ZIP(1L) ZIP(1L)
NAME
zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files
SYNOPSIS
zip [-aABcdDeEfFghjklLmoqrRSTuvVwXyz!@$] [-b path] [-n suffixes] [-t mmddyyyy] [-tt mmddyyyy] [ zip-file zipfile
file [ file1 file2 ...]] [-xi list]
zipcloak [-dhL] [-b path] zipfile
zipnote [-hwL] [-b path] zipfile
zipsplit [-hiLpst] [-n size] [-b path] zipfile
DESCRIPTION
zip is a compression and file packaging utility for Unix, VMS, MSDOS, OS/2, Windows NT, Minix, Atari
and Macintosh, Amiga and Acorn RISC OS.
It is analogous to a combination of the UNIX commands tar(1) and compress(1) and is compatible with
PKZIP (Phil Katz's ZIP for MSDOS systems).
A companion program (unzip(1L)), unpacks zip archives. The zip and unzip(1L) programs can work with
archives produced by PKZIP, and PKZIP and PKUNZIP can work with archives produced by zip. zip ver-sion version
sion 2.32 is compatible with PKZIP 2.04. Note that PKUNZIP 1.10 cannot extract files produced by
PKZIP 2.04 or zip 2.32. You must use PKUNZIP 2.04g or unzip 5.0p1 (or later versions) to extract
them.
For a brief help on zip and unzip, run each without specifying any parameters on the command line.
The program is useful for packaging a set of files for distribution; for archiving files; and for
saving disk space by temporarily compressing unused files or directories.
The zip program puts one or more compressed files into a single zip archive, along with information
about the files (name, path, date, time of last modification, protection, and check information to
verify file integrity). An entire directory structure can be packed into a zip archive with a single
command. Compression ratios of 2:1 to 3:1 are common for text files. zip has one compression method
(deflation) and can also store files without compression. zip automatically chooses the better of
the two for each file to be compressed.
The basic command format is
zip options archive inpattern inpattern ...
where archive is a new or existing zip archive and inpattern is a directory or file path optionally
including wildcards. When given the name of an existing zip archive, zip will replace identically
named entries in the zip archive or add entries for new names. For example, if foo.zip exists and
contains foo/file1 and foo/file2, and the directory foo contains the files foo/file1 and foo/file3,
then:
zip -r foo.zip foo
or more concisely
zip -r foo foo
will replace foo/file1 in foo.zip and add foo/file3 to foo.zip. After this, foo.zip contains
foo/file1, foo/file2, and foo/file3, with foo/file2 unchanged from before.
If the file list is specified as -@, [Not on MacOS] zip takes the list of input files from standard
input. Under UNIX, this option can be used to powerful effect in conjunction with the find(1) com-mand. command.
mand. For example, to archive all the C source files in the current directory and its subdirecto-ries: subdirectories:
ries:
find . -name "*.[ch]" -print | zip source -@
(note that the pattern "*.[ch]" must be quoted to keep the shell from expanding it). zip will also
accept a single dash ("-") as the zip file name, in which case it will write the zip file to standard
output, allowing the output to be piped to another program. For example:
zip -r - . | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k
would write the zip output directly to a tape with the specified block size for the purpose of back-ing backing
ing up the current directory.
zip also accepts a single dash ("-") as the name of a file to be compressed, in which case it will
read the file from standard input, allowing zip to take input from another program. For example:
tar cf - . | zip backup -would backupwould
would compress the output of the tar command for the purpose of backing up the current directory.
This generally produces better compression than the previous example using the -r option, because zip
can take advantage of redundancy between files. The backup can be restored using the command
unzip -p backup | tar xf -When xfWhen
When no zip file name is given and stdout is not a terminal, zip acts as a filter, compressing stan-dard standard
dard input to standard output. For example,
tar cf - . | zip | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k
is equivalent to
tar cf - . | zip - - | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k
zip archives created in this manner can be extracted with the program funzip which is provided in the
unzip package, or by gunzip which is provided in the gzip package. For example:
dd if=/dev/nrst0 ibs=16k | funzip | tar xvf -When xvfWhen
When changing an existing zip archive, zip will write a temporary file with the new contents, and
only replace the old one when the process of creating the new version has been completed without
error.
