UNITS(1) BSD General Commands Manual UNITS(1)
NAME
units -- conversion program
SYNOPSIS
units [-f filename] [-qv] [from-unit to-unit]
OPTIONS
The following options are available:
-f filename
Specify the name of the units data file to load.
-q Suppress prompting of the user for units and the display of statistics about the number of
units loaded.
-v Print the version number.
from-unit to-unit
Allow a single unit conversion to be done directly from the command line. The program will not
print prompts. It will print out the result of the single specified conversion.
DESCRIPTION
The units program converts quantities expressed in various scales to their equivalents in other scales.
The units program can only handle multiplicative scale changes. It cannot convert Celsius to Fahren-heit, Fahrenheit,
heit, for example. It works interactively by prompting the user for input:
You have: meters
You want: feet
* 3.2808399
/ 0.3048
You have: cm^3
You want: gallons
* 0.00026417205
/ 3785.4118
You have: meters/s
You want: furlongs/fortnight
* 6012.8848
/ 0.00016630952
You have: 1|2 inch
You want: cm
* 1.27
/ 0.78740157
Powers of units can be specified using the '^' character as shown in the example, or by simple concate-nation: concatenation:
nation: 'cm3' is equivalent to 'cm^3'. Multiplication of units can be specified by using spaces, a
dash or an asterisk. Division of units is indicated by the slash ('/'). Note that multiplication has
a higher precedence than division, so 'm/s/s' is the same as 'm/s^2' or 'm/s s'. Division of numbers
must be indicated using the vertical bar ('|'). To convert half a meter, you would write '1|2 meter'.
If you write '1/2 meter' then the units program would interpret that as equivalent to '0.5/meter'. If
you enter incompatible unit types, the units program will print a message indicating that the units are
not conformable and it will display the reduced form for each unit:
You have: ergs/hour
You want: fathoms kg^2 / day
conformability error
2.7777778e-11 kg m^2 / sec^3
2.1166667e-05 kg^2 m / sec
The conversion information is read from a units data file. The default file includes definitions for
most familiar units, abbreviations and metric prefixes. Some constants of nature included are:
pi ratio of circumference to diameter
c speed of light
e charge on an electron
g acceleration of gravity
force same as g
mole Avogadro's number
water pressure per unit height of water
mercury pressure per unit height of mercury
au astronomical unit
The unit 'pound' is a unit of mass. Compound names are run together so 'pound force' is a unit of
force. The unit 'ounce' is also a unit of mass. The fluid ounce is 'floz'. British units that differ
from their US counterparts are prefixed with 'br', and currency is prefixed with its country name:
'belgiumfranc', 'britainpound'. When searching for a unit, if the specified string does not appear
exactly as a unit name, then units will try to remove a trailing 's' or a trailing 'es' and check again
for a match.
To find out what units are available read the standard units file. If you want to add your own units
you can supply your own file. A unit is specified on a single line by giving its name and an equiva-lence. equivalence.
lence. Be careful to define new units in terms of old ones so that a reduction leads to the primitive
units which are marked with '!' characters. The units program will not detect infinite loops that
could be caused by careless unit definitions. Comments in the unit definition file begin with a '/'
character at the beginning of a line.
Prefixes are defined in the same was as standard units, but with a trailing dash at the end of the pre-fix prefix
fix name. If a unit is not found even after removing trailing 's' or 'es', then it will be checked
against the list of prefixes. Prefixes will be removed until a legal base unit is identified.
Here is an example of a short units file that defines some basic units.
m !a!
sec !b!
micro- 1e-6
minute 60 sec
hour 60 min
inch 0.0254 m
ft 12 inches
mile 5280 ft
BUGS
The effect of including a '/' in a prefix is surprising.
Exponents entered by the user can be only one digit. You can work around this by multiplying several
terms.
The user must use | to indicate division of numbers and / to indicate division of symbols. This dis-tinction distinction
tinction should not be necessary.
The program contains various arbitrary limits on the length of the units converted and on the length of
the data file.
The program should use a hash table to store units so that it doesn't take so long to load the units
list and check for duplication.
FILES
/usr/share/misc/units.lib the standard units library
AUTHORS
Adrian Mariano <adrian@cam.cornell.edu>
BSD July 14, 1993 BSD
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