JOT(1) BSD General Commands Manual JOT(1)
NAME
jot -- print sequential or random data
SYNOPSIS
jot [-cnr] [-b word] [-w word] [-s string] [-p precision] [reps [begin [end [s]]]]
DESCRIPTION
The jot utility is used to print out increasing, decreasing, random, or redundant data, usually num-bers, numbers,
bers, one per line.
The following options are available:
-r Generate random data instead of the default sequential data.
-b word
Just print word repetitively.
-w word
Print word with the generated data appended to it. Octal, hexadecimal, exponential, ASCII,
zero padded, and right-adjusted representations are possible by using the appropriate printf(3)
conversion specification inside word, in which case the data are inserted rather than appended.
-c This is an abbreviation for -w %c.
-s string
Print data separated by string. Normally, newlines separate data.
-n Do not print the final newline normally appended to the output.
-p precision
Print only as many digits or characters of the data as indicated by the integer precision. In
the absence of -p, the precision is the greater of the precisions of begin and end. The -p
option is overridden by whatever appears in a printf(3) conversion following -w.
The last four arguments indicate, respectively, the number of data, the lower bound, the upper bound,
and the step size or, for random data, the seed. While at least one of them must appear, any of the
other three may be omitted, and will be considered as such if given as -. Any three of these arguments
determines the fourth. If four are specified and the given and computed values of reps conflict, the
lower value is used. If fewer than three are specified, defaults are assigned left to right, except
for s, which assumes its default unless both begin and end are given.
Defaults for the four arguments are, respectively, 100, 1, 100, and 1, except that when random data are
requested, the seed, s, is picked randomly. The reps argument is expected to be an unsigned integer,
and if given as zero is taken to be infinite. The begin and end arguments may be given as real numbers
or as characters representing the corresponding value in ASCII. The last argument must be a real num-ber. number.
ber.
Random numbers are obtained through random(3). The name jot derives in part from iota, a function in
APL.
EXAMPLES
The command
jot 21 -1 1.00
prints 21 evenly spaced numbers increasing from -1 to 1. The ASCII character set is generated with
jot -c 128 0
and the strings xaa through xaz with
jot -w xa%c 26 a
while 20 random 8-letter strings are produced with
jot -r -c 160 a z | rs -g 0 8
Infinitely many yes's may be obtained through
jot -b yes 0
and thirty ed(1) substitution commands applying to lines 2, 7, 12, etc. is the result of
jot -w %ds/old/new/ 30 2 - 5
The stuttering sequence 9, 9, 8, 8, 7, etc. can be produced by suitable choice of step size, as in
jot - 9 0 -.5
and a file containing exactly 1024 bytes is created with
jot -b x 512 > block
Finally, to set tabs four spaces apart starting from column 10 and ending in column 132, use
expand -`jot -s, - 10 132 4`
and to print all lines 80 characters or longer,
grep `jot -s "" -b . 80`
DIAGNOSTICS
The jot utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs. The following diagnostic messages
deserve special explanation:
illegal or unsupported format '%s' The requested conversion format specifier for printf(3) was not of
the form
%[#][ ][{+,-}][0-9]*[.[0-9]*]?
where ``?'' must be one of
[l]{d,i,o,u,x}
or
{c,e,f,g,D,E,G,O,U,X}
range error in conversion A value to be printed fell outside the range of the data type associated
with the requested output format.
too many conversions More than one conversion format specifier has been supplied, but only one is
allowed.
AUTHOR
John A. Kunze <jak@ucop.edu>
SEE ALSO
ed(1), expand(1), rs(1), yes(1), printf(3), random(3)
BSD June 6, 1993 BSD
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