If the name of the zip archive does not contain an extension, the extension .zip is added. If the
name already contains an extension other than .zip the existing extension is kept unchanged.
OPTIONS
-a [Systems using EBCDIC] Translate file to ASCII format.
-A Adjust self-extracting executable archive. A self-extracting executable archive is created by
prepending the SFX stub to an existing archive. The -A option tells zip to adjust the entry
offsets stored in the archive to take into account this "preamble" data.
Note: self-extracting archives for the Amiga are a special case. At present, only the Amiga port of
zip is capable of adjusting or updating these without corrupting them. -J can be used to remove the
SFX stub if other updates need to be made.
-B [VM/CMS and MVS] force file to be read binary (default is text).
-Bn [TANDEM] set Edit/Enscribe formatting options with n defined as
bit 0: Don't add delimiter (Edit/Enscribe)
bit 1: Use LF rather than CR/LF as delimiter (Edit/Enscribe)
bit 2: Space fill record to maximum record length (Enscribe)
bit 3: Trim trailing space (Enscribe)
bit 8: Force 30K (Expand) large read for unstructured files
-b path
Use the specified path for the temporary zip archive. For example:
zip -b /tmp stuff *
will put the temporary zip archive in the directory /tmp, copying over stuff.zip to the cur-rent current
rent directory when done. This option is only useful when updating an existing archive, and
the file system containing this old archive does not have enough space to hold both old and
new archives at the same time.
-c Add one-line comments for each file. File operations (adding, updating) are done first, and
the user is then prompted for a one-line comment for each file. Enter the comment followed by
return, or just return for no comment.
-d Remove (delete) entries from a zip archive. For example:
zip -d foo foo/tom/junk foo/harry/\* \*.o
will remove the entry foo/tom/junk, all of the files that start with foo/harry/, and all of
the files that end with .o (in any path). Note that shell pathname expansion has been inhib-ited inhibited
ited with backslashes, so that zip can see the asterisks, enabling zip to match on the con-tents contents
tents of the zip archive instead of the contents of the current directory. You can also use
quotes to escape wildcards, as in
zip -d foo foo/tom/junk "foo/harry/*" "*.o"
Under systems where the shell does not expand wildcards, such as MSDOS, the backslashes are
not needed. The above would then be
zip -d foo foo/tom/junk foo/harry/* *.o
Under MSDOS, -d is case sensitive when it matches names in the zip archive. This requires
that file names be entered in upper case if they were zipped by PKZIP on an MSDOS system.
-df [MacOS] Include only data-fork of files zipped into the archive. Good for exporting files to
foreign operating-systems. Resource-forks will be ignored at all.
-D Do not create entries in the zip archive for directories. Directory entries are created by
default so that their attributes can be saved in the zip archive. The environment variable
ZIPOPT can be used to change the default options. For example under Unix with sh:
ZIPOPT="-D"; export ZIPOPT
(The variable ZIPOPT can be used for any option except -i and -x and can include several
options.) The option -D is a shorthand for -x "*/" but the latter cannot be set as default in
the ZIPOPT environment variable.
-e Encrypt the contents of the zip archive using a password which is entered on the terminal in
response to a prompt (this will not be echoed; if standard error is not a tty, zip will exit
with an error). The password prompt is repeated to save the user from typing errors. Note
that this encrypts with standard pkzip encryption which is considered weak.
-E [OS/2] Use the .LONGNAME Extended Attribute (if found) as filename.
-f Replace (freshen) an existing entry in the zip archive only if it has been modified more
recently than the version already in the archive; unlike the update option (-u) this will not
add files that are not already in the zip archive. For example:
zip -f foo
This command should be run from the same directory from which the original zip command was
run, since paths stored in zip archives are always relative.
Note that the timezone environment variable TZ should be set according to the local timezone
in order for the -f , -u and -o options to work correctly. The reasons behind this are some-what somewhat
what subtle but have to do with the differences between the Unix-format file times (always in
GMT) and most of the other operating systems (always local time) and the necessity to compare
the two. A typical TZ value is ``MET-1MEST'' (Middle European time with automatic adjustment
for ``summertime'' or Daylight Savings Time).
-F Fix the zip archive. This option can be used if some portions of the archive are missing. It
is not guaranteed to work, so you MUST make a backup of the original archive first.
