NAMED(8) BIND9 NAMED(8)
NAME
named - Internet domain name server
SYNOPSIS
named [-4] [-6] [-c config-file] [-d debug-level] [-f] [-g] [-n #cpus] [-p port] [-s] [-t directory]
[-u user] [-v] [-x cache-file]
DESCRIPTION
named is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
When invoked without arguments, named will read the default configuration file /etc/named.conf, read
any initial data, and listen for queries.
OPTIONS
-4
Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6. -4 and -6 are mutually exclusive.
-6
Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4. -4 and -6 are mutually exclusive.
-c config-file
Use config-file as the configuration file instead of the default, /etc/named.conf. To ensure that
reloading the configuration file continues to work after the server has changed its working
directory due to to a possible directory option in the configuration file, config-file should be
an absolute pathname.
-d debug-level
Set the daemon's debug level to debug-level. Debugging traces from named become more verbose as
the debug level increases.
-f
Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
-g
Run the server in the foreground and force all logging to stderr.
-n #cpus
Create #cpus worker threads to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, named will try
to determine the number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. If it is unable to
determine the number of CPUs, a single worker thread will be created.
-p port
Listen for queries on port port. If not specified, the default is port 53.
-s
Write memory usage statistics to stdout on exit.
Note: This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed
in a future release.
-t directory
chroot() to directory after processing the command line arguments, but before reading the
configuration file.
Warning: This option should be used in conjunction with the -u option, as chrooting a
process running as root doesn't enhance security on most systems; the way chroot() is
defined allows a process with root privileges to escape a chroot jail.
-u user
setuid() to user after completing privileged operations, such as creating sockets that listen on
privileged ports.
Note: On Linux, named uses the kernel's capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
except the ability to bind() to a privileged port and set process resource limits.
Unfortunately, this means that the -u option only works when named is run on kernel 2.2.18
or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
to be retained after setuid().
-v
Report the version number and exit.
-x cache-file
Load data from cache-file into the cache of the default view.
Warning: This option must not be used. It is only of interest to BIND 9 developers and may
be removed or changed in a future release.
SIGNALS
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control the nameserver; rndc should be used
instead.
SIGHUP
Force a reload of the server.
SIGINT, SIGTERM
Shut down the server.
The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
CONFIGURATION
The named configuration file is too complex to describe in detail here. A complete description is
provided in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.
FILES
/etc/named.conf
The default configuration file.
/var/run/named.pid
The default process-id file.
SEE ALSO
RFC 1033, RFC 1034, RFC 1035, rndc(8), lwresd(8), named.conf(5), BIND 9 Administrator Reference
Manual.
AUTHOR
Internet Systems Consortium
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium.
BIND9 June 30, 2000 NAMED(8)
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