Net::NNTP(3pm) Perl Programmers Reference Guide Net::NNTP(3pm)
NAME
Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
SYNOPSIS
use Net::NNTP;
$nntp = Net::NNTP->new("some.host.name");
$nntp->quit;
DESCRIPTION
"Net::NNTP" is a class implementing a simple NNTP client in Perl as described in RFC977. "Net::NNTP"
inherits its communication methods from "Net::Cmd"
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
This is the constructor for a new Net::NNTP object. "HOST" is the name of the remote host to
which a NNTP connection is required. If not given then it may be passed as the "Host" option
described below. If no host is passed then two environment variables are checked, first
"NNTPSERVER" then "NEWSHOST", then "Net::Config" is checked, and if a host is not found then
"news" is used.
"OPTIONS" are passed in a hash like fashion, using key and value pairs. Possible options are:
Host - NNTP host to connect to. It may be a single scalar, as defined for the "PeerAddr" option
in IO::Socket::INET, or a reference to an array with hosts to try in turn. The "host" method will
return the value which was used to connect to the host.
Timeout - Maximum time, in seconds, to wait for a response from the NNTP server, a value of zero
will cause all IO operations to block. (default: 120)
Debug - Enable the printing of debugging information to STDERR
Reader - If the remote server is INN then initially the connection will be to nnrpd, by default
"Net::NNTP" will issue a "MODE READER" command so that the remote server becomes innd. If the
"Reader" option is given with a value of zero, then this command will not be sent and the connec-tion connection
tion will be left talking to nnrpd.
METHODS
Unless otherwise stated all methods return either a true or false value, with true meaning that the
operation was a success. When a method states that it returns a value, failure will be returned as
undef or an empty list.
article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] )
Retrieve the header, a blank line, then the body (text) of the specified article.
If "FH" is specified then it is expected to be a valid filehandle and the result will be printed
to it, on success a true value will be returned. If "FH" is not specified then the return value,
on success, will be a reference to an array containg the article requested, each entry in the
array will contain one line of the article.
If no arguments are passed then the current article in the currently selected newsgroup is
fetched.
"MSGNUM" is a numeric id of an article in the current newsgroup, and will change the current
article pointer. "MSGID" is the message id of an article as shown in that article's header. It
is anticipated that the client will obtain the "MSGID" from a list provided by the "newnews" com-mand, command,
mand, from references contained within another article, or from the message-id provided in the
response to some other commands.
If there is an error then "undef" will be returned.
body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] )
Like "article" but only fetches the body of the article.
head ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] )
Like "article" but only fetches the headers for the article.
articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] )
bodyfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] )
headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] )
These are similar to article(), body() and head(), but rather than returning the requested data
directly, they return a tied filehandle from which to read the article.
nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] )
The "nntpstat" command is similar to the "article" command except that no text is returned. When
selecting by message number within a group, the "nntpstat" command serves to set the "current
article pointer" without sending text.
Using the "nntpstat" command to select by message-id is valid but of questionable value, since a
selection by message-id does not alter the "current article pointer".
Returns the message-id of the "current article".
group ( [ GROUP ] )
Set and/or get the current group. If "GROUP" is not given then information is returned on the
current group.
In a scalar context it returns the group name.
In an array context the return value is a list containing, the number of articles in the group,
the number of the first article, the number of the last article and the group name.
ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ])
The "ihave" command informs the server that the client has an article whose id is "MSGID". If
the server desires a copy of that article, and "MESSAGE" has been given the it will be sent.
Returns true if the server desires the article and "MESSAGE" was successfully sent,if specified.
If "MESSAGE" is not specified then the message must be sent using the "datasend" and "dataend"
methods from Net::Cmd
"MESSAGE" can be either an array of lines or a reference to an array.
last ()
Set the "current article pointer" to the previous article in the current newsgroup.
Returns the message-id of the article.
date ()
Returns the date on the remote server. This date will be in a UNIX time format (seconds since
1970)
postok ()
"postok" will return true if the servers initial response indicated that it will allow posting.
authinfo ( USER, PASS )
Authenticates to the server (using AUTHINFO USER / AUTHINFO PASS) using the supplied username and
password. Please note that the password is sent in clear text to the server. This command
should not be used with valuable passwords unless the connection to the server is somehow pro-tected. protected.
tected.
list ()
Obtain information about all the active newsgroups. The results is a reference to a hash where
the key is a group name and each value is a reference to an array. The elements in this array
are:- the last article number in the group, the first article number in the group and any infor-mation information
mation flags about the group.
newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ])
"SINCE" is a time value and "DISTRIBUTIONS" is either a distribution pattern or a reference to a
list of distribution patterns. The result is the same as "list", but the groups return will be
limited to those created after "SINCE" and, if specified, in one of the distribution areas in
"DISTRIBUTIONS".
newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]])
"SINCE" is a time value. "GROUPS" is either a group pattern or a reference to a list of group
patterns. "DISTRIBUTIONS" is either a distribution pattern or a reference to a list of distribu-tion distribution
tion patterns.
Returns a reference to a list which contains the message-ids of all news posted after "SINCE",
that are in a groups which matched "GROUPS" and a distribution which matches "DISTRIBUTIONS".
next ()
Set the "current article pointer" to the next article in the current newsgroup.
Returns the message-id of the article.
post ( [ MESSAGE ] )
Post a new article to the news server. If "MESSAGE" is specified and posting is allowed then the
message will be sent.
If "MESSAGE" is not specified then the message must be sent using the "datasend" and "dataend"
methods from Net::Cmd
"MESSAGE" can be either an array of lines or a reference to an array.
