SLAPD.CONF(5) SLAPD.CONF(5)
NAME
slapd.conf - configuration file for slapd, the stand-alone LDAP daemon
SYNOPSIS
/etc/openldap/slapd.conf
DESCRIPTION
The file /etc/openldap/slapd.conf contains configuration information for the slapd(8) daemon. This
configuration file is also used by the slurpd(8) replication daemon and by the SLAPD tools sla-pacl(8), slapacl(8),
pacl(8), slapadd(8), slapauth(8), slapcat(8), slapdn(8), slapindex(8), and slaptest(8).
The slapd.conf file consists of a series of global configuration options that apply to slapd as a
whole (including all backends), followed by zero or more database backend definitions that contain
information specific to a backend instance. The configuration options are case-insensitive; their
value, on a case by case basis, may be case-sensitive.
The general format of slapd.conf is as follows:
# comment - these options apply to every database
<global configuration options>
# first database definition & configuration options
database <backend 1 type>
<configuration options specific to backend 1>
# subsequent database definitions & configuration options
...
As many backend-specific sections as desired may be included. Global options can be overridden in a
backend (for options that appear more than once, the last appearance in the slapd.conf file is used).
If a line begins with white space, it is considered a continuation of the previous line. Blank lines
and comment lines beginning with a `#' character are ignored. Note: continuation lines are unwrapped
before comment processing is applied.
Arguments on configuration lines are separated by white space. If an argument contains white space,
the argument should be enclosed in double quotes. If an argument contains a double quote (`"') or a
backslash character (`\'), the character should be preceded by a backslash character.
The specific configuration options available are discussed below in the Global Configuration Options,
General Backend Options, and General Database Options. Backend-specific options are discussed in the
slapd-<backend>(5) manual pages. Refer to the "OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide" for more details on
the slapd configuration file.
GLOBAL CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
Options described in this section apply to all backends, unless specifically overridden in a backend
definition. Arguments that should be replaced by actual text are shown in brackets <>.
access to <what> [ by <who> <access> <control> ]+
Grant access (specified by <access>) to a set of entries and/or attributes (specified by
<what>) by one or more requestors (specified by <who>). If no access controls are present,
the default policy allows anyone and everyone to read anything but restricts updates to
rootdn. (e.g., "access to * by * read"). The rootdn can always read and write EVERYTHING!
See slapd.access(5) and the "OpenLDAP's Administrator's Guide" for details.
allow <features>
Specify a set of features (separated by white space) to allow (default none). bind_v2 allows
acceptance of LDAPv2 bind requests. Note that slapd(8) does not truly implement LDAPv2 (RFC
1777), now Historic (RFC 3494). bind_anon_cred allows anonymous bind when credentials are not
empty (e.g. when DN is empty). bind_anon_dn allows unauthenticated (anonymous) bind when DN
is not empty. update_anon allows unauthenticated (anonymous) update operations to be pro-cessed processed
cessed (subject to access controls and other administrative limits).
argsfile <filename>
The ( absolute ) name of a file that will hold the slapd server's command line options if
started without the debugging command line option.
attributeoptions [option-name]...
Define tagging attribute options or option tag/range prefixes. Options must not end with `-',
prefixes must end with `-'. The `lang-' prefix is predefined. If you use the attributeop-tions attributeoptions
tions directive, `lang-' will no longer be defined and you must specify it explicitly if you
want it defined.
An attribute description with a tagging option is a subtype of that attribute description
without the option. Except for that, options defined this way have no special semantics.
Prefixes defined this way work like the `lang-' options: They define a prefix for tagging
options starting with the prefix. That is, if you define the prefix `x-foo-', you can use the
option `x-foo-bar'. Furthermore, in a search or compare, a prefix or range name (with a
trailing `-') matches all options starting with that name, as well as the option with the
range name sans the trailing `-'. That is, `x-foo-bar-' matches `x-foo-bar' and `x-foo-bar-baz'. `x-foo-barbaz'.
baz'.
RFC 4520 reserves options beginning with `x-' for private experiments. Other options should
be registered with IANA, see RFC 4520 section 3.5. OpenLDAP also has the `binary' option
built in, but this is a transfer option, not a tagging option.
attributetype ( <oid> [NAME <name>] [DESC <description>] [OBSOLETE] [SUP <oid>] [EQUALITY <oid>]
[ORDERING <oid>] [SUBSTR <oid>] [SYNTAX <oidlen>] [SINGLE-VALUE] [COLLECTIVE]
[NO-USER-MODIFICATION] [USAGE <attributeUsage>] )
Specify an attribute type using the LDAPv3 syntax defined in RFC 4512. The slapd parser
extends the RFC 4512 definition by allowing string forms as well as numeric OIDs to be used
for the attribute OID and attribute syntax OID. (See the objectidentifier description.)
authz-policy <policy>
Used to specify which rules to use for Proxy Authorization. Proxy authorization allows a
client to authenticate to the server using one user's credentials, but specify a different
identity to use for authorization and access control purposes. It essentially allows user A to
login as user B, using user A's password. The none flag disables proxy authorization. This is
the default setting. The from flag will use rules in the authzFrom attribute of the
authorization DN. The to flag will use rules in the authzTo attribute of the authentication
DN. The any flag, an alias for the deprecated value of both, will allow any of the above,
whatever succeeds first (checked in to, from sequence. The all flag requires both
authorizations to succeed.