When doubled as in -FF the compressed sizes given inside the damaged archive are not trusted
and zip scans for special signatures to identify the limits between the archive members. The
single -F is more reliable if the archive is not too much damaged, for example if it has only
been truncated, so try this option first.
Neither option will recover archives that have been incorrectly transferred in ascii mode
instead of binary. After the repair, the -t option of unzip may show that some files have a
bad CRC. Such files cannot be recovered; you can remove them from the archive using the -d
option of zip.
-g Grow (append to) the specified zip archive, instead of creating a new one. If this operation
fails, zip attempts to restore the archive to its original state. If the restoration fails,
the archive might become corrupted. This option is ignored when there's no existing archive or
when at least one archive member must be updated or deleted.
-h Display the zip help information (this also appears if zip is run with no arguments).
-i files
Include only the specified files, as in:
zip -r foo . -i \*.c
which will include only the files that end in .c in the current directory and its subdirecto-ries. subdirectories.
ries. (Note for PKZIP users: the equivalent command is
pkzip -rP foo *.c
PKZIP does not allow recursion in directories other than the current one.) The backslash
avoids the shell filename substitution, so that the name matching is performed by zip at all
directory levels. Not escaping wildcards on shells that do wildcard substitution before zip
gets the command line may seem to work but files in subdirectories matching the pattern will
never be checked and so not matched. For shells, such as Win32 command prompts, that do not
replace file patterns containing wildcards with the respective file names, zip will do the
recursion and escaping the wildcards is not needed.
Also possible:
zip -r foo . -i@include.lst
which will only include the files in the current directory and its subdirectories that match
the patterns in the file include.lst, one file pattern per line.
-I [Acorn RISC OS] Don't scan through Image files. When used, zip will not consider Image files
(eg. DOS partitions or Spark archives when SparkFS is loaded) as directories but will store
them as single files.
For example, if you have SparkFS loaded, zipping a Spark archive will result in a zipfile con-taining containing
taining a directory (and its content) while using the 'I' option will result in a zipfile con-taining containing
taining a Spark archive. Obviously this second case will also be obtained (without the 'I'
option) if SparkFS isn't loaded.
-j Store just the name of a saved file (junk the path), and do not store directory names. By
default, zip will store the full path (relative to the current path).
-jj [MacOS] record Fullpath (+ Volname). The complete path including volume will be stored. By
default the relative path will be stored.
-J Strip any prepended data (e.g. a SFX stub) from the archive.
-k Attempt to convert the names and paths to conform to MSDOS, store only the MSDOS attribute
(just the user write attribute from UNIX), and mark the entry as made under MSDOS (even though
it was not); for compatibility with PKUNZIP under MSDOS which cannot handle certain names such
as those with two dots.
-l Translate the Unix end-of-line character LF into the MSDOS convention CR LF. This option
should not be used on binary files. This option can be used on Unix if the zip file is
intended for PKUNZIP under MSDOS. If the input files already contain CR LF, this option adds
an extra CR. This ensures that unzip -a on Unix will get back an exact copy of the original
file, to undo the effect of zip -l. See the note on binary detection for -ll below.
-ll Translate the MSDOS end-of-line CR LF into Unix LF. This option should not be used on binary
files and a warning will be issued when a file is converted that later is detected to be
binary. This option can be used on MSDOS if the zip file is intended for unzip under Unix.
In Zip 2.31 and later, binary detection has been changed from a simple percentage of binary
characters being considered binary to a more selective method that should consider files in
many character sets, including UTF-8, that only include text characters in that character set
to be text. This allows unzip -a to convert these files.
-L Display the zip license.
-m Move the specified files into the zip archive; actually, this deletes the target directo-ries/files directories/files
ries/files after making the specified zip archive. If a directory becomes empty after removal
of the files, the directory is also removed. No deletions are done until zip has created the
archive without error. This is useful for conserving disk space, but is potentially dangerous
so it is recommended to use it in combination with -T to test the archive before removing all
input files.
-MM All input patterns must match at least one file and all input files found must be readable.
Normally when an input pattern does not match a file the "name not matched" warning is issued
and when an input file has been found but later is missing or not readable a missing or not
readable warning is issued. In either case zip continues creating the archive, with missing
or unreadable new files being skipped and files already in the archive remaining unchanged.
