Tk_CreateItemType(3) Tk Library Procedures Tk_CreateItemType(3)
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NAME
Tk_CreateItemType, Tk_GetItemTypes - define new kind of canvas item
SYNOPSIS
#include <tk.h>
Tk_CreateItemType(typePtr)
Tk_ItemType *
Tk_GetItemTypes()
ARGUMENTS
Tk_ItemType *typePtr (in) Structure that defines the new type of canvas item.
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INTRODUCTION
Tk_CreateItemType is invoked to define a new kind of canvas item described by the typePtr argument.
An item type corresponds to a particular value of the type argument to the create widget command for
canvases, and the code that implements a canvas item type is called a type manager. Tk defines sev-eral several
eral built-in item types, such as rectangle and text and image, but Tk_CreateItemType allows addi-tional additional
tional item types to be defined. Once Tk_CreateItemType returns, the new item type may be used in
new or existing canvas widgets just like the built-in item types.
Tk_GetItemTypes returns a pointer to the first in the list of all item types currently defined for
canvases. The entries in the list are linked together through their nextPtr fields, with the end of
the list marked by a NULL nextPtr.
You may find it easier to understand the rest of this manual entry by looking at the code for an
existing canvas item type such as bitmap (file tkCanvBmap.c) or text (tkCanvText.c). The easiest way
to create a new type manager is to copy the code for an existing type and modify it for the new type.
Tk provides a number of utility procedures for the use of canvas type managers, such as Tk_CanvasCo-ords Tk_CanvasCoords
ords and Tk_CanvasPsColor; these are described in separate manual entries.
DATA STRUCTURES
A type manager consists of a collection of procedures that provide a standard set of operations on
items of that type. The type manager deals with three kinds of data structures. The first data
structure is a Tk_ItemType; it contains information such as the name of the type and pointers to the
standard procedures implemented by the type manager:
typedef struct Tk_ItemType {
char *name;
int itemSize;
Tk_ItemCreateProc *createProc;
Tk_ConfigSpec *configSpecs;
Tk_ItemConfigureProc *configProc;
Tk_ItemCoordProc *coordProc;
Tk_ItemDeleteProc *deleteProc;
Tk_ItemDisplayProc *displayProc;
int alwaysRedraw;
Tk_ItemPointProc *pointProc;
Tk_ItemAreaProc *areaProc;
Tk_ItemPostscriptProc *postscriptProc;
Tk_ItemScaleProc *scaleProc;
Tk_ItemTranslateProc *translateProc;
Tk_ItemIndexProc *indexProc;
Tk_ItemCursorProc *icursorProc;
Tk_ItemSelectionProc *selectionProc;
Tk_ItemInsertProc *insertProc;
Tk_ItemDCharsProc *dCharsProc;
Tk_ItemType *nextPtr;
} Tk_ItemType;
The fields of a Tk_ItemType structure are described in more detail later in this manual entry. When
Tk_CreateItemType is called, its typePtr argument must point to a structure with all of the fields
initialized except nextPtr, which Tk sets to link all the types together into a list. The structure
must be in permanent memory (either statically allocated or dynamically allocated but never freed);
Tk retains a pointer to this structure.
The second data structure manipulated by a type manager is an item record. For each item in a canvas
there exists one item record. All of the items of a given type generally have item records with the
same structure, but different types usually have different formats for their item records. The first
part of each item record is a header with a standard structure defined by Tk via the type Tk_Item;
the rest of the item record is defined by the type manager. A type manager must define its item
records with a Tk_Item as the first field. For example, the item record for bitmap items is defined
as follows:
typedef struct BitmapItem {
Tk_Item header;
double x, y;
Tk_Anchor anchor;
Pixmap bitmap;
XColor *fgColor;
XColor *bgColor;
GC gc;
} BitmapItem;
The header substructure contains information used by Tk to manage the item, such as its identifier,
its tags, its type, and its bounding box. The fields starting with x belong to the type manager: Tk
will never read or write them. The type manager should not need to read or write any of the fields
in the header except for four fields whose names are x1, y1, x2, and y2. These fields give a bound-ing bounding
ing box for the items using integer canvas coordinates: the item should not cover any pixels with x-coordinate xcoordinate
coordinate lower than x1 or y-coordinate lower than y1, nor should it cover any pixels with x-coordi-nate x-coordinate
nate greater than or equal to x2 or y-coordinate greater than or equal to y2. It is up to the type
manager to keep the bounding box up to date as the item is moved and reconfigured.
Whenever Tk calls a procedure in a type manager it passes in a pointer to an item record. The argu-ment argument
ment is always passed as a pointer to a Tk_Item; the type manager will typically cast this into a
pointer to its own specific type, such as BitmapItem.