The rules are mechanisms to specify which identities are allowed to perform proxy
authorization. The authzFrom attribute in an entry specifies which other users are allowed to
proxy login to this entry. The authzTo attribute in an entry specifies which other users this
user can authorize as. Use of authzTo rules can be easily abused if users are allowed to
write arbitrary values to this attribute. In general the authzTo attribute must be protected
with ACLs such that only privileged users can modify it. The value of authzFrom and authzTo
describes an identity or a set of identities; it can take three forms:
ldap:///<base>??[<scope>]?<filter>
dn[.<dnstyle>]:<pattern>
u[<mech>[<realm>]]:<pattern>
group[/objectClass[/attributeType]]:<pattern>
<pattern>
<dnstyle>:={exact|onelevel|children|subtree|regex}
The first form is a valid LDAP URI where the <host>:<port>, the <attrs> and the <extensions>
portions must be absent, so that the search occurs locally on either authzFrom or authzTo.
The second form is a DN, with the optional style modifiers exact, onelevel, children, and
subtree for exact, onelevel, children and subtree matches, which cause <pattern> to be
normalized according to the DN normalization rules, or the special regex style, which causes
the <pattern> to be treated as a POSIX (''extended'') regular expression, as discussed in
regex(7) and/or re_format(7). A pattern of * means any non-anonymous DN. The third form is a
SASL id, with the optional fields <mech> and <realm> that allow to specify a SASL mechanism,
and eventually a SASL realm, for those mechanisms that support one. The need to allow the
specification of a mechanism is still debated, and users are strongly discouraged to rely on
this possibility. The fourth form is a group specification, consisting of the keyword group,
optionally followed by the specification of the group objectClass and member attributeType.
The group with DN <pattern> is searched with base scope, and in case of match, the values of
the member attributeType are searched for the asserted DN. For backwards compatibility, if no
identity type is provided, i.e. only <pattern> is present, an exact DN is assumed; as a
consequence, <pattern> is subjected to DN normalization. Since the interpretation of
authzFrom and authzTo can impact security, users are strongly encouraged to explicitly set the
type of identity specification that is being used. A subset of these rules can be used as
third arg in the authz-regexp statement (see below); significantly, the URI and the
dn.exact:<dn> forms.
authz-regexp <match> <replace>
Used by the authentication framework to convert simple user names, such as provided by SASL
subsystem, to an LDAP DN used for authorization purposes. Note that the resultant DN need not
refer to an existing entry to be considered valid. When an authorization request is received
from the SASL subsystem, the SASL USERNAME, REALM, and MECHANISM are taken, when available,
and combined into a name of the form
UID=<username>[[,CN=<realm>],CN=<mechanism>],CN=auth
This name is then compared against the match POSIX (''extended'') regular expression, and if
the match is successful, the name is replaced with the replace string. If there are wildcard
strings in the match regular expression that are enclosed in parenthesis, e.g.
UID=([^,]*),CN=.*
then the portion of the name that matched the wildcard will be stored in the numbered
placeholder variable $1. If there are other wildcard strings in parenthesis, the matching
strings will be in $2, $3, etc. up to $9. The placeholders can then be used in the replace
string, e.g.
UID=$1,OU=Accounts,DC=example,DC=com
The replaced name can be either a DN, i.e. a string prefixed by "dn:", or an LDAP URI. If the
latter, the server will use the URI to search its own database(s) and, if the search returns
exactly one entry, the name is replaced by the DN of that entry. The LDAP URI must have no
hostport, attrs, or extensions components, but the filter is mandatory, e.g.
ldap:///OU=Accounts,DC=example,DC=com??one?(UID=$1)
The protocol portion of the URI must be strictly ldap. Note that this search is subject to
access controls. Specifically, the authentication identity must have "auth" access in the
subject.
Multiple authz-regexp options can be given in the configuration file to allow for multiple
matching and replacement patterns. The matching patterns are checked in the order they appear
in the file, stopping at the first successful match.
concurrency <integer>
Specify a desired level of concurrency. Provided to the underlying thread system as a hint.
The default is not to provide any hint.
conn_max_pending <integer>
Specify the maximum number of pending requests for an anonymous session. If requests are
submitted faster than the server can process them, they will be queued up to this limit. If
the limit is exceeded, the session is closed. The default is 100.
conn_max_pending_auth <integer>
Specify the maximum number of pending requests for an authenticated session. The default is
1000.
defaultsearchbase <dn>
Specify a default search base to use when client submits a non-base search request with an
empty base DN. Base scoped search requests with an empty base DN are not affected.
disallow <features>
Specify a set of features (separated by white space) to disallow (default none). bind_anon
disables acceptance of anonymous bind requests. Note that this setting does not prohibit
anonymous directory access (See "require authc"). bind_simple disables simple (bind)
authentication. tls_2_anon disables forcing session to anonymous status (see also
tls_authc)uponStartTLSoperationreceipt. tls_authc dissallow the StartTLS operation if
authenticated (see also tls_2_anon).
ditcontentrule ( <oid> [NAME <name>] [DESC <description>] [OBSOLETE] [AUX <oids>] [MUST <oids>]
[MAY <oids>] [NOT <oids>] )
Specify an DIT Content Rule using the LDAPv3 syntax defined in RFC 4512. The slapd parser
extends the RFC 4512 definition by allowing string forms as well as numeric OIDs to be used
for the attribute OID and attribute syntax OID. (See the objectidentifier description.)
gentlehup { on | off }
A SIGHUP signal will only cause a 'gentle' shutdown-attempt: Slapd will stop listening for new
connections, but will not close the connections to the current clients. Future write
operations return unwilling-to-perform, though. Slapd terminates when all clients have closed
their connections (if they ever do), or - as before - if it receives a SIGTERM signal. This
can be useful if you wish to terminate the server and start a new slapd server with another
database, without disrupting the currently active clients. The default is off. You may wish
to use idletimeout along with this option.
idletimeout <integer>
Specify the number of seconds to wait before forcibly closing an idle client connection. A
idletimeout of 0 disables this feature. The default is 0.
include <filename>
Read additional configuration information from the given file before continuing with the next
line of the current file.
