FUSER(P) POSIX Programmer's Manual FUSER(P)
NAME
fuser - list process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open
SYNOPSIS
fuser [ -cfu ] file ...
DESCRIPTION
The fuser utility shall write to standard output the process IDs of processes running on the local
system that have one or more named files open. For block special devices, all processes using any
file on that device are listed.
The fuser utility shall write to standard error additional information about the named files indicat-ing indicating
ing how the file is being used.
Any output for processes running on remote systems that have a named file open is unspecified.
A user may need appropriate privilege to invoke the fuser utility.
OPTIONS
The fuser utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2,
Utility Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported:
-c The file is treated as a mount point and the utility shall report on any files open in the
file system.
-f The report shall be only for the named files.
-u The user name, in parentheses, associated with each process ID written to standard output
shall be written to standard error.
OPERANDS
The following operand shall be supported:
file A pathname on which the file or file system is to be reported.
STDIN
Not used.
INPUT FILES
The user database.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of fuser:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See
the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Vari-ables Variables
ables for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of
locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization
variables.
LC_CTYPE
Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters
(for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes-sages messages
sages written to standard error.
NLSPATH
Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.
STDOUT
The fuser utility shall write the process ID for each process using each file given as an operand to
standard output in the following format:
"%d", <process_id>
STDERR
The fuser utility shall write diagnostic messages to standard error.
The fuser utility also shall write the following to standard error:
* The pathname of each named file is written followed immediately by a colon.
* For each process ID written to standard output, the character 'c' shall be written to standard
error if the process is using the file as its current directory and the character 'r' shall be
written to standard error if the process is using the file as its root directory. Implementations
may write other alphabetic characters to indicate other uses of files.
* When the -u option is specified, characters indicating the use of the file shall be followed imme-diately immediately
diately by the user name, in parentheses, corresponding to the process' real user ID. If the user
name cannot be resolved from the process' real user ID, the process' real user ID shall be written
instead of the user name.
When standard output and standard error are directed to the same file, the output shall be inter-leaved interleaved
leaved so that the filename appears at the start of each line, followed by the process ID and charac-ters characters
ters indicating the use of the file. Then, if the -u option is specified, the user name or user ID
for each process using that file shall be written.
A <newline> shall be written to standard error after the last output described above for each file
operand.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
Default.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
EXAMPLES
The command:
fuser -fu .
writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are using the current directory and
writes to standard error an indication of how those processes are using the directory and the user
names associated with the processes that are using the current directory.
RATIONALE
The definition of the fuser utility follows existing practice.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
None.
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edi-tion, Edition,
tion, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open
Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Elec-tronics Electronics
tronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the
referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.open-
group.org/unix/online.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2003 FUSER(P)
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