• Creation of the Runtime System

• Object Creation and Destruction

• Using the OSMetaClass Constructor Macros

• Allocating Objects Dynamically

• Global Initializers

• Object Scope and Constructor Invocation

• An Example of a Global Initializer

• Object Introspection and Dynamic Casting

• Binary Compatibility

• The Fragile Base Class Problem

• Reserving Future Data Members

• Padding the Virtual Table

• The libkern Classes and Your Driver

• libkern Collection and Container Class Overview

• libkern Container Classes

• libkern Collection Classes

• Using the libkern Collection and Container Classes

• Container Object Creation and Initialization

• Container Object Introspection and Access

• Collection Object Creation and Initialization

• Collection Object Introspection and Access

• Reference Counting for Collection and Container Classes

• Thread Safety and the Container and Collection Classes

• libkern Objects and XML

• Configuring Your Driver Using the libkern Classes

• Configuring a Subclass of IOAudioDevice

• Configuring a Subclass of IOUSBMassStorageClass

• Driver Life-Cycle and Matching Functionality

• Driver Matching

• Passive-Matching Keys

• Driver State

• Resources

• User Clients

• Probing

• Notifications and Driver Messaging

• Notification Methods

• Messaging Methods

• Access Methods

• Getting Work Loops

• Getting Clients and Providers

• Getting Other I/O Kit Objects

• Power Management

• Power-Management Entities

• Using the Power Management Methods

• Memory Mapping and Interrupt Handling

• Accessing Device Memory

• Handling Interrupts

• Miscellaneous IOService Methods

• Transferring Data Into and Out of the Kernel

• Issues With Cross-Boundary I/O

• Mac OS 9 Compared

• Programming Alternatives

• I/O Kit Family Device Interfaces

• Using POSIX APIs

• Accessing Device Properties

• Custom User Clients

• Writing a Custom User Client

• The Architecture of User Clients

• Types of User-Client Transport

• Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Data Transfer

• Factors in User Client Design

• Range of Accessibility

• Design of Legacy Applications

• Hardware

• Task Files

• A Design Scenario

• Implementing the User Side of the Connection

• The Basic Connection and I/O Procedure

• Defining Common Types

• Get the I/O Kit Master Port

• Obtain an Instance of the Driver

• Create a Connection

• Open the User Client

• Send and Receive Data

• Close the Connection

• Aspects of Design for Device Interfaces

• Creating a User Client Subclass

• User-Client Project Basics

• Initialization

• Exclusive Device Access and the open Method

• Cleaning Up

• Passing Untyped Data Synchronously

• Scalar and Structure

• Including the Header File of Common Types

• Constructing the IOExternalMethod Array

• Implementing getTargetAndMethodForIndex

• Validation

• Passing Untyped Data Asynchronously

• Application Procedure Using CFRunLoop

• User Client Procedure

• Mapping Device Registers and RAM Into User Space

• A Guided Tour Through a User Client

• Common Type Definitions

• The Device Interface Library

• The User Client

• Presenting Notification Dialogs

• Launching User-Space Executables

• Presenting Bundled Dialogs

• Internationalizing Kernel Extensions

• Creating and Populating the Localization Directories

• Internationalizing Strings

• Getting the Path to a KEXT From User Space

• Some Debugging Basics

• General Tips

• Issues With 64-Bit Architectures

• Driver-Debugging Tools

• Debugging Matching and Loading Problems

• Driver Dependencies

• Using kextload, kextunload, and kextstat

• Loading Your Driver

• Unloading Your Driver

• Debugging Your Driver’s start and probe Methods

• Debugging Matching Problems

• Two-Machine Debugging

• Setting Up for Two-Machine Debugging

• Using the Kernel Debugging Macros

• Tips on Using gdb

• Examining Computer Instructions

• Breakpoints

• Single-Stepping

• Debugging Kernel Panics

• General Procedure

• Tips on Debugging Panics

• Debugging System Hangs

• Debugging Boot Drivers

• Logging

• Using IOLog

• Custom Event Logging

• Testing Strategies

• Basic Quality Control

• Configuration Testing

• Power-Management Testing

• Other Testing Strategies and Goals

• Packaging Drivers for Installation

• Package Contents

• Package Validation and Installation

• Byte Swapping

• Handling Architectural Differences

• Viewing Values in the Device Tree Plane

• Interrupt Sharing in an Intel-Based Macintosh

• Using the OSSynchronizeIO Function

• Accessing I/O Space

• Debugging on an Intel-Based Macintosh