index_substr_if_minlen <integer>
Specify the minimum length for subinitial and subfinal indices. An attribute value must have
at least this many characters in order to be processed by the indexing functions. The default
is 2.
index_substr_if_maxlen <integer>
Specify the maximum length for subinitial and subfinal indices. Only this many characters of
an attribute value will be processed by the indexing functions; any excess characters are
ignored. The default is 4.
index_substr_any_len <integer>
Specify the length used for subany indices. An attribute value must have at least this many
characters in order to be processed. Attribute values longer than this length will be
processed in segments of this length. The default is 4. The subany index will also be used in
subinitial and subfinal index lookups when the filter string is longer than the
index_substr_if_maxlen value.
index_substr_any_step <integer>
Specify the steps used in subany index lookups. This value sets the offset for the segments of
a filter string that are processed for a subany index lookup. The default is 2. For example,
with the default values, a search using this filter "cn=*abcdefgh*" would generate index
lookups for "abcd", "cdef", and "efgh".
localSSF <SSF>
Specifies the Security Strength Factor (SSF) to be given local LDAP sessions, such as those to
the ldapi:// listener. For a description of SSF values, see sasl-secprops's minssf option
description. The default is 71.
loglevel <integer> [...]
Specify the level at which debugging statements and operation statistics should be syslogged
(currently logged to the syslogd(8) LOG_LOCAL4 facility). They must be considered subsystems
rather than increasingly verbose log levels. Some messages with higher priority are logged
regardless of the configured loglevel as soon as some logging is configured, otherwise
anything is logged at all. Log levels are additive, and available levels are:
1 (0x1 trace) trace function calls
2 (0x2 packet) debug packet handling
4 (0x4 args) heavy trace debugging (function args)
8 (0x8 conns) connection management
16 (0x10 BER) print out packets sent and received
32 (0x20 filter) search filter processing
64 (0x40 config) configuration file processing
128 (0x80 ACL) access control list processing
256 (0x100 stats) stats log connections/operations/results
512 (0x200 stats2) stats log entries sent
1024 (0x400 shell) print communication with shell backends
2048 (0x800 parse) entry parsing
4096 (0x1000 cache) caching (unused)
8192 (0x2000 index) data indexing (unused)
16384 (0x4000 sync) LDAPSync replication
32768 (0x8000 none) only messages that get logged whatever log level is set
The desired log level can be input as a single integer that combines the (ORed) desired
levels, both in decimal or in hexadecimal notation, as a list of integers (that are ORed
internally), or as a list of the names that are shown between brackets, such that
loglevel 129
loglevel 0x81
loglevel 128 1
loglevel 0x80 0x1
loglevel acl trace
are equivalent. The keyword any can be used as a shortcut to enable logging at all levels
(equivalent to -1). The keyword none, or the equivalent integer representation, causes those
messages that are logged regardless of the configured loglevel to be logged. In fact, if no
loglevel (or a 0 level) is defined, no logging occurs, so at least the none level is required
to have high priority messages logged.
moduleload <filename>
Specify the name of a dynamically loadable module to load. The filename may be an absolute
path name or a simple filename. Non-absolute names are searched for in the directories
specified by the modulepath option. This option and the modulepath option are only usable if
slapd was compiled with --enable-modules.
modulepath <pathspec>
Specify a list of directories to search for loadable modules. Typically the path is colon-separated colonseparated
separated but this depends on the operating system.
objectclass ( <oid> [NAME <name>] [DESC <description>] [OBSOLETE] [SUP <oids>] [{ ABSTRACT |
STRUCTURAL | AUXILIARY }] [MUST <oids>] [MAY <oids>] )
Specify an objectclass using the LDAPv3 syntax defined in RFC 4512. The slapd parser extends
the RFC 4512 definition by allowing string forms as well as numeric OIDs to be used for the
object class OID. (See the objectidentifier description.) Object classes are "STRUCTURAL" by
default.
objectidentifier <name> { <oid> | <name>[:<suffix>] }
Define a string name that equates to the given OID. The string can be used in place of the
numeric OID in objectclass and attribute definitions. The name can also be used with a suffix
of the form ":xx" in which case the value "oid.xx" will be used.
password-hash <hash> [<hash>...]
This option configures one or more hashes to be used in generation of user passwords stored in
the userPassword attribute during processing of LDAP Password Modify Extended Operations (RFC
3062). The <hash> must be one of {SSHA}, {SHA}, {SMD5}, {MD5}, {CRYPT}, and {CLEARTEXT}. The
default is {SSHA}.
{SHA} and {SSHA} use the SHA-1 algorithm (FIPS 160-1), the latter with a seed.
{MD5} and {SMD5} use the MD5 algorithm (RFC 1321), the latter with a seed.
{CRYPT} uses the crypt(3).
{CLEARTEXT} indicates that the new password should be added to userPassword as clear text.
Note that this option does not alter the normal user applications handling of userPassword
during LDAP Add, Modify, or other LDAP operations.
password-crypt-salt-format <format>
Specify the format of the salt passed to crypt(3) when generating {CRYPT} passwords (see
password-hash) during processing of LDAP Password Modify Extended Operations (RFC 3062).
This string needs to be in sprintf(3) format and may include one (and only one) %s conversion.
This conversion will be substituted with a string of random characters from [A-Za-z0-9./].
