RCS(1) RCS(1)
NAME
rcs - change RCS file attributes
SYNOPSIS
rcs options file ...
DESCRIPTION
rcs creates new RCS files or changes attributes of existing ones. An RCS file contains multiple
revisions of text, an access list, a change log, descriptive text, and some control attributes. For
rcs to work, the caller's login name must be on the access list, except if the access list is empty,
the caller is the owner of the file or the superuser, or the -i option is present.
Pathnames matching an RCS suffix denote RCS files; all others denote working files. Names are paired
as explained in ci(1). Revision numbers use the syntax described in ci(1).
OPTIONS
-i Create and initialize a new RCS file, but do not deposit any revision. If the RCS file has no
path prefix, try to place it first into the subdirectory ./RCS, and then into the current
directory. If the RCS file already exists, print an error message.
-alogins
Append the login names appearing in the comma-separated list logins to the access list of the
RCS file.
-Aoldfile
Append the access list of oldfile to the access list of the RCS file.
-e[logins]
Erase the login names appearing in the comma-separated list logins from the access list of the
RCS file. If logins is omitted, erase the entire access list.
-b[rev]
Set the default branch to rev. If rev is omitted, the default branch is reset to the (dynami-cally) (dynamically)
cally) highest branch on the trunk.
-cstring
Set the comment leader to string. An initial ci, or an rcs -i without -c, guesses the comment
leader from the suffix of the working filename.
This option is obsolescent, since RCS normally uses the preceding $Log$ line's prefix when
inserting log lines during checkout (see co(1)). However, older versions of RCS use the com-ment comment
ment leader instead of the $Log$ line's prefix, so if you plan to access a file with both old
and new versions of RCS, make sure its comment leader matches its $Log$ line prefix.
-ksubst
Set the default keyword substitution to subst. The effect of keyword substitution is
described in co(1). Giving an explicit -k option to co, rcsdiff, and rcsmerge overrides this
default. Beware rcs -kv, because -kv is incompatible with co -l. Use rcs -kkv to restore the
normal default keyword substitution.
-l[rev]
Lock the revision with number rev. If a branch is given, lock the latest revision on that
branch. If rev is omitted, lock the latest revision on the default branch. Locking prevents
overlapping changes. If someone else already holds the lock, the lock is broken as with
rcs -u (see below).
-u[rev]
Unlock the revision with number rev. If a branch is given, unlock the latest revision on that
branch. If rev is omitted, remove the latest lock held by the caller. Normally, only the
locker of a revision can unlock it. Somebody else unlocking a revision breaks the lock. This
causes a mail message to be sent to the original locker. The message contains a commentary
solicited from the breaker. The commentary is terminated by end-of-file or by a line contain-ing containing
ing . by itself.
-L Set locking to strict. Strict locking means that the owner of an RCS file is not exempt from
locking for checkin. This option should be used for files that are shared.
-U Set locking to non-strict. Non-strict locking means that the owner of a file need not lock a
revision for checkin. This option should not be used for files that are shared. Whether
default locking is strict is determined by your system administrator, but it is normally
strict.
-mrev:msg
Replace revision rev's log message with msg.
-M Do not send mail when breaking somebody else's lock. This option is not meant for casual use;
it is meant for programs that warn users by other means, and invoke rcs -u only as a low-level
lock-breaking operation.
-nname[:[rev]]
Associate the symbolic name name with the branch or revision rev. Delete the symbolic name if
both : and rev are omitted; otherwise, print an error message if name is already associated
with another number. If rev is symbolic, it is expanded before association. A rev consisting
of a branch number followed by a . stands for the current latest revision in the branch. A :
with an empty rev stands for the current latest revision on the default branch, normally the
trunk. For example, rcs -nname: RCS/* associates name with the current latest revision of all
the named RCS files; this contrasts with rcs -nname:$ RCS/* which associates name with the
revision numbers extracted from keyword strings in the corresponding working files.
-Nname[:[rev]]
Act like -n, except override any previous assignment of name.
