ZSHCOMPCTL(1) ZSHCOMPCTL(1)
NAME
zshcompctl - zsh programmable completion
DESCRIPTION
This version of zsh has two ways of performing completion of words on the command line. New users of
the shell may prefer to use the newer and more powerful system based on shell functions; this is
described in zshcompsys(1), and the basic shell mechanisms which support it are described in zshcomp-wid(1). zshcompwid(1).
wid(1). This manual entry describes the older compctl command.
compctl [ -CDT ] options [ command ... ]
compctl [ -CDT ] options [ -x pattern options - ... -- ] [ + options [ -x ... -- ] ... [+] ] [ com-mand command
mand ... ]
compctl -M match-specs ...
compctl -L [ -CDTM ] [ command ... ]
compctl + command ...
Control the editor's completion behavior according to the supplied set of options. Various editing
commands, notably expand-or-complete-word, usually bound to tab, will attempt to complete a word
typed by the user, while others, notably delete-char-or-list, usually bound to ^D in EMACS editing
mode, list the possibilities; compctl controls what those possibilities are. They may for example be
filenames (the most common case, and hence the default), shell variables, or words from a user-speci-fied user-specified
fied list.
COMMAND FLAGS
Completion of the arguments of a command may be different for each command or may use the default.
The behavior when completing the command word itself may also be separately specified. These corre-spond correspond
spond to the following flags and arguments, all of which (except for -L) may be combined with any
combination of the options described subsequently in the section `Option Flags':
command ...
controls completion for the named commands, which must be listed last on the command line. If
completion is attempted for a command with a pathname containing slashes and no completion
definition is found, the search is retried with the last pathname component. If the command
starts with a =, completion is tried with the pathname of the command.
Any of the command strings may be patterns of the form normally used for filename generation.
These should be be quoted to protect them from immediate expansion; for example the command
string 'foo*' arranges for completion of the words of any command beginning with foo. When
completion is attempted, all pattern completions are tried in the reverse order of their defi-nition definition
nition until one matches. By default, completion then proceeds as normal, i.e. the shell will
try to generate more matches for the specific command on the command line; this can be over-ridden overridden
ridden by including -tn in the flags for the pattern completion.
Note that aliases are expanded before the command name is determined unless the COM-PLETE_ALIASES COMPLETE_ALIASES
PLETE_ALIASES option is set. Commands may not be combined with the -C, -D or -T flags.
-C controls completion when the command word itself is being completed. If no compctl -C command
has been issued, the names of any executable command (whether in the path or specific to the
shell, such as aliases or functions) are completed.
-D controls default completion behavior for the arguments of commands not assigned any special
behavior. If no compctl -D command has been issued, filenames are completed.
-T supplies completion flags to be used before any other processing is done, even before process-ing processing
ing for compctls defined for specific commands. This is especially useful when combined with
extended completion (the -x flag, see the section `Extended Completion' below). Using this
flag you can define default behavior which will apply to all commands without exception, or
you can alter the standard behavior for all commands. For example, if your access to the user
database is too slow and/or it contains too many users (so that completion after `~' is too
slow to be usable), you can use
compctl -T -x 's[~] C[0,[^/]#]' -k friends -S/ -tn
to complete the strings in the array friends after a `~'. The C[...] argument is necessary so
that this form of ~-completion is not tried after the directory name is finished.
-L lists the existing completion behavior in a manner suitable for putting into a start-up
script; the existing behavior is not changed. Any combination of the above forms, or the -M
flag (which must follow the -L flag), may be specified, otherwise all defined completions are
listed. Any other flags supplied are ignored.
no argument
If no argument is given, compctl lists all defined completions in an abbreviated form; with a
list of options, all completions with those flags set (not counting extended completion) are
listed.
If the + flag is alone and followed immediately by the command list, the completion behavior for all
the commands in the list is reset to the default. In other words, completion will subsequently use
the options specified by the -D flag.