After the archive is created, if any files were not readable zip returns the OPEN error code
(18 on most systems) instead of the normal success return (0 on most systems). With -MM set,
zip exits as soon as an input pattern is not matched (whenever the "name not matched" warning
would be issued) or when an input file is not readable. In either case zip exits with an OPEN
error and no archive is created.
This option is useful when a known list of files is to be zipped so any missing or unreadable
files will result in an error. It is less useful when used with wildcards, but zip will still
exit with an error if any input pattern doesn't match at least one file and if any matched
files are unreadable. If you want to create the archive anyway and only need to know if files
were skipped, don't use -MM and just check the return code.
-n suffixes
Do not attempt to compress files named with the given suffixes. Such files are simply stored
(0% compression) in the output zip file, so that zip doesn't waste its time trying to compress
them. The suffixes are separated by either colons or semicolons. For example:
zip -rn .Z:.zip:.tiff:.gif:.snd foo foo
will copy everything from foo into foo.zip, but will store any files that end in .Z, .zip,
.tiff, .gif, or .snd without trying to compress them (image and sound files often have their
own specialized compression methods). By default, zip does not compress files with extensions
in the list .Z:.zip:.zoo:.arc:.lzh:.arj. Such files are stored directly in the output ar-chive. archive.
chive. The environment variable ZIPOPT can be used to change the default options. For example
under Unix with csh:
setenv ZIPOPT "-n .gif:.zip"
To attempt compression on all files, use:
zip -n : foo
The maximum compression option -9 also attempts compression on all files regardless of exten-sion. extension.
sion.
On Acorn RISC OS systems the suffixes are actually filetypes (3 hex digit format). By default,
zip does not compress files with filetypes in the list DDC:D96:68E (i.e. Archives, CFS files
and PackDir files).
-N [Amiga, MacOS] Save Amiga or MacOS filenotes as zipfile comments. They can be restored by
using the -N option of unzip. If -c is used also, you are prompted for comments only for those
files that do not have filenotes.
-o Set the "last modified" time of the zip archive to the latest (oldest) "last modified" time
found among the entries in the zip archive. This can be used without any other operations, if
desired. For example:
zip -o foo
will change the last modified time of foo.zip to the latest time of the entries in foo.zip.
-P password
use password to encrypt zipfile entries (if any). THIS IS INSECURE! Many multi-user operat-ing operating
ing systems provide ways for any user to see the current command line of any other user; even
on stand-alone systems there is always the threat of over-the-shoulder peeking. Storing the
plaintext password as part of a command line in an automated script is even worse. Whenever
possible, use the non-echoing, interactive prompt to enter passwords. (And where security is
truly important, use strong encryption such as Pretty Good Privacy instead of the relatively
weak encryption provided by standard zipfile utilities.)
-q Quiet mode; eliminate informational messages and comment prompts. (Useful, for example, in
shell scripts and background tasks).
-Qn [QDOS] store information about the file in the file header with n defined as
bit 0: Don't add headers for any file
bit 1: Add headers for all files
bit 2: Don't wait for interactive key press on exit
-r Travel the directory structure recursively; for example:
zip -r foo.zip foo
or a bit more concisely
zip -r foo foo
In this case, all the files and directories in foo are saved in a zip archive named foo.zip,
including files with names starting with ".", since the recursion does not use the shell's
file-name substitution mechanism. If you wish to include only a specific subset of the files
in directory foo and its subdirectories, use the -i option to specify the pattern of files to
be included. You should not use -r with the name ".*", since that matches ".." which will
attempt to zip up the parent directory (probably not what was intended).
-R Travel the directory structure recursively starting at the current directory; for example:
zip -R foo '*.c'
In this case, all the files matching *.c in the tree starting at the current directory are
stored into a zip archive named foo.zip. Note for PKZIP users: the equivalent command is
pkzip -rP foo *.c
-S [MSDOS, OS/2, WIN32 and ATARI] Include system and hidden files.
[MacOS] Includes finder invisible files, which are ignored otherwise.