-orange
deletes ("outdates") the revisions given by range. A range consisting of a single revision
number means that revision. A range consisting of a branch number means the latest revision
on that branch. A range of the form rev1:rev2 means revisions rev1 to rev2 on the same
branch, :rev means from the beginning of the branch containing rev up to and including rev,
and rev: means from revision rev to the end of the branch containing rev. None of the out-dated outdated
dated revisions can have branches or locks.
-q Run quietly; do not print diagnostics.
-I Run interactively, even if the standard input is not a terminal.
-sstate[:rev]
Set the state attribute of the revision rev to state. If rev is a branch number, assume the
latest revision on that branch. If rev is omitted, assume the latest revision on the default
branch. Any identifier is acceptable for state. A useful set of states is Exp (for experi-mental), experimental),
mental), Stab (for stable), and Rel (for released). By default, ci(1) sets the state of a
revision to Exp.
-t[file]
Write descriptive text from the contents of the named file into the RCS file, deleting the
existing text. The file pathname cannot begin with -. If file is omitted, obtain the text
from standard input, terminated by end-of-file or by a line containing . by itself. Prompt
for the text if interaction is possible; see -I. With -i, descriptive text is obtained even
if -t is not given.
-t-string
Write descriptive text from the string into the RCS file, deleting the existing text.
-T Preserve the modification time on the RCS file unless a revision is removed. This option can
suppress extensive recompilation caused by a make(1) dependency of some copy of the working
file on the RCS file. Use this option with care; it can suppress recompilation even when it
is needed, i.e. when a change to the RCS file would mean a change to keyword strings in the
working file.
-V Print RCS's version number.
-Vn Emulate RCS version n. See co(1) for details.
-xsuffixes
Use suffixes to characterize RCS files. See ci(1) for details.
-zzone Use zone as the default time zone. This option has no effect; it is present for compatibility
with other RCS commands.
At least one explicit option must be given, to ensure compatibility with future planned extensions to
the rcs command.
COMPATIBILITY
The -brev option generates an RCS file that cannot be parsed by RCS version 3 or earlier.
The -ksubst options (except -kkv) generate an RCS file that cannot be parsed by RCS version 4 or ear-lier. earlier.
lier.
Use rcs -Vn to make an RCS file acceptable to RCS version n by discarding information that would con-fuse confuse
fuse version n.
RCS version 5.5 and earlier does not support the -x option, and requires a ,v suffix on an RCS path-name. pathname.
name.
FILES
rcs accesses files much as ci(1) does, except that it uses the effective user for all accesses, it
does not write the working file or its directory, and it does not even read the working file unless a
revision number of $ is specified.
ENVIRONMENT
RCSINIT
options prepended to the argument list, separated by spaces. See ci(1) for details.
DIAGNOSTICS
The RCS pathname and the revisions outdated are written to the diagnostic output. The exit status is
zero if and only if all operations were successful.
IDENTIFICATION
Author: Walter F. Tichy.
Manual Page Revision: 1.1; Release Date: 1999/04/23.
Copyright (C) 1982, 1988, 1989 Walter F. Tichy.
Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Paul Eggert.
SEE ALSO
rcsintro(1), co(1), ci(1), ident(1), rcsclean(1), rcsdiff(1), rcsmerge(1), rlog(1), rcsfile(5)
Walter F. Tichy, RCS--A System for Version Control, Software--Practice & Experience 15, 7 (July
1985), 637-654.
BUGS
A catastrophe (e.g. a system crash) can cause RCS to leave behind a semaphore file that causes later
invocations of RCS to claim that the RCS file is in use. To fix this, remove the semaphore file. A
semaphore file's name typically begins with , or ends with _.
The separator for revision ranges in the -o option used to be - instead of :, but this leads to con-fusion confusion
fusion when symbolic names contain -. For backwards compatibility rcs -o still supports the old -separator, oldseparator,
separator, but it warns about this obsolete use.
Symbolic names need not refer to existing revisions or branches. For example, the -o option does not
remove symbolic names for the outdated revisions; you must use -n to remove the names.
GNU 1999/04/23 RCS(1)
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