For example, "%.2s" provides a two character salt and "$1$%.8s" tells some versions of
crypt(3) to use an MD5 algorithm and provides 8 random characters of salt. The default is
"%s", which provides 31 characters of salt.
pidfile <filename>
The ( absolute ) name of a file that will hold the slapd server's process ID ( see getpid(2) )
if started without the debugging command line option.
referral <url>
Specify the referral to pass back when slapd(8) cannot find a local database to handle a
request. If specified multiple times, each url is provided.
replica-argsfile
The ( absolute ) name of a file that will hold the slurpd server's command line options if
started without the debugging command line option.
replica-pidfile
The ( absolute ) name of a file that will hold the slurpd server's process ID ( see getpid(2)
) if started without the debugging command line option.
replicationinterval
The number of seconds slurpd waits before checking the replogfile for changes.
require <conditions>
Specify a set of conditions (separated by white space) to require (default none). The
directive may be specified globally and/or per-database; databases inherit global conditions,
so per-database specifications are additive. bind requires bind operation prior to directory
operations. LDAPv3 requires session to be using LDAP version 3. authc requires
authentication prior to directory operations. SASL requires SASL authentication prior to
directory operations. strong requires strong authentication prior to directory operations.
The strong keyword allows protected "simple" authentication as well as SASL authentication.
none may be used to require no conditions (useful to clear out globally set conditions within
a particular database); it must occur first in the list of conditions.
reverse-lookup on | off
Enable/disable client name unverified reverse lookup (default is off if compiled with
--enable-rlookups).
rootDSE <file>
Specify the name of an LDIF(5) file containing user defined attributes for the root DSE.
These attributes are returned in addition to the attributes normally produced by slapd.
sasl-host <fqdn>
Used to specify the fully qualified domain name used for SASL processing.
sasl-realm <realm>
Specify SASL realm. Default is empty.
sasl-secprops <properties>
Used to specify Cyrus SASL security properties. The none flag (without any other properties)
causes the flag properties default, "noanonymous,noplain", to be cleared. The noplain flag
disables mechanisms susceptible to simple passive attacks. The noactive flag disables
mechanisms susceptible to active attacks. The nodict flag disables mechanisms susceptible to
passive dictionary attacks. The noanonymous flag disables mechanisms which support anonymous
login. The forwardsec flag require forward secrecy between sessions. The passcred require
mechanisms which pass client credentials (and allow mechanisms which can pass credentials to
do so). The minssf=<factor> property specifies the minimum acceptable security strength
factor as an integer approximate to effective key length used for encryption. 0 (zero)
implies no protection, 1 implies integrity protection only, 56 allows DES or other weak
ciphers, 112 allows triple DES and other strong ciphers, 128 allows RC4, Blowfish and other
modern strong ciphers. The default is 0. The maxssf=<factor> property specifies the maximum
acceptable security strength factor as an integer (see minssf description). The default is
INT_MAX. The maxbufsize=<size> property specifies the maximum security layer receive buffer
size allowed. 0 disables security layers. The default is 65536.
schemadn <dn>
Specify the distinguished name for the subschema subentry that controls the entries on this
server. The default is "cn=Subschema".
security <factors>
Specify a set of security strength factors (separated by white space) to require (see sasl-secprops's saslsecprops's
secprops's minssf option for a description of security strength factors). The directive may
be specified globally and/or per-database. ssf=<n> specifies the overall security strength
factor. transport=<n> specifies the transport security strength factor. tls=<n> specifies
the TLS security strength factor. sasl=<n> specifies the SASL security strength factor.
update_ssf=<n> specifies the overall security strength factor to require for directory
updates. update_transport=<n> specifies the transport security strength factor to require for
directory updates. update_tls=<n> specifies the TLS security strength factor to require for
directory updates. update_sasl=<n> specifies the SASL security strength factor to require for
directory updates. simple_bind=<n> specifies the security strength factor required for simple
username/password authentication. Note that the transport factor is measure of security
provided by the underlying transport, e.g. ldapi:// (and eventually IPSEC). It is not
normally used.
sizelimit {<integer>|unlimited}
sizelimit size[.{soft|hard|unchecked}]=<integer> [...]
Specify the maximum number of entries to return from a search operation. The default size
limit is 500. Use unlimited to specify no limits. The second format allows a fine grain
setting of the size limits. Extra args can be added on the same line. See limits for an
explanation of the different flags.
sockbuf_max_incoming <integer>
Specify the maximum incoming LDAP PDU size for anonymous sessions. The default is 262143.
sockbuf_max_incoming_auth <integer>
Specify the maximum incoming LDAP PDU size for authenticated sessions. The default is
4194303.
threads <integer>
Specify the maximum size of the primary thread pool. The default is 16; the minimum value is
2.
timelimit {<integer>|unlimited}
timelimit time[.{soft|hard}]=<integer> [...]
Specify the maximum number of seconds (in real time) slapd will spend answering a search
request. The default time limit is 3600. Use unlimited to specify no limits. The second
format allows a fine grain setting of the time limits. Extra args can be added on the same
line. See limits for an explanation of the different flags.
tool-threads <integer>
Specify the maximum number of threads to use in tool mode. This should not be greater than
the number of CPUs in the system. The default is 1.
TLS OPTIONS
If slapd is built with support for Transport Layer Security, there are more options you can specify.
TLSCipherSuite <cipher-suite-spec>
Permits configuring what ciphers will be accepted and the preference order. <cipher-suite-
spec> should be a cipher specification for OpenSSL. Example:
TLSCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:+SSLv2
To check what ciphers a given spec selects, use:
openssl ciphers -v <cipher-suite-spec>
TLSCACertificateFile <filename>
Specifies the file that contains certificates for all of the Certificate Authorities that
slapd will recognize.
TLSCACertificatePath <path>
Specifies the path of a directory that contains Certificate Authority certificates in separate
individual files. Usually only one of this or the TLSCACertificateFile is used.
TLSCertificateFile <filename>
Specifies the file that contains the slapd server certificate.
TLSCertificateKeyFile <filename>
Specifies the file that contains the slapd server private key that matches the certificate
stored in the TLSCertificateFile file. Currently, the private key must not be protected with
a password, so it is of critical importance that it is protected carefully.