The form with -M as the first and only option defines global matching specifications (see zshcomp-wid). zshcompwid).
wid). The match specifications given will be used for every completion attempt (only when using com-pctl, compctl,
pctl, not with the new completion system) and are tried in the order in which they are defined until
one generates at least one match. E.g.:
compctl -M '' 'm:{a-zA-Z}={A-Za-z}'
This will first try completion without any global match specifications (the empty string) and, if
that generates no matches, will try case insensitive completion.
OPTION FLAGS
[ -fcFBdeaRGovNAIOPZEnbjrzu/12 ]
[ -k array ] [ -g globstring ] [ -s subststring ]
[ -K function ]
[ -Q ] [ -P prefix ] [ -S suffix ]
[ -W file-prefix ] [ -H num pattern ]
[ -q ] [ -X explanation ] [ -Y explanation ]
[ -y func-or-var ] [ -l cmd ] [ -h cmd ] [ -U ]
[ -t continue ] [ -J name ] [ -V name ]
[ -M match-spec ]
The remaining options specify the type of command arguments to look for during completion. Any com-bination combination
bination of these flags may be specified; the result is a sorted list of all the possibilities. The
options are as follows.
Simple Flags
These produce completion lists made up by the shell itself:
-f Filenames and filesystem paths.
-/ Just filesystem paths.
-c Command names, including aliases, shell functions, builtins and reserved words.
-F Function names.
-B Names of builtin commands.
-m Names of external commands.
-w Reserved words.
-a Alias names.
-R Names of regular (non-global) aliases.
-G Names of global aliases.
-d This can be combined with -F, -B, -w, -a, -R and -G to get names of disabled functions,
builtins, reserved words or aliases.
-e This option (to show enabled commands) is in effect by default, but may be combined with -d;
-de in combination with -F, -B, -w, -a, -R and -G will complete names of functions, builtins,
reserved words or aliases whether or not they are disabled.
-o Names of shell options (see zshoptions(1)).
-v Names of any variable defined in the shell.
-N Names of scalar (non-array) parameters.
-A Array names.
-I Names of integer variables.
-O Names of read-only variables.
-p Names of parameters used by the shell (including special parameters).
-Z Names of shell special parameters.
-E Names of environment variables.
-n Named directories.
-b Key binding names.
-j Job names: the first word of the job leader's command line. This is useful with the kill
builtin.
-r Names of running jobs.
-z Names of suspended jobs.
-u User names.
Flags with Arguments
These have user supplied arguments to determine how the list of completions is to be made up:
-k array
Names taken from the elements of $array (note that the `$' does not appear on the command
line). Alternatively, the argument array itself may be a set of space- or comma-separated
values in parentheses, in which any delimiter may be escaped with a backslash; in this case
the argument should be quoted. For example,
compctl -k "(cputime filesize datasize stacksize
coredumpsize resident descriptors)" limit
-g globstring
The globstring is expanded using filename globbing; it should be quoted to protect it from
immediate expansion. The resulting filenames are taken as the possible completions. Use
`*(/)' instead of `*/' for directories. The fignore special parameter is not applied to the
resulting files. More than one pattern may be given separated by blanks. (Note that brace
expansion is not part of globbing. Use the syntax `(either|or)' to match alternatives.)
-s subststring
The subststring is split into words and these words are than expanded using all shell expan-sion expansion
sion mechanisms (see zshexpn(1)). The resulting words are taken as possible completions. The
fignore special parameter is not applied to the resulting files. Note that -g is faster for
filenames.
-K function
Call the given function to get the completions. Unless the name starts with an underscore,
the function is passed two arguments: the prefix and the suffix of the word on which comple-tion completion
tion is to be attempted, in other words those characters before the cursor position, and those
from the cursor position onwards. The whole command line can be accessed with the -c and -l
flags of the read builtin. The function should set the variable reply to an array containing
the completions (one completion per element); note that reply should not be made local to the
function. From such a function the command line can be accessed with the -c and -l flags to
the read builtin. For example,
function whoson { reply=(`users`); }
compctl -K whoson talk
completes only logged-on users after `talk'. Note that `whoson' must return an array, so
`reply=`users`' would be incorrect.