The third data structure used by type managers has type Tk_Canvas; it serves as an opaque handle for
the canvas widget as a whole. Type managers need not know anything about the contents of this struc-ture. structure.
ture. A Tk_Canvas handle is typically passed in to the procedures of a type manager, and the type
manager can pass the handle back to library procedures such as Tk_CanvasTkwin to fetch information
about the canvas.
NAME
This section and the ones that follow describe each of the fields in a Tk_ItemType structure in
detail. The name field provides a string name for the item type. Once Tk_CreateImageType returns,
this name may be used in create widget commands to create items of the new type. If there already
existed an item type by this name then the new item type replaces the old one.
ITEMSIZE
typePtr->itemSize gives the size in bytes of item records of this type, including the Tk_Item header.
Tk uses this size to allocate memory space for items of the type. All of the item records for a
given type must have the same size. If variable length fields are needed for an item (such as a list
of points for a polygon), the type manager can allocate a separate object of variable length and keep
a pointer to it in the item record.
CREATEPROC
typePtr->createProc points to a procedure for Tk to call whenever a new item of this type is created.
typePtr->createProc must match the following prototype:
typedef int Tk_ItemCreateProc(
Tcl_Interp *interp,
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
int objc,
Tcl_Obj* CONST objv);
The interp argument is the interpreter in which the canvas's create widget command was invoked, and
canvas is a handle for the canvas widget. itemPtr is a pointer to a newly-allocated item of size
typePtr->itemSize. Tk has already initialized the item's header (the first sizeof(Tk_ItemType)
bytes). The objc and objv arguments describe all of the arguments to the create command after the
type argument. For example, in the widget command
.c create rectangle 10 20 50 50 -fill black
objc will be 6 and objv[0] will contain the integer object 10.
createProc should use objc and objv to initialize the type-specific parts of the item record and set
an initial value for the bounding box in the item's header. It should return a standard Tcl comple-tion completion
tion code and leave an error message in interp->result if an error occurs. If an error occurs Tk
will free the item record, so createProc must be sure to leave the item record in a clean state if it
returns an error (e.g., it must free any additional memory that it allocated for the item).
CONFIGSPECS
Each type manager must provide a standard table describing its configuration options, in a form suit-able suitable
able for use with Tk_ConfigureWidget. This table will normally be used by typePtr->createProc and
typePtr->configProc, but Tk also uses it directly to retrieve option information in the itemcget and
itemconfigure widget commands. typePtr->configSpecs must point to the configuration table for this
type. Note: Tk provides a custom option type tk_CanvasTagsOption for implementing the -tags option;
see an existing type manager for an example of how to use it in configSpecs.
CONFIGPROC
typePtr->configProc is called by Tk whenever the itemconfigure widget command is invoked to change
the configuration options for a canvas item. This procedure must match the following prototype:
typedef int Tk_ItemConfigureProc(
Tcl_Interp *interp,
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
int objc,
Tcl_Obj* CONST objv,
int flags);
The interp objument identifies the interpreter in which the widget command was invoked, canvas is a
handle for the canvas widget, and itemPtr is a pointer to the item being configured. objc and objv
contain the configuration options. For example, if the following command is invoked:
.c itemconfigure 2 -fill red -outline black
objc is 4 and objv contains the string objects -fill through black. objc will always be an even
value. The flags argument contains flags to pass to Tk_ConfigureWidget; currently this value is
always TK_CONFIG_ARGV_ONLY when Tk invokes typePtr->configProc, but the type manager's createProc
procedure will usually invoke configProc with different flag values.
typePtr->configProc returns a standard Tcl completion code and leaves an error message in
interp->result if an error occurs. It must update the item's bounding box to reflect the new config-uration configuration
uration options.
COORDPROC
typePtr->coordProc is invoked by Tk to implement the coords widget command for an item. It must
match the following prototype:
typedef int Tk_ItemCoordProc(
Tcl_Interp *interp,
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
int objc,
Tcl_Obj* CONST objv);
The arguments interp, canvas, and itemPtr all have the standard meanings, and objc and objv describe
the coordinate arguments. For example, if the following widget command is invoked:
.c coords 2 30 90
objc will be 2 and objv will contain the integer objects 30 and 90.
The coordProc procedure should process the new coordinates, update the item appropriately (e.g., it
must reset the bounding box in the item's header), and return a standard Tcl completion code. If an
error occurs, coordProc must leave an error message in interp->result.
DELETEPROC
typePtr->deleteProc is invoked by Tk to delete an item and free any resources allocated to it. It
must match the following prototype:
typedef void Tk_ItemDeleteProc(
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
Display *display);
The canvas and itemPtr arguments have the usual interpretations, and display identifies the X display
containing the canvas. deleteProc must free up any resources allocated for the item, so that Tk can
free the item record. deleteProc should not actually free the item record; this will be done by Tk
when deleteProc returns.