TLSDHParamFile <filename>
This directive specifies the file that contains parameters for Diffie-Hellman ephemeral key
exchange. This is required in order to use a DSA certificate on the server. If multiple sets
of parameters are present in the file, all of them will be processed. Note that setting this
option may also enable Anonymous Diffie-Hellman key exchanges in certain non-default cipher
suites. You should append "!ADH" to your cipher suites if you have changed them from the
default, otherwise no certificate exchanges or verification will be done.
TLSRandFile <filename>
Specifies the file to obtain random bits from when /dev/[u]random is not available. Generally
set to the name of the EGD/PRNGD socket. The environment variable RANDFILE can also be used
to specify the filename.
TLSVerifyClient <level>
Specifies what checks to perform on client certificates in an incoming TLS session, if any.
The <level> can be specified as one of the following keywords:
never This is the default. slapd will not ask the client for a certificate.
allow The client certificate is requested. If no certificate is provided, the session
proceeds normally. If a bad certificate is provided, it will be ignored and the
session proceeds normally.
try The client certificate is requested. If no certificate is provided, the session
proceeds normally. If a bad certificate is provided, the session is immediately
terminated.
demand | hard | true
These keywords are all equivalent, for compatibility reasons. The client certificate
is requested. If no certificate is provided, or a bad certificate is provided, the
session is immediately terminated.
Note that a valid client certificate is required in order to use the SASL EXTERNAL
authentication mechanism with a TLS session. As such, a non-default TLSVerifyClient
setting must be chosen to enable SASL EXTERNAL authentication.
TLSCRLCheck <level>
Specifies if the Certificate Revocation List (CRL) of the CA should be used to verify if the
client certificates have not been revoked. This requires TLSCACertificatePath parameter to be
set. <level> can be specified as one of the following keywords:
none No CRL checks are performed
peer Check the CRL of the peer certificate
all Check the CRL for a whole certificate chain
GENERAL BACKEND OPTIONS
Options in this section only apply to the configuration file section for the specified backend. They
are supported by every type of backend.
backend <databasetype>
Mark the beginning of a backend definition. <databasetype> should be one of bdb, config,
dnssrv, hdb, ldap, ldbm, ldif, meta, monitor, null, passwd, perl, relay, shell, or sql,
depending on which backend will serve the database.
GENERAL DATABASE OPTIONS
Options in this section only apply to the configuration file section for the database in which they
are defined. They are supported by every type of backend. Note that the database and at least one
suffix option are mandatory for each database.
database <databasetype>
Mark the beginning of a new database instance definition. <databasetype> should be one of bdb,
config, dnssrv, hdb, ldap, ldbm, ldif, meta, monitor, null, passwd, perl, relay, shell, or
sql, depending on which backend will serve the database.
lastmod on | off
Controls whether slapd will automatically maintain the modifiersName, modifyTimestamp,
creatorsName, and createTimestamp attributes for entries. It also controls the entryCSN and
entryUUID attributes, which are needed by the syncrepl provider. By default, lastmod is on.
limits <who> <limit> [<limit> [...]]
Specify time and size limits based on who initiated an operation. The argument who can be any
of
anonymous | users | [dn[.<style>]=]<pattern> | group[/oc[/at]]=<pattern>
with
<style> ::= exact | base | onelevel | subtree | children | regex | anonymous
The term anonymous matches all unauthenticated clients. The term users matches all
authenticated clients; otherwise an exact dn pattern is assumed unless otherwise specified by
qualifying the (optional) key string dn with exact or base (which are synonyms), to require an
exact match; with onelevel, to require exactly one level of depth match; with subtree, to
allow any level of depth match, including the exact match; with children, to allow any level
of depth match, not including the exact match; regex explicitly requires the (default) match
based on POSIX (''extended'') regular expression pattern. Finally, anonymous matches unbound
operations; the pattern field is ignored. The same behavior is obtained by using the
anonymous form of the who clause. The term group, with the optional objectClass oc and
attributeType at fields, followed by pattern, sets the limits for any DN listed in the values
of the at attribute (default member) of the oc group objectClass (default groupOfNames) whose
DN exactly matches pattern.
The currently supported limits are size and time.
The syntax for time limits is time[.{soft|hard}]=<integer>, where integer is the number of
seconds slapd will spend answering a search request. If no time limit is explicitly requested
by the client, the soft limit is used; if the requested time limit exceeds the hard limit, the
value of the limit is used instead. If the hard limit is set to the keyword soft, the soft
limit is used in either case; if it is set to the keyword unlimited, no hard limit is
enforced. Explicit requests for time limits smaller or equal to the hard limit are honored.
If no limit specifier is set, the value is assigned to the soft limit, and the hard limit is
set to soft, to preserve the original behavior.
The syntax for size limits is size[.{soft|hard|unchecked}]=<integer>, where integer is the
maximum number of entries slapd will return answering a search request. If no size limit is
explicitly requested by the client, the soft limit is used; if the requested size limit
exceeds the hard limit, the value of the limit is used instead. If the hard limit is set to
the keyword soft, the soft limit is used in either case; if it is set to the keyword
unlimited, no hard limit is enforced. Explicit requests for size limits smaller or equal to
the hard limit are honored. The unchecked specifier sets a limit on the number of candidates
a search request is allowed to examine. The rationale behind it is that searches for non-properly nonproperly
properly indexed attributes may result in large sets of candidates, which must be examined by
slapd(8) to determine whether they match the search filter or not. The unchecked limit
provides a means to drop such operations before they are even started. If the selected
candidates exceed the unchecked limit, the search will abort with Unwilling to perform. If it
is set to the keyword unlimited, no limit is applied (the default). If it is set to disable,
the search is not even performed; this can be used to disallow searches for a specific set of
users. If no limit specifier is set, the value is assigned to the soft limit, and the hard
limit is set to soft, to preserve the original behavior.