-H num pattern
The possible completions are taken from the last num history lines. Only words matching pat-tern pattern
tern are taken. If num is zero or negative the whole history is searched and if pattern is
the empty string all words are taken (as with `*'). A typical use is
compctl -D -f + -H 0 ''
which forces completion to look back in the history list for a word if no filename matches.
Control Flags
These do not directly specify types of name to be completed, but manipulate the options that do:
-Q This instructs the shell not to quote any metacharacters in the possible completions. Nor-mally Normally
mally the results of a completion are inserted into the command line with any metacharacters
quoted so that they are interpreted as normal characters. This is appropriate for filenames
and ordinary strings. However, for special effects, such as inserting a backquoted expression
from a completion array (-k) so that the expression will not be evaluated until the complete
line is executed, this option must be used.
-P prefix
The prefix is inserted just before the completed string; any initial part already typed will
be completed and the whole prefix ignored for completion purposes. For example,
compctl -j -P "%" kill
inserts a `%' after the kill command and then completes job names.
-S suffix
When a completion is found the suffix is inserted after the completed string. In the case of
menu completion the suffix is inserted immediately, but it is still possible to cycle through
the list of completions by repeatedly hitting the same key.
-W file-prefix
With directory file-prefix: for command, file, directory and globbing completion (options -c,
-f, -/, -g), the file prefix is implicitly added in front of the completion. For example,
compctl -/ -W ~/Mail maildirs
completes any subdirectories to any depth beneath the directory ~/Mail, although that prefix
does not appear on the command line. The file-prefix may also be of the form accepted by the
-k flag, i.e. the name of an array or a literal list in parenthesis. In this case all the
directories in the list will be searched for possible completions.
-q If used with a suffix as specified by the -S option, this causes the suffix to be removed if
the next character typed is a blank or does not insert anything or if the suffix consists of
only one character and the next character typed is the same character; this the same rule used
for the AUTO_REMOVE_SLASH option. The option is most useful for list separators (comma,
colon, etc.).
-l cmd This option restricts the range of command line words that are considered to be arguments. If
combined with one of the extended completion patterns `p[...]', `r[...]', or `R[...]' (see
the section `Extended Completion' below) the range is restricted to the range of arguments
specified in the brackets. Completion is then performed as if these had been given as argu-ments arguments
ments to the cmd supplied with the option. If the cmd string is empty the first word in the
range is instead taken as the command name, and command name completion performed on the first
word in the range. For example,
compctl -x 'r[-exec,;]' -l '' -- find
completes arguments between `-exec' and the following `;' (or the end of the command line if
there is no such string) as if they were a separate command line.
-h cmd Normally zsh completes quoted strings as a whole. With this option, completion can be done
separately on different parts of such strings. It works like the -l option but makes the com-pletion completion
pletion code work on the parts of the current word that are separated by spaces. These parts
are completed as if they were arguments to the given cmd. If cmd is the empty string, the
first part is completed as a command name, as with -l.
-U Use the whole list of possible completions, whether or not they actually match the word on the
command line. The word typed so far will be deleted. This is most useful with a function
(given by the -K option) which can examine the word components passed to it (or via the read
builtin's -c and -l flags) and use its own criteria to decide what matches. If there is no
completion, the original word is retained. Since the produced possible completions seldom
have interesting common prefixes and suffixes, menu completion is started immediately if
AUTO_MENU is set and this flag is used.