-t mmddyyyy
Do not operate on files modified prior to the specified date, where mm is the month (0-12), dd
is the day of the month (1-31), and yyyy is the year. The ISO 8601 date format yyyy-mm-dd is
also accepted. For example:
zip -rt 12071991 infamy foo
zip -rt 1991-12-07 infamy foo
will add all the files in foo and its subdirectories that were last modified on or after 7
December 1991, to the zip archive infamy.zip.
-tt mmddyyyy
Do not operate on files modified after or at the specified date, where mm is the month (0-12),
dd is the day of the month (1-31), and yyyy is the year. The ISO 8601 date format yyyy-mm-dd
is also accepted. For example:
zip -rtt 11301995 infamy foo
zip -rtt 1995-11-30 infamy foo
will add all the files in foo and its subdirectories that were last modified before 30 Novem-ber November
ber 1995, to the zip archive infamy.zip.
-T Test the integrity of the new zip file. If the check fails, the old zip file is unchanged and
(with the -m option) no input files are removed.
-u Replace (update) an existing entry in the zip archive only if it has been modified more
recently than the version already in the zip archive. For example:
zip -u stuff *
will add any new files in the current directory, and update any files which have been modified
since the zip archive stuff.zip was last created/modified (note that zip will not try to pack
stuff.zip into itself when you do this).
Note that the -u option with no arguments acts like the -f (freshen) option.
-v Verbose mode or print diagnostic version info.
Normally, when applied to real operations, this option enables the display of a progress indi-cator indicator
cator during compression and requests verbose diagnostic info about zipfile structure oddi-ties. oddities.
ties.
When -v is the only command line argument, and either stdin or stdout is not redirected to a
file, a diagnostic screen is printed. In addition to the help screen header with program name,
version, and release date, some pointers to the Info-ZIP home and distribution sites are
given. Then, it shows information about the target environment (compiler type and version, OS
version, compilation date and the enabled optional features used to create the zip executable.
-V [VMS] Save VMS file attributes and use portable form. zip archives created with this option
are truncated at EOF but still may not be usable on other systems depending on the file types
being zipped.
-VV [VMS] Save VMS file attributes. zip archives created with this option include the entire file
and should be able to recreate most VMS files on VMS systems but these archives will generally
not be usable on other systems.
-w [VMS] Append the version number of the files to the name, including multiple versions of
files. (default: use only the most recent version of a specified file).
-x files
Explicitly exclude the specified files, as in:
zip -r foo foo -x \*.o
which will include the contents of foo in foo.zip while excluding all the files that end in
.o. The backslash avoids the shell filename substitution, so that the name matching is per-formed performed
formed by zip at all directory levels. If you do not escape wildcards in patterns it may seem
to work but files in subdirectories will not be checked for matches.
Also possible:
zip -r foo foo -x@exclude.lst
which will include the contents of foo in foo.zip while excluding all the files that match the
patterns in the file exclude.lst (each file pattern on a separate line).
-X Do not save extra file attributes (Extended Attributes on OS/2, uid/gid and file times on
Unix).
-y Store symbolic links as such in the zip archive, instead of compressing and storing the file
referred to by the link (UNIX only).
-z Prompt for a multi-line comment for the entire zip archive. The comment is ended by a line
containing just a period, or an end of file condition (^D on UNIX, ^Z on MSDOS, OS/2, and
VMS). The comment can be taken from a file:
zip -z foo < foowhat
-# Regulate the speed of compression using the specified digit #, where -0 indicates no compres-
sion (store all files), -1 indicates the fastest compression method (less compression) and -9
indicates the slowest compression method (optimal compression, ignores the suffix list). The
default compression level is -6.
-! [WIN32] Use priviliges (if granted) to obtain all aspects of WinNT security.
-@ Take the list of input files from standard input. Only one filename per line.
-$ [MSDOS, OS/2, WIN32] Include the volume label for the drive holding the first file to be com-pressed. compressed.
pressed. If you want to include only the volume label or to force a specific drive, use the
drive name as first file name, as in:
zip -$ foo a: c:bar
EXAMPLES
The simplest example:
zip stuff *
creates the archive stuff.zip (assuming it does not exist) and puts all the files in the current
directory in it, in compressed form (the .zip suffix is added automatically, unless that archive name
given contains a dot already; this allows the explicit specification of other suffixes).