In case of no match, the global limits are used. The default values are the same of sizelimit
and timelimit; no limit is set on unchecked.
If pagedResults control is requested, the hard size limit is used by default, because the
request of a specific page size is considered an explicit request for a limitation on the
number of entries to be returned. However, the size limit applies to the total count of
entries returned within the search, and not to a single page. Additional size limits may be
enforced; the syntax is size.pr={<integer>|noEstimate|unlimited}, where integer is the max
page size if no explicit limit is set; the keyword noEstimate inhibits the server from
returning an estimate of the total number of entries that might be returned (note: the current
implementation does not return any estimate). The keyword unlimited indicates that no limit
is applied to the pagedResults control page size. The syntax
size.prtotal={<integer>|unlimited|disabled} allows to set a limit on the total number of
entries that a pagedResults control allows to return. By default it is set to the hard limit.
When set, integer is the max number of entries that the whole search with pagedResults control
can return. Use unlimited to allow unlimited number of entries to be returned, e.g. to allow
the use of the pagedResults control as a means to circumvent size limitations on regular
searches; the keyword disabled disables the control, i.e. no paged results can be returned.
Note that the total number of entries returned when the pagedResults control is requested
cannot exceed the hard size limit of regular searches unless extended by the prtotal switch.
maxderefdepth <depth>
Specifies the maximum number of aliases to dereference when trying to resolve an entry, used
to avoid infinite alias loops. The default is 1.
overlay <overlay-name>
Add the specified overlay to this database. An overlay is a piece of code that intercepts
database operations in order to extend or change them. Overlays are pushed onto a stack over
the database, and so they will execute in the reverse of the order in which they were
configured and the database itself will receive control last of all.
readonly on | off
This option puts the database into "read-only" mode. Any attempts to modify the database will
return an "unwilling to perform" error. By default, readonly is off.
replica uri=ldap[s]://<hostname>[:port]|host=<hostname>[:port] [starttls=yes|critical]
[suffix=<suffix> [...]] bindmethod=simple|sasl [binddn=<simple DN>] [credentials=<simple
password>] [saslmech=<SASL mech>] [secprops=<properties>] [realm=<realm>]
[authcId=<authentication ID>] [authzId=<authorization ID>] [attr[!]=<attr list>]
Specify a replication site for this database. Refer to the "OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide"
for detailed information on setting up a replicated slapd directory service. Zero or more
suffix instances can be used to select the subtrees that will be replicated (defaults to all
the database). host is deprecated in favor of the uri option. uri allows the replica LDAP
server to be specified as an LDAP URI. A bindmethod of simple requires the options binddn and
credentials and should only be used when adequate security services (e.g TLS or IPSEC) are in
place. A bindmethod of sasl requires the option saslmech. Specific security properties (as
with the sasl-secprops keyword above) for a SASL bind can be set with the secprops option. A
non-default SASL realm can be set with the realm option. If the mechanism will use Kerberos,
a kerberos instance should be given in authcId. An attr list can be given after the attr
keyword to allow the selective replication of the listed attributes only; if the optional !
mark is used, the list is considered exclusive, i.e. the listed attributes are not replicated.
If an objectClass is listed, all the related attributes are (are not) replicated.
replogfile <filename>
Specify the name of the replication log file to log changes to. The replication log is
typically written by slapd(8) and read by slurpd(8). See slapd.replog(5) for more
information. The specified file should be located in a directory with limited
read/write/execute access as the replication logs may contain sensitive information.
restrict <oplist>
Specify a whitespace separated list of operations that are restricted. If defined inside a
database specification, restrictions apply only to that database, otherwise they are global.
Operations can be any of add, bind, compare, delete, extended[=<OID>], modify, rename, search,
or the special pseudo-operations read and write, which respectively summarize read and write
operations. The use of restrict write is equivalent to readonly on (see above). The extended
keyword allows to indicate the OID of the specific operation to be restricted.
rootdn <dn>
Specify the distinguished name that is not subject to access control or administrative limit
restrictions for operations on this database. This DN may or may not be associated with an
entry. An empty root DN (the default) specifies no root access is to be granted. It is
recommended that the rootdn only be specified when needed (such as when initially populating a
database). If the rootdn is within a namingContext (suffix) of the database, a simple bind
password may also be provided using the rootpw directive. Note that the rootdn is always
needed when using syncrepl.
rootpw <password>
Specify a password (or hash of the password) for the rootdn. The password can only be set if
the rootdn is within the namingContext (suffix) of the database. This option accepts all RFC
2307 userPassword formats known to the server (see password-hash description) as well as
cleartext. slappasswd(8) may be used to generate a hash of a password. Cleartext and {CRYPT}
passwords are not recommended. If empty (the default), authentication of the root DN is by
other means (e.g. SASL). Use of SASL is encouraged.
suffix <dn suffix>
Specify the DN suffix of queries that will be passed to this backend database. Multiple
suffix lines can be given and at least one is required for each database definition. If the
suffix of one database is "inside" that of another, the database with the inner suffix must
come first in the configuration file.
subordinate [advertise]
Specify that the current backend database is a subordinate of another backend database. A
subordinate database may have only one suffix. This option may be used to glue multiple
databases into a single namingContext. If the suffix of the current database is within the
namingContext of a superior database, searches against the superior database will be
propagated to the subordinate as well. All of the databases associated with a single
namingContext should have identical rootdns. Behavior of other LDAP operations is unaffected
by this setting. In particular, it is not possible to use moddn to move an entry from one
subordinate to another subordinate within the namingContext.
If the optional advertise flag is supplied, the naming context of this database is advertised
in the root DSE. The default is to hide this database context, so that only the superior
context is visible.
If the slap tools slapcat(8), slapadd(8), or slapindex(8) are used on the superior database,
any glued subordinates that support these tools are opened as well.