-y func-or-var
The list provided by func-or-var is displayed instead of the list of completions whenever a
listing is required; the actual completions to be inserted are not affected. It can be pro-vided provided
vided in two ways. Firstly, if func-or-var begins with a $ it defines a variable, or if it
begins with a left parenthesis a literal array, which contains the list. A variable may have
been set by a call to a function using the -K option. Otherwise it contains the name of a
function which will be executed to create the list. The function will be passed as an argu-ment argument
ment list all matching completions, including prefixes and suffixes expanded in full, and
should set the array reply to the result. In both cases, the display list will only be
retrieved after a complete list of matches has been created.
Note that the returned list does not have to correspond, even in length, to the original set
of matches, and may be passed as a scalar instead of an array. No special formatting of char-acters characters
acters is performed on the output in this case; in particular, newlines are printed literally
and if they appear output in columns is suppressed.
-X explanation
Print explanation when trying completion on the current set of options. A `%n' in this string
is replaced by the number of matches that were added for this explanation string. The expla-nation explanation
nation only appears if completion was tried and there was no unique match, or when listing
completions. Explanation strings will be listed together with the matches of the group speci-fied specified
fied together with the -X option (using the -J or -V option). If the same explanation string
is given to multiple -X options, the string appears only once (for each group) and the number
of matches shown for the `%n' is the total number of all matches for each of these uses. In
any case, the explanation string will only be shown if there was at least one match added for
the explanation string.
The sequences %B, %b, %S, %s, %U, and %u specify output attributes (bold, standout, and under-line) underline)
line) and %{...%} can be used to include literal escape sequences as in prompts.
-Y explanation
Identical to -X, except that the explanation first undergoes expansion following the usual
rules for strings in double quotes. The expansion will be carried out after any functions are
called for the -K or -y options, allowing them to set variables.
-t continue
The continue-string contains a character that specifies which set of completion flags should
be used next. It is useful:
(i) With -T, or when trying a list of pattern completions, when compctl would usually continue
with ordinary processing after finding matches; this can be suppressed with `-tn'.
(ii) With a list of alternatives separated by +, when compctl would normally stop when one of
the alternatives generates matches. It can be forced to consider the next set of completions
by adding `-t+' to the flags of the alternative before the `+'.
(iii) In an extended completion list (see below), when compctl would normally continue until a
set of conditions succeeded, then use only the immediately following flags. With `-t-', com-pctl compctl
pctl will continue trying extended completions after the next `-'; with `-tx' it will attempt
completion with the default flags, in other words those before the `-x'.
-J name
This gives the name of the group the matches should be placed in. Groups are listed and sorted
separately; likewise, menu completion will offer the matches in the groups in the order in
which the groups were defined. If no group name is explicitly given, the matches are stored in
a group named default. The first time a group name is encountered, a group with that name is
created. After that all matches with the same group name are stored in that group.
This can be useful with non-exclusive alternative completions. For example, in
compctl -f -J files -t+ + -v -J variables foo
both files and variables are possible completions, as the -t+ forces both sets of alternatives
before and after the + to be considered at once. Because of the -J options, however, all
files are listed before all variables.
-V name
Like -J, but matches within the group will not be sorted in listings nor in menu completion.
These unsorted groups are in a different name space from the sorted ones, so groups defined as
-J files and -V files are distinct.
-1 If given together with the -V option, makes only consecutive duplicates in the group be
removed. Note that groups with and without this flag are in different name spaces.
-2 If given together with the -J or -V option, makes all duplicates be kept. Again, groups with
and without this flag are in different name spaces.
-M match-spec
This defines additional matching control specifications that should be used only when testing
words for the list of flags this flag appears in. The format of the match-spec string is
described in zshcompwid.
ALTERNATIVE COMPLETION
compctl [ -CDT ] options + options [ + ... ] [ + ] command ...
The form with `+' specifies alternative options. Completion is tried with the options before the
first `+'. If this produces no matches completion is tried with the flags after the `+' and so on. If
there are no flags after the last `+' and a match has not been found up to that point, default com-pletion completion
pletion is tried. If the list of flags contains a -t with a + character, the next list of flags is
used even if the current list produced matches.
Additional options are available that restrict completion to some part of the command line; this is
referred to as `extended completion'.