The message, either sent via "datasend" or as the "MESSAGE" parameter, must be in the format as
described by RFC822 and must contain From:, Newsgroups: and Subject: headers.
postfh ()
Post a new article to the news server using a tied filehandle. If posting is allowed, this
method will return a tied filehandle that you can print() the contents of the article to be
posted. You must explicitly close() the filehandle when you are finished posting the article,
and the return value from the close() call will indicate whether the message was successfully
posted.
slave ()
Tell the remote server that I am not a user client, but probably another news server.
quit ()
Quit the remote server and close the socket connection.
Extension methods
These methods use commands that are not part of the RFC977 documentation. Some servers may not sup-port support
port all of them.
newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] )
Returns a reference to a hash where the keys are all the group names which match "PATTERN", or
all of the groups if no pattern is specified, and each value contains the description text for
the group.
distributions ()
Returns a reference to a hash where the keys are all the possible distribution names and the val-ues values
ues are the distribution descriptions.
subscriptions ()
Returns a reference to a list which contains a list of groups which are recommended for a new
user to subscribe to.
overview_fmt ()
Returns a reference to an array which contain the names of the fields returned by "xover".
active_times ()
Returns a reference to a hash where the keys are the group names and each value is a reference to
an array containing the time the groups was created and an identifier, possibly an Email address,
of the creator.
active ( [ PATTERN ] )
Similar to "list" but only active groups that match the pattern are returned. "PATTERN" can be a
group pattern.
xgtitle ( PATTERN )
Returns a reference to a hash where the keys are all the group names which match "PATTERN" and
each value is the description text for the group.
xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC )
Obtain the header field "HEADER" for all the messages specified.
The return value will be a reference to a hash where the keys are the message numbers and each
value contains the text of the requested header for that message.
xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC )
The return value will be a reference to a hash where the keys are the message numbers and each
value contains a reference to an array which contains the overview fields for that message.
The names of the fields can be obtained by calling "overview_fmt".
xpath ( MESSAGE-ID )
Returns the path name to the file on the server which contains the specified message.
xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC)
The result is the same as "xhdr" except the is will be restricted to headers where the text of
the header matches "PATTERN"
xrover
The XROVER command returns reference information for the article(s) specified.
Returns a reference to a HASH where the keys are the message numbers and the values are the Ref-erences: References:
erences: lines from the articles
listgroup ( [ GROUP ] )
Returns a reference to a list of all the active messages in "GROUP", or the current group if
"GROUP" is not specified.
reader
Tell the server that you are a reader and not another server.
This is required by some servers. For example if you are connecting to an INN server and you have
transfer permission your connection will be connected to the transfer daemon, not the NNTP dae-mon. daemon.
mon. Issuing this command will cause the transfer daemon to hand over control to the NNTP daemon.
Some servers do not understand this command, but issuing it and ignoring the response is harm-less. harmless.
less.
UNSUPPORTED
The following NNTP command are unsupported by the package, and there are no plans to do so.
AUTHINFO GENERIC
XTHREAD
XSEARCH
XINDEX
DEFINITIONS
MESSAGE-SPEC
"MESSAGE-SPEC" is either a single message-id, a single message number, or a reference to a list
of two message numbers.
If "MESSAGE-SPEC" is a reference to a list of two message numbers and the second number in a
range is less than or equal to the first then the range represents all messages in the group
after the first message number.
NOTE For compatibility reasons only with earlier versions of Net::NNTP a message spec can be
passed as a list of two numbers, this is deprecated and a reference to the list should now be
passed
PATTERN
The "NNTP" protocol uses the "WILDMAT" format for patterns. The WILDMAT format was first devel-oped developed
oped by Rich Salz based on the format used in the UNIX "find" command to articulate file names.
It was developed to provide a uniform mechanism for matching patterns in the same manner that the
UNIX shell matches filenames.
Patterns are implicitly anchored at the beginning and end of each string when testing for a
match.
There are five pattern matching operations other than a strict one-to-one match between the pat-tern pattern
tern and the source to be checked for a match.
The first is an asterisk "*" to match any sequence of zero or more characters.
The second is a question mark "?" to match any single character. The third specifies a specific
set of characters.
The set is specified as a list of characters, or as a range of characters where the beginning and
end of the range are separated by a minus (or dash) character, or as any combination of lists and
ranges. The dash can also be included in the set as a character it if is the beginning or end of
the set. This set is enclosed in square brackets. The close square bracket "]" may be used in a
set if it is the first character in the set.
The fourth operation is the same as the logical not of the third operation and is specified the
same way as the third with the addition of a caret character "^" at the beginning of the test
string just inside the open square bracket.
The final operation uses the backslash character to invalidate the special meaning of an open
square bracket "[", the asterisk, backslash or the question mark. Two backslashes in sequence
will result in the evaluation of the backslash as a character with no special meaning.
Examples
"[^]-]"
matches any single character other than a close square bracket or a minus sign/dash.
*bdc
matches any string that ends with the string "bdc" including the string "bdc" (without
quotes).
"[0-9a-zA-Z]"
matches any single printable alphanumeric ASCII character.
"a??d"
matches any four character string which begins with a and ends with d.
SEE ALSO
Net::Cmd
AUTHOR
Graham Barr <gbarr@pobox.com>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 1995-1997 Graham Barr. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can
redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
$Id: //depot/libnet/Net/NNTP.pm#18 $
perl v5.8.8 2001-09-21 Net::NNTP(3pm)
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