Databases that are glued together should usually be configured with the same indices (assuming
they support indexing), even for attributes that only exist in some of these databases. In
general, all of the glued databases should be configured as similarly as possible, since the
intent is to provide the appearance of a single directory.
Note that the subordinate functionality is implemented internally by the glue overlay and as
such its behavior will interact with other overlays in use. By default, the glue overlay is
automatically configured as the last overlay on the superior backend. Its position on the
backend can be explicitly configured by setting an overlay glue directive at the desired
position. This explicit configuration is necessary e.g. when using the syncprov overlay,
which needs to follow glue in order to work over all of the glued databases. E.g.
database bdb
suffix dc=example,dc=com
...
overlay glue
overlay syncprov
syncrepl rid=<replica ID> provider=ldap[s]://<hostname>[:port] [type=refreshOnly|refreshAndPersist]
[interval=dd:hh:mm:ss] [retry=[<retry interval> <# of retries>]+] [searchbase=<base DN>]
[filter=<filter str>] [scope=sub|one|base] [attrs=<attr list>] [attrsonly] [sizelimit=<limit>]
[timelimit=<limit>] [schemachecking=on|off] [starttls=yes|critical] [bindmethod=simple|sasl]
[binddn=<dn>] [saslmech=<mech>] [authcid=<identity>] [authzid=<identity>]
[credentials=<passwd>] [realm=<realm>] [secprops=<properties>] [logbase=<base DN>]
[logfilter=<filter str>] [syncdata=default|accesslog|changelog]
Specify the current database as a replica which is kept up-to-date with the master content by
establishing the current slapd(8) as a replication consumer site running a syncrepl
replication engine. The replica content is kept synchronized to the master content using the
LDAP Content Synchronization protocol. Refer to the "OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide" for
detailed information on setting up a replicated slapd directory service using the syncrepl
replication engine. rid identifies the current syncrepl directive within the replication
consumer site. It is a non-negative integer having no more than three digits. provider
specifies the replication provider site containing the master content as an LDAP URI. If
<port> is not given, the standard LDAP port number (389 or 636) is used. The content of the
syncrepl replica is defined using a search specification as its result set. The consumer slapd
will send search requests to the provider slapd according to the search specification. The
search specification includes searchbase, scope, filter, attrs, attrsonly, sizelimit, and
timelimit parameters as in the normal search specification. The scope defaults to sub, the
filter defaults to (objectclass=*), and there is no default searchbase. The attrs list
defaults to "*,+" to return all user and operational attributes, and attrsonly is unset by
default. The sizelimit and timelimit only accept "unlimited" and positive integers, and both
default to "unlimited". The LDAP Content Synchronization protocol has two operation types.
In the refreshOnly operation, the next synchronization search operation is periodically
rescheduled at an interval time (specified by interval parameter; 1 day by default) after each
synchronization operation finishes. In the refreshAndPersist operation, a synchronization
search remains persistent in the provider slapd. Further updates to the master replica will
generate searchResultEntry to the consumer slapd as the search responses to the persistent
synchronization search. If an error occurs during replication, the consumer will attempt to
reconnect according to the retry parameter which is a list of the <retry interval> and <# of
retries> pairs. For example, retry="60 10 300 3" lets the consumer retry every 60 seconds for
the first 10 times and then retry every 300 seconds for the next 3 times before stop retrying.
The `+' in <# of retries> means indefinite number of retries until success. The schema
checking can be enforced at the LDAP Sync consumer site by turning on the schemachecking
parameter. The default is off. The starttls parameter specifies use of the StartTLS extended
operation to establish a TLS session before Binding to the provider. If the critical argument
is supplied, the session will be aborted if the StartTLS request fails. Otherwise the syncrepl
session continues without TLS. A bindmethod of simple requires the options binddn and
credentials and should only be used when adequate security services (e.g. TLS or IPSEC) are in
place. A bindmethod of sasl requires the option saslmech. Depending on the mechanism, an
authentication identity and/or credentials can be specified using authcid and credentials.
The authzid parameter may be used to specify an authorization identity. Specific security
properties (as with the sasl-secprops keyword above) for a SASL bind can be set with the
secprops option. A non default SASL realm can be set with the realm option.
Rather than replicating whole entries, the consumer can query logs of data modifications. This
mode of operation is referred to as delta syncrepl. In addition to the above parameters, the
logbase and logfilter parameters must be set appropriately for the log that will be used. The
syncdata parameter must be set to either "accesslog" if the log conforms to the slapo-accesslog(5) slapoaccesslog(5)
accesslog(5) log format, or "changelog" if the log conforms to the obsolete changelog format.
If the syncdata parameter is omitted or set to "default" then the log parameters are ignored.
updatedn <dn>
This option is only applicable in a slave database updated using slurpd(8). It specifies the
DN permitted to update (subject to access controls) the replica (typically, this is the DN
slurpd(8) binds to update the replica). Generally, this DN should not be the same as the
rootdn used at the master.
updateref <url>
Specify the referral to pass back when slapd(8) is asked to modify a replicated local
database. If specified multiple times, each url is provided.
DATABASE-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
Each database may allow specific configuration options; they are documented separately in the
backends' manual pages.