Because of the way the shell does filename substitution, files starting with "." are not included; to
include these as well:
zip stuff .* *
Even this will not include any subdirectories from the current directory.
To zip up an entire directory, the command:
zip -r foo foo
creates the archive foo.zip, containing all the files and directories in the directory foo that is
contained within the current directory.
You may want to make a zip archive that contains the files in foo, without recording the directory
name, foo. You can use the -j option to leave off the paths, as in:
zip -j foo foo/*
If you are short on disk space, you might not have enough room to hold both the original directory
and the corresponding compressed zip archive. In this case, you can create the archive in steps
using the -m option. If foo contains the subdirectories tom, dick, and harry, you can:
zip -rm foo foo/tom
zip -rm foo foo/dick
zip -rm foo foo/harry
where the first command creates foo.zip, and the next two add to it. At the completion of each zip
command, the last created archive is deleted, making room for the next zip command to function.
PATTERN MATCHING
This section applies only to UNIX, though the ?, *, and [] special characters are implemented on
other systems including MSDOS and Win32. Watch this space for details on MSDOS and VMS operation.
The UNIX shells (sh(1) and csh(1)) do filename substitution on command arguments. The special char-acters characters
acters are:
? match any single character
* match any number of characters (including none)
[] match any character in the range indicated within the brackets (example: [a-f], [0-9]).
When these characters are encountered (without being escaped with a backslash or quotes), the shell
will look for files relative to the current path that match the pattern, and replace the argument
with a list of the names that matched.
The zip program can do the same matching on names that are in the zip archive being modified or, in
the case of the -x (exclude) or -i (include) options, on the list of files to be operated on, by
using backslashes or quotes to tell the shell not to do the name expansion. In general, when zip
encounters a name in the list of files to do, it first looks for the name in the file system. If it
finds it, it then adds it to the list of files to do. If it does not find it, it looks for the name
in the zip archive being modified (if it exists), using the pattern matching characters described
above, if present. For each match, it will add that name to the list of files to be processed,
unless this name matches one given with the -x option, or does not match any name given with the -i
option.
The pattern matching includes the path, and so patterns like \*.o match names that end in ".o", no
matter what the path prefix is. Note that the backslash must precede every special character (i.e.
?*[]), or the entire argument must be enclosed in double quotes ("").
In general, use backslash to make zip do the pattern matching with the -f (freshen) and -d (delete)
options, and sometimes after the -x (exclude) option when used with an appropriate operation (add,
-u, -f, or -d).
ENVIRONMENT
ZIPOPT contains default options that will be used when running zip
ZIP [Not on RISC OS and VMS] see ZIPOPT
Zip$Options
[RISC OS] see ZIPOPT
Zip$Exts
[RISC OS] contains extensions separated by a : that will cause native filenames with one of
the specified extensions to be added to the zip file with basename and extension swapped. zip
ZIP_OPTS
[VMS] see ZIPOPT
SEE ALSO
compress(1), shar(1L), tar(1), unzip(1L), gzip(1L)
DIAGNOSTICS
The exit status (or error level) approximates the exit codes defined by PKWARE and takes on the fol-lowing following
lowing values, except under VMS:
0 normal; no errors or warnings detected.
2 unexpected end of zip file.
3 a generic error in the zipfile format was detected. Processing may have completed suc-cessfully successfully
cessfully anyway; some broken zipfiles created by other archivers have simple work-arounds. workarounds.
arounds.
4 zip was unable to allocate memory for one or more buffers during program initializa-tion. initialization.
tion.
5 a severe error in the zipfile format was detected. Processing probably failed immedi-ately. immediately.
ately.
6 entry too large to split (with zipsplit), read, or write
7 invalid comment format
8 zip -T failed or out of memory
9 the user aborted zip prematurely with control-C (or similar)
10 zip encountered an error while using a temp file
11 read or seek error
12 zip has nothing to do
13 missing or empty zip file
14 error writing to a file
15 zip was unable to create a file to write to
16 bad command line parameters
18 zip could not open a specified file to read
VMS interprets standard Unix (or PC) return values as other, scarier-looking things, so zip instead
maps them into VMS-style status codes. The current mapping is as follows: 1 (success) for normal
exit,
and (0x7fff000? + 16*normal_zip_exit_status) for all errors, where the `?' is 0 (warning) for zip
value 12, 2 (error) for the zip values 3, 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 18, and 4 (fatal error) for the remaining
ones.
