TERM(7) TERM(7)
NAME
term - conventions for naming terminal types
DESCRIPTION
The environment variable TERM should normally contain the type name of the terminal, console or dis-play-device display-device
play-device type you are using. This information is critical for all screen-oriented programs,
including your editor and mailer.
A default TERM value will be set on a per-line basis by either /etc/inittab (Linux and System-V-like
UNIXes) or /etc/ttys (BSD UNIXes). This will nearly always suffice for workstation and microcomputer
consoles.
If you use a dialup line, the type of device attached to it may vary. Older UNIX systems pre-set a
very dumb terminal type like `dumb' or `dialup' on dialup lines. Newer ones may pre-set `vt100',
reflecting the prevalence of DEC VT100-compatible terminals and personal-computer emulators.
Modern telnets pass your TERM environment variable from the local side to the remote one. There can
be problems if the remote terminfo or termcap entry for your type is not compatible with yours, but
this situation is rare and can almost always be avoided by explicitly exporting `vt100' (assuming you
are in fact using a VT100-superset console, terminal, or terminal emulator.)
In any case, you are free to override the system TERM setting to your taste in your shell profile.
The tset(1) utility may be of assistance; you can give it a set of rules for deducing or requesting a
terminal type based on the tty device and baud rate.
Setting your own TERM value may also be useful if you have created a custom entry incorporating
options (such as visual bell or reverse-video) which you wish to override the system default type for
your line.
Terminal type descriptions are stored as files of capability data underneath /usr/share/terminfo. To
browse a list of all terminal names recognized by the system, do
toe | more
from your shell. These capability files are in a binary format optimized for retrieval speed (unlike
the old text-based termcap format they replace); to examine an entry, you must use the infocmp(1)
command. Invoke it as follows:
infocmp entry-name
where entry-name is the name of the type you wish to examine (and the name of its capability file the
subdirectory of /usr/share/terminfo named for its first letter). This command dumps a capability
file in the text format described by terminfo(5).
The first line of a terminfo(5) description gives the names by which terminfo knows a terminal, sepa-rated separated
rated by `|' (pipe-bar) characters with the last name field terminated by a comma. The first name
field is the type's primary name, and is the one to use when setting TERM. The last name field (if
distinct from the first) is actually a description of the terminal type (it may contain blanks; the
others must be single words). Name fields between the first and last (if present) are aliases for
the terminal, usually historical names retained for compatibility.
There are some conventions for how to choose terminal primary names that help keep them informative
and unique. Here is a step-by-step guide to naming terminals that also explains how to parse them:
First, choose a root name. The root will consist of a lower-case letter followed by up to seven
lower-case letters or digits. You need to avoid using punctuation characters in root names, because
they are used and interpreted as filenames and shell meta-characters (such as !, $, *, ?, etc.)
embedded in them may cause odd and unhelpful behavior. The slash (/), or any other character that
may be interpreted by anyone's file system (\, $, [, ]), is especially dangerous (terminfo is plat-form-independent, platform-independent,
form-independent, and choosing names with special characters could someday make life difficult for
users of a future port). The dot (.) character is relatively safe as long as there is at most one
per root name; some historical terminfo names use it.
The root name for a terminal or workstation console type should almost always begin with a vendor
prefix (such as hp for Hewlett-Packard, wy for Wyse, or att for AT&T terminals), or a common name of
the terminal line (vt for the VT series of terminals from DEC, or sun for Sun Microsystems worksta-tion workstation
tion consoles, or regent for the ADDS Regent series. You can list the terminfo tree to see what pre-fixes prefixes
fixes are already in common use. The root name prefix should be followed when appropriate by a model
number; thus vt100, hp2621, wy50.
The root name for a PC-Unix console type should be the OS name, i.e. linux, bsdos, freebsd, netbsd.
It should not be console or any other generic that might cause confusion in a multi-platform environ-ment! environment!
ment! If a model number follows, it should indicate either the OS release level or the console
driver release level.
The root name for a terminal emulator (assuming it doesn't fit one of the standard ANSI or vt100
types) should be the program name or a readily recognizable abbreviation of it (i.e. versaterm,
ctrm).
Following the root name, you may add any reasonable number of hyphen-separated feature suffixes.
2p Has two pages of memory. Likewise 4p, 8p, etc.
mc Magic-cookie. Some terminals (notably older Wyses) can only support one attribute without
magic-cookie lossage. Their base entry is usually paired with another that has this suffix and
uses magic cookies to support multiple attributes.
-am Enable auto-margin (right-margin wraparound).
-m Mono mode - suppress color support.
-na No arrow keys - termcap ignores arrow keys which are actually there on the terminal, so the user
can use the arrow keys locally.
-nam No auto-margin - suppress am capability.
-nl No labels - suppress soft labels.
-nsl No status line - suppress status line.
-pp Has a printer port which is used.
-rv Terminal in reverse video mode (black on white).
-s Enable status line.
-vb Use visible bell (flash) rather than beep.
-w Wide; terminal is in 132 column mode.
Conventionally, if your terminal type is a variant intended to specify a line height, that suffix
should go first. So, for a hypothetical FuBarCo model 2317 terminal in 30-line mode with reverse
video, best form would be fubar-30-rv (rather than, say, `fubar-rv-30').
Terminal types that are written not as standalone entries, but rather as components to be plugged
into other entries via use capabilities, are distinguished by using embedded plus signs rather than
dashes.
Commands which use a terminal type to control display often accept a -T option that accepts a termi-nal terminal
nal name argument. Such programs should fall back on the TERM environment variable when no -T option
is specified.
PORTABILITY
For maximum compatibility with older System V UNIXes, names and aliases should be unique within the
first 14 characters.
FILES
/usr/share/terminfo/?/*
compiled terminal capability data base
/etc/inittab
tty line initialization (AT&T-like UNIXes)
/etc/ttys
tty line initialization (BSD-like UNIXes)
SEE ALSO
curses(3X), terminfo(5), term(5).
TERM(7)
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