BACKENDS
The following backends can be compiled into slapd. They are documented in the slapd-<backend>(5)
manual pages.
bdb This is the recommended primary backend for a normal slapd database. It takes care to
configure it properly. It uses the transactional database interface of the Sleepycat Berkeley
DB (BDB) package to store data.
config This backend is used to manage the configuration of slapd run-time.
dnssrv This backend is experimental. It serves up referrals based upon SRV resource records held in
the Domain Name System.
hdb This is a variant of the BDB backend that uses a hierarchical database layout which supports
subtree renames.
ldap This backend acts as a proxy to forward incoming requests to another LDAP server.
ldbm This is an easy-to-configure but obsolete database backend. It does not offer the data
durability features of the BDB and HDB backends and hence is deprecated in favor of these
robust backends. LDBM uses lightweight non-transactional DB interfaces, such as those
providing by GDBM or Berkeley DB, to store data.
ldif This database uses the filesystem to build the tree structure of the database, using plain
ascii files to store data. Its usage should be limited to very simple databases, where
performance is not a requirement.
meta This backend performs basic LDAP proxying with respect to a set of remote LDAP servers. It is
an enhancement of the ldap backend.
monitor
This backend provides information about the running status of the slapd daemon.
null Operations in this backend succeed but do nothing.
passwd This backend is provided for demonstration purposes only. It serves up user account
information from the system passwd(5) file.
perl This backend embeds a perl(1) interpreter into slapd. It runs Perl subroutines to implement
LDAP operations.
relay This backend is experimental. It redirects LDAP operations to another database in the same
server, based on the naming context of the request. Its use requires the rwm overlay (see
slapo-rwm(5) for details) to rewrite the naming context of the request. It is primarily
intended to implement virtual views on databases that actually store data.
shell This backend executes external programs to implement LDAP operations. It is primarily
intended to be used in prototypes.
sql This backend is experimental. It services LDAP requests from an SQL database.
OVERLAYS
The following overlays can be compiled into slapd. They are documented in the slapo-<overlay>(5)
manual pages.
accesslog
Access Logging. This overlay can record accesses to a given backend database on another
database.
auditlog
Audit Logging. This overlay records changes on a given backend database to an LDIF log file.
By default it is not built.
chain Chaining. This overlay allows automatic referral chasing when a referral would have been
returned, either when configured by the server or when requested by the client.
denyop Deny Operation. This overlay allows selected operations to be denied, similar to the restrict
option.
dyngroup
Dynamic Group. This is a demo overlay which extends the Compare operation to detect members
of a dynamic group. It has no effect on any other operations.
dynlist
Dynamic List. This overlay allows expansion of dynamic groups and more.
lastmod
Last Modification. This overlay maintains a service entry in the database with the DN,
modification type, modifiersName and modifyTimestamp of the last write operation performed on
that database.
pcache Proxycache. This overlay allows caching of LDAP search requests in a local database. It is
most often used with the ldap or meta backends.
ppolicy
Password Policy. This overlay provides a variety of password control mechanisms, e.g.
password aging, password reuse and duplication control, mandatory password resets, etc.
refint Referential Integrity. This overlay can be used with a backend database such as slapd-bdb(5)
to maintain the cohesiveness of a schema which utilizes reference attributes.
retcode
Return Code. This overlay is useful to test the behavior of clients when server-generated
erroneous and/or unusual responses occur.
rwm Rewrite/remap. This overlay is experimental. It performs basic DN/data rewrite and
objectClass/attributeType mapping.
syncprov
Syncrepl Provider. This overlay implements the provider-side support for syncrepl
replication, including persistent search functionality.
translucent
Translucent Proxy. This overlay can be used with a backend database such as slapd-bdb(5) to
create a "translucent proxy". Content of entries retrieved from a remote LDAP server can be
partially overridden by the database.
unique Attribute Uniqueness. This overlay can be used with a backend database such as slapd-bdb(5)
to enforce the uniqueness of some or all attributes within a subtree.
EXAMPLES
Here is a short example of a configuration file:
include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
pidfile /var/db/openldap/slapd.pid
# Subtypes of "name" (e.g. "cn" and "ou") with the
# option ";x-hidden" can be searched for/compared,
# but are not shown. See slapd.access(5).
attributeoptions x-hidden lang-access langaccess
access to attr=name;x-hidden by * =cs
# Protect passwords. See slapd.access(5).
access to attrs=userPassword by * auth
# Read access to other attributes and entries.
access to * by * read
database bdb
suffix "dc=our-domain,dc=com"
# The database directory MUST exist prior to
# running slapd AND should only be accessible
# by the slapd/tools. Mode 0700 recommended.
directory /var/db/openldap/openldap-data
# Indices to maintain
index objectClass eq
index cn,sn,mail pres,eq,approx,sub
# We serve small clients that do not handle referrals,
# so handle remote lookups on their behalf.
database ldap
suffix ""
uri ldap://ldap.some-server.com/
lastmod off
"OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide" contains a longer annotated example of a configuration file. The
original /etc/openldap/slapd.conf is another example.
FILES
/etc/openldap/slapd.conf
default slapd configuration file
SEE ALSO
ldap(3), slapd-bdb(5), slapd-dnssrv(5), slapd-hdb(5), slapd-ldap(5), slapd-ldbm(5), slapd-ldif(5),
slapd-meta(5), slapd-monitor(5), slapd-null(5), slapd-passwd(5), slapd-perl(5), slapd-relay(5),
slapd-shell(5), slapd-sql(5), slapd.access(5), slapd.plugin(5), slapd.replog(5), slapd(8),
slapacl(8), slapadd(8), slapauth(8), slapcat(8), slapdn(8), slapindex(8), slappasswd(8), slaptest(8),
slurpd(8).
Known overlays are documented in slapo-accesslog(5), slapo-auditlog(5), slapo-chain(5),
slapo-dynlist(5), slapo-lastmod(5), slapo-pcache(5), slapo-ppolicy(5), slapo-refint(5),
slapo-retcode(5), slapo-rwm(5), slapo-syncprov(5), slapo-translucent(5), slapo-unique(5).
"OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide" (http://www.OpenLDAP.org/doc/admin/)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
OpenLDAP is developed and maintained by The OpenLDAP Project (http://www.openldap.org/) OpenLDAP is
derived from University of Michigan LDAP 3.3 Release.
OpenLDAP 2.3.27 2006/08/19 SLAPD.CONF(5)
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