EXTENDED COMPLETION
compctl [ -CDT ] options -x pattern options - ... --[ -[
[ command ... ]
compctl [ -CDT ] options [ -x pattern options - ... -- ]
[ + options [ -x ... -- ] ... [+] ] [ command ... ]
The form with `-x' specifies extended completion for the commands given; as shown, it may be combined
with alternative completion using `+'. Each pattern is examined in turn; when a match is found, the
corresponding options, as described in the section `Option Flags' above, are used to generate possi-ble possible
ble completions. If no pattern matches, the options given before the -x are used.
Note that each pattern should be supplied as a single argument and should be quoted to prevent expan-sion expansion
sion of metacharacters by the shell.
A pattern is built of sub-patterns separated by commas; it matches if at least one of these sub-pat-terns sub-patterns
terns matches (they are `or'ed). These sub-patterns are in turn composed of other sub-patterns sepa-rated separated
rated by white spaces which match if all of the sub-patterns match (they are `and'ed). An element of
the sub-patterns is of the form `c[...][...]', where the pairs of brackets may be repeated as often
as necessary, and matches if any of the sets of brackets match (an `or'). The example below makes
this clearer.
The elements may be any of the following:
s[string]...
Matches if the current word on the command line starts with one of the strings given in brack-ets. brackets.
ets. The string is not removed and is not part of the completion.
S[string]...
Like s[string] except that the string is part of the completion.
p[from,to]...
Matches if the number of the current word is between one of the from and to pairs inclusive.
The comma and to are optional; to defaults to the same value as from. The numbers may be neg-ative: negative:
ative: -n refers to the n'th last word on the line.
c[offset,string]...
Matches if the string matches the word offset by offset from the current word position. Usu-ally Usually
ally offset will be negative.
C[offset,pattern]...
Like c but using pattern matching instead.
w[index,string]...
Matches if the word in position index is equal to the corresponding string. Note that the
word count is made after any alias expansion.
W[index,pattern]...
Like w but using pattern matching instead.
n[index,string]...
Matches if the current word contains string. Anything up to and including the indexth occur-rence occurrence
rence of this string will not be considered part of the completion, but the rest will. index
may be negative to count from the end: in most cases, index will be 1 or -1. For example,
compctl -s '`users`' -x 'n[1,@]' -k hosts -- talk
will usually complete usernames, but if you insert an @ after the name, names from the array
hosts (assumed to contain hostnames, though you must make the array yourself) will be com-pleted. completed.
pleted. Other commands such as rcp can be handled similarly.
N[index,string]...
Like n except that the string will be taken as a character class. Anything up to and includ-ing including
ing the indexth occurrence of any of the characters in string will not be considered part of
the completion.
m[min,max]...
Matches if the total number of words lies between min and max inclusive.
r[str1,str2]...
Matches if the cursor is after a word with prefix str1. If there is also a word with prefix
str2 on the command line after the one matched by str1 it matches only if the cursor is before
this word. If the comma and str2 are omitted, it matches if the cursor is after a word with
prefix str1.
R[str1,str2]...
Like r but using pattern matching instead.
q[str]...
Matches the word currently being completed is in single quotes and the str begins with the
letter `s', or if completion is done in double quotes and str starts with the letter `d', or
if completion is done in backticks and str starts with a `b'.
EXAMPLE
compctl -u -x 's[+] c[-1,-f],s[-f+]' \
-g '~/Mail/*(:t)' - 's[-f],c[-1,-f]' -f -- mail
This is to be interpreted as follows:
If the current command is mail, then
if ((the current word begins with + and the previous word is -f)
or (the current word begins with -f+)), then complete the
non-directory part (the `:t' glob modifier) of files in the directory
~/Mail; else
if the current word begins with -f or the previous word was -f, then
complete any file; else
complete user names.
zsh 4.3.4 April 19, 2006 ZSHCOMPCTL(1)
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