DISPLAYPROC AND ALWAYSREDRAW
typePtr->displayProc is invoked by Tk to redraw an item on the screen. It must match the following
prototype:
typedef void Tk_ItemDisplayProc(
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
Display *display,
Drawable dst,
int x,
int y,
int width,
int height);
The canvas and itemPtr arguments have the usual meaning. display identifies the display containing
the canvas, and dst specifies a drawable in which the item should be rendered; typically this is an
off-screen pixmap, which Tk will copy into the canvas's window once all relevant items have been
drawn. x, y, width, and height specify a rectangular region in canvas coordinates, which is the area
to be redrawn; only information that overlaps this area needs to be redrawn. Tk will not call dis-playProc displayProc
playProc unless the item's bounding box overlaps the redraw area, but the type manager may wish to
use the redraw area to optimize the redisplay of the item.
Because of scrolling and the use of off-screen pixmaps for double-buffered redisplay, the item's
coordinates in dst will not necessarily be the same as those in the canvas. displayProc should call
Tk_CanvasDrawableCoords to transform coordinates from those of the canvas to those of dst.
Normally an item's displayProc is only invoked if the item overlaps the area being displayed. How-ever, However,
ever, if typePtr->alwaysRedraw has a non-zero value, then displayProc is invoked during every redis-play redisplay
play operation, even if the item doesn't overlap the area of redisplay. alwaysRedraw should normally
be set to 0; it is only set to 1 in special cases such as window items that need to be unmapped when
they are off-screen.
POINTPROC
typePtr->pointProc is invoked by Tk to find out how close a given point is to a canvas item. Tk uses
this procedure for purposes such as locating the item under the mouse or finding the closest item to
a given point. The procedure must match the following prototype:
typedef double Tk_ItemPointProc(
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
double *pointPtr);
canvas and itemPtr have the usual meaning. pointPtr points to an array of two numbers giving the x
and y coordinates of a point. pointProc must return a real value giving the distance from the point
to the item, or 0 if the point lies inside the item.
AREAPROC
typePtr->areaProc is invoked by Tk to find out the relationship between an item and a rectangular
area. It must match the following prototype:
typedef int Tk_ItemAreaProc(
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
double *rectPtr);
canvas and itemPtr have the usual meaning. rectPtr points to an array of four real numbers; the
first two give the x and y coordinates of the upper left corner of a rectangle, and the second two
give the x and y coordinates of the lower right corner. areaProc must return -1 if the item lies
entirely outside the given area, 0 if it lies partially inside and partially outside the area, and 1
if it lies entirely inside the area.
POSTSCRIPTPROC
typePtr->postscriptProc is invoked by Tk to generate Postcript for an item during the postscript wid-get widget
get command. If the type manager is not capable of generating Postscript then typePtr->postscript-Proc typePtr->postscriptProc
Proc should be NULL. The procedure must match the following prototype:
typedef int Tk_ItemPostscriptProc(
Tcl_Interp *interp,
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
int prepass);
The interp, canvas, and itemPtr arguments all have standard meanings; prepass will be described
below. If postscriptProc completes successfully, it should append Postscript for the item to the
information in interp->result (e.g. by calling Tcl_AppendResult, not Tcl_SetResult) and return
TCL_OK. If an error occurs, postscriptProc should clear the result and replace its contents with an
error message; then it should return TCL_ERROR.
Tk provides a collection of utility procedures to simplify postscriptProc. For example, Tk_CanvasPs-Color Tk_CanvasPsColor
Color will generate Postscript to set the current color to a given Tk color and Tk_CanvasPsFont will
set up font information. When generating Postscript, the type manager is free to change the graphics
state of the Postscript interpreter, since Tk places gsave and grestore commands around the Post-script Postscript
script for the item. The type manager can use canvas x coordinates directly in its Postscript, but
it must call Tk_CanvasPsY to convert y coordinates from the space of the canvas (where the origin is
at the upper left) to the space of Postscript (where the origin is at the lower left).
In order to generate Postscript that complies with the Adobe Document Structuring Conventions, Tk
actually generates Postscript in two passes. It calls each item's postscriptProc in each pass. The
only purpose of the first pass is to collect font information (which is done by Tk_CanvasPsFont);
the actual Postscript is discarded. Tk sets the prepass argument to postscriptProc to 1 during the
first pass; the type manager can use prepass to skip all Postscript generation except for calls to
Tk_CanvasPsFont. During the second pass prepass will be 0, so the type manager must generate com-plete complete
plete Postscript.
