• Objects

• id

• Dynamic Typing

• Object Messaging

• Message Syntax

• The Receiver’s Instance Variables

• Polymorphism

• Dynamic Binding

• Classes

• Inheritance

• The NSObject Class

• Inheriting Instance Variables

• Inheriting Methods

• Overriding One Method With Another

• Abstract Classes

• Class Types

• Static Typing

• Type Introspection

• Class Objects

• Creating Instances

• Customization With Class Objects

• Variables and Class Objects

• Initializing a Class Object

• Methods of the Root Class

• Class Names in Source Code

• Defining a Class

• The Interface

• Importing the Interface

• Referring to Other Classes

• The Role of the Interface

• The Implementation

• Referring to Instance Variables

• The Scope of Instance Variables

• How Messaging Works

• Selectors

• Methods and Selectors

• Method Return and Argument Types

• Varying the Message at Runtime

• The Target-Action Paradigm

• Avoiding Messaging Errors

• Hidden Arguments

• Messages to self and super

• An Example

• Using super

• Redefining self

• Extending Classes

• Categories—Adding Methods to Existing Classes

• Adding to a Class

• How Categories Are Used

• Categories of the Root Class

• Protocols—Declaring Interfaces for Others to Implement

• When to Use Protocols

• Methods for Others to Implement

• Declaring Interfaces for Anonymous Objects

• Non-Hierarchical Similarities

• Informal Protocols

• Formal Protocols

• Protocol Objects

• Conforming to a Protocol

• Type Checking

• Protocols Within Protocols

• Referring to Other Protocols

• Enabling Static Behaviors

• Static Typing

• Type Checking

• Return and Argument Types

• Static Typing to an Inherited Class

• Getting a Method Address

• Getting an Object Data Structure

• Exception Handling and Thread Synchronization

• Handling Exceptions

• Throwing Exceptions

• Processing Exceptions

• Synchronizing Thread Execution

• Using C++ With Objective-C

• Mixing Objective-C and C++ Language Features

• C++ Lexical Ambiguities and Conflicts

• Interacting with the Runtime System

• Allocating, Initializing, and Deallocating Objects

• Allocating and Initializing Objects

• The Returned Object

• Arguments

• Coordinating Classes

• The Designated Initializer

• Combining Allocation and Initialization

• Object Ownership

• Basic Ownership

• Marking Objects for Later Release

• Retaining Objects

• Deallocation

• Forwarding

• Forwarding and Multiple Inheritance

• Surrogate Objects

• Forwarding and Inheritance

• Dynamic Loading

• Remote Messaging

• Distributed Objects

• Language Support

• Synchronous and Asynchronous Messages

• Pointer Arguments

• Proxies and Copies

• Type Encodings

• Messages

• Defined Types

• Preprocessor Directives

• Compiler Directives

• Classes

• Categories

• Formal Protocols

• Method Declarations

• Method Implementations

• Naming Conventions

• External Declarations

• Type Specifiers

• Type Qualifiers

• Primary Expressions

• Exceptions

• Synchronization