BUGS
zip 2.32 is not compatible with PKUNZIP 1.10. Use zip 1.1 to produce zip files which can be extracted
by PKUNZIP 1.10.
zip files produced by zip 2.32 must not be updated by zip 1.1 or PKZIP 1.10, if they contain
encrypted members or if they have been produced in a pipe or on a non-seekable device. The old ver-sions versions
sions of zip or PKZIP would create an archive with an incorrect format. The old versions can list
the contents of the zip file but cannot extract it anyway (because of the new compression algorithm).
If you do not use encryption and use regular disk files, you do not have to care about this problem.
Under VMS, not all of the odd file formats are treated properly. Only stream-LF format zip files are
expected to work with zip. Others can be converted using Rahul Dhesi's BILF program. This version
of zip handles some of the conversion internally. When using Kermit to transfer zip files from Vax
to MSDOS, type "set file type block" on the Vax. When transferring from MSDOS to Vax, type "set file
type fixed" on the Vax. In both cases, type "set file type binary" on MSDOS.
Under VMS, zip hangs for file specification that uses DECnet syntax foo::*.*.
On OS/2, zip cannot match some names, such as those including an exclamation mark or a hash sign.
This is a bug in OS/2 itself: the 32-bit DosFindFirst/Next don't find such names. Other programs
such as GNU tar are also affected by this bug.
Under OS/2, the amount of Extended Attributes displayed by DIR is (for compatibility) the amount
returned by the 16-bit version of DosQueryPathInfo(). Otherwise OS/2 1.3 and 2.0 would report differ-ent different
ent EA sizes when DIRing a file. However, the structure layout returned by the 32-bit DosQuery-PathInfo() DosQueryPathInfo()
PathInfo() is a bit different, it uses extra padding bytes and link pointers (it's a linked list) to
have all fields on 4-byte boundaries for portability to future RISC OS/2 versions. Therefore the
value reported by zip (which uses this 32-bit-mode size) differs from that reported by DIR. zip
stores the 32-bit format for portability, even the 16-bit MS-C-compiled version running on OS/2 1.3,
so even this one shows the 32-bit-mode size.
Development of zip 3.0 and unzip 6.0 are underway. See those source distributions for many new fea-tures features
tures and the latest bug fixes.
AUTHORS
Copyright (C) 1997-2006 Info-ZIP.
Copyright (C) 1990-1997 Mark Adler, Richard B. Wales, Jean-loup Gailly, Onno van der Linden, Kai Uwe
Rommel, Igor Mandrichenko, John Bush and Paul Kienitz. Permission is granted to any individual or
institution to use, copy, or redistribute this software so long as all of the original files are
included, that it is not sold for profit, and that this copyright notice is retained.
LIKE ANYTHING ELSE THAT'S FREE, ZIP AND ITS ASSOCIATED UTILITIES ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND COME WITH NO
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. IN NO EVENT WILL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
Please send bug reports and comments to: zip-bugs at www.info-zip.org. For bug reports, please
include the version of zip (see zip -h), the make options used to compile it (see zip -v), the
machine and operating system in use, and as much additional information as possible.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to R. P. Byrne for his Shrink.Pas program, which inspired this project, and from which the
shrink algorithm was stolen; to Phil Katz for placing in the public domain the zip file format, com-pression compression
pression format, and .ZIP filename extension, and for accepting minor changes to the file format; to
Steve Burg for clarifications on the deflate format; to Haruhiko Okumura and Leonid Broukhis for pro-viding providing
viding some useful ideas for the compression algorithm; to Keith Petersen, Rich Wales, Hunter Goatley
and Mark Adler for providing a mailing list and ftp site for the Info-ZIP group to use; and most
importantly, to the Info-ZIP group itself (listed in the file infozip.who) without whose tireless
testing and bug-fixing efforts a portable zip would not have been possible. Finally we should thank
(blame) the first Info-ZIP moderator, David Kirschbaum, for getting us into this mess in the first
place. The manual page was rewritten for UNIX by R. P. C. Rodgers.
Info-ZIP 19 June 2006 (v2.32) ZIP(1L)
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