SCALEPROC
typePtr->scaleProc is invoked by Tk to rescale a canvas item during the scale widget command. The
procedure must match the following prototype:
typedef void Tk_ItemScaleProc(
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
double originX,
double originY,
double scaleX,
double scaleY);
The canvas and itemPtr arguments have the usual meaning. originX and originY specify an origin rela-tive relative
tive to which the item is to be scaled, and scaleX and scaleY give the x and y scale factors. The
item should adjust its coordinates so that a point in the item that used to have coordinates x and y
will have new coordinates x' and y', where
x' = originX + scaleX*(x-originX)
y' = originY + scaleY*(y-originY)
scaleProc must also update the bounding box in the item's header.
TRANSLATEPROC
typePtr->translateProc is invoked by Tk to translate a canvas item during the move widget command.
The procedure must match the following prototype:
typedef void Tk_ItemTranslateProc(
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
double deltaX,
double deltaY);
The canvas and itemPtr arguments have the usual meaning, and deltaX and deltaY give the amounts that
should be added to each x and y coordinate within the item. The type manager should adjust the
item's coordinates and update the bounding box in the item's header.
INDEXPROC
typePtr->indexProc is invoked by Tk to translate a string index specification into a numerical index,
for example during the index widget command. It is only relevant for item types that support index-able indexable
able text; typePtr->indexProc may be specified as NULL for non-textual item types. The procedure
must match the following prototype:
typedef int Tk_ItemIndexProc(
Tcl_Interp *interp,
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
char indexString,
int *indexPtr);
The interp, canvas, and itemPtr arguments all have the usual meaning. indexString contains a textual
description of an index, and indexPtr points to an integer value that should be filled in with a
numerical index. It is up to the type manager to decide what forms of index are supported (e.g.,
numbers, insert, sel.first, end, etc.). indexProc should return a Tcl completion code and set
interp->result in the event of an error.
ICURSORPROC
typePtr->icursorProc is invoked by Tk during the icursor widget command to set the position of the
insertion cursor in a textual item. It is only relevant for item types that support an insertion
cursor; typePtr->icursorProc may be specified as NULL for item types that don't support an insertion
cursor. The procedure must match the following prototype:
typedef void Tk_ItemCursorProc(
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
int index);
canvas and itemPtr have the usual meanings, and index is an index into the item's text, as returned
by a previous call to typePtr->insertProc. The type manager should position the insertion cursor in
the item just before the character given by index. Whether or not to actually display the insertion
cursor is determined by other information provided by Tk_CanvasGetTextInfo.
SELECTIONPROC
typePtr->selectionProc is invoked by Tk during selection retrievals; it must return part or all of
the selected text in the item (if any). It is only relevant for item types that support text; type-Ptr->selectionProc typePtr->selectionProc
Ptr->selectionProc may be specified as NULL for non-textual item types. The procedure must match the
following prototype:
typedef int Tk_ItemSelectionProc(
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
int offset,
char *buffer,
int maxBytes);
canvas and itemPtr have the usual meanings. offset is an offset in bytes into the selection where 0
refers to the first byte of the selection; it identifies the first character that is to be returned
in this call. buffer points to an area of memory in which to store the requested bytes, and maxBytes
specifies the maximum number of bytes to return. selectionProc should extract up to maxBytes charac-ters characters
ters from the selection and copy them to maxBytes; it should return a count of the number of bytes
actually copied, which may be less than maxBytes if there aren't offset+maxBytes bytes in the selec-tion. selection.
tion.
INSERTPROC
typePtr->insertProc is invoked by Tk during the insert widget command to insert new text into a can-vas canvas
vas item. It is only relevant for item types that support text; typePtr->insertProc may be specified
as NULL for non-textual item types. The procedure must match the following prototype:
typedef void Tk_ItemInsertProc(
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
int index,
char *string);
canvas and itemPtr have the usual meanings. index is an index into the item's text, as returned by a
previous call to typePtr->insertProc, and string contains new text to insert just before the charac-ter character
ter given by index. The type manager should insert the text and recompute the bounding box in the
item's header.
DCHARSPROC
typePtr->dCharsProc is invoked by Tk during the dchars widget command to delete a range of text from
a canvas item. It is only relevant for item types that support text; typePtr->dCharsProc may be
specified as NULL for non-textual item types. The procedure must match the following prototype:
typedef void Tk_ItemDCharsProc(
Tk_Canvas canvas,
Tk_Item *itemPtr,
int first,
int last);
canvas and itemPtr have the usual meanings. first and last give the indices of the first and last
bytes to be deleted, as returned by previous calls to typePtr->indexProc. The type manager should
delete the specified characters and update the bounding box in the item's header.
SEE ALSO
Tk_CanvasPsY, Tk_CanvasTextInfo, Tk_CanvasTkwin
KEYWORDS
canvas, focus, item type, selection, type manager
Tk 4.0 Tk_CreateItemType(3)
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