WINBINDD(8) WINBINDD(8)
NAME
winbindd - Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names from NT servers
SYNOPSIS
winbindd [-F] [-S] [-i] [-Y] [-d <debug level>] [-s <smb config file>] [-n]
DESCRIPTION
This program is part of the samba(7) suite.
winbindd is a daemon that provides a number of services to the Name Service Switch capability found
in most modern C libraries, to arbitary applications via PAM and ntlm_auth and to Samba itself.
Even if winbind is not used for nsswitch, it still provides a service to smbd, ntlm_auth and the
pam_winbind.so PAM module, by managing connections to domain controllers. In this configuraiton the
idmap uid and idmap gid parameters are not required. (This is known as `netlogon proxy only mode'.)
The Name Service Switch allows user and system information to be obtained from different databases
services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured throught the /etc/nsswitch.conf
file. Users and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range of user and group ids specified
by the administrator of the Samba system.
The service provided by winbindd is called `winbind' and can be used to resolve user and group infor-mation information
mation from a Windows NT server. The service can also provide authentication services via an associ-ated associated
ated PAM module.
The pam_winbind module supports the auth, account and password module-types. It should be noted that
the account module simply performs a getpwnam() to verify that the system can obtain a uid for the
user, as the domain controller has already performed access control. If the libnss_winbind library
has been correctly installed, or an alternate source of names configured, this should always succeed.
The following nsswitch databases are implemented by the winbindd service:
hosts
This feature is only available on IRIX. User information traditionally stored in the hosts(5) file
and used by gethostbyname(3) functions. Names are resolved through the WINS server or by broad-cast. broadcast.
cast.
passwd
User information traditionally stored in the passwd(5) file and used by getpwent(3) functions.
group
Group information traditionally stored in the group(5) file and used by getgrent(3) functions.
For example, the following simple configuration in the /etc/nsswitch.conf file can be used to ini-tially initially
tially resolve user and group information from /etc/passwd and /etc/group and then from the Windows
NT server.
passwd: files winbind
group: files winbind
## only available on IRIX; Linux users should us libnss_wins.so
hosts: files dns winbind
The following simple configuration in the /etc/nsswitch.conf file can be used to initially resolve
hostnames from /etc/hosts and then from the WINS server.
hosts: files wins
OPTIONS
-F
If specified, this parameter causes the main winbindd process to not daemonize, i.e. double-fork
and disassociate with the terminal. Child processes are still created as normal to service each
connection request, but the main process does not exit. This operation mode is suitable for run-ning running
ning winbindd under process supervisors such as supervise and svscan from Daniel J. Bernstein's
daemontools package, or the AIX process monitor.
-S
If specified, this parameter causes winbindd to log to standard output rather than a file.
-V
Prints the program version number.
-s <configuration file>
The file specified contains the configuration details required by the server. The information in
this file includes server-specific information such as what printcap file to use, as well as
descriptions of all the services that the server is to provide. See smb.conf for more information.
The default configuration file name is determined at compile time.
-d|--debuglevel=level
level is an integer from 0 to 10. The default value if this parameter is not specified is zero.
The higher this value, the more detail will be logged to the log files about the activities of the
server. At level 0, only critical errors and serious warnings will be logged. Level 1 is a reason-able reasonable
able level for day-to-day running - it generates a small amount of information about operations
carried out.
Levels above 1 will generate considerable amounts of log data, and should only be used when inves-tigating investigating
tigating a problem. Levels above 3 are designed for use only by developers and generate HUGE
amounts of log data, most of which is extremely cryptic.
Note that specifying this parameter here will override the
parameter in the smb.conf file.
-l|--logfile=logdirectory
Base directory name for log/debug files. The extension ".progname" will be appended (e.g. log.smb-client, log.smbclient,
client, log.smbd, etc...). The log file is never removed by the client.
-h|--help
Print a summary of command line options.
-i
Tells winbindd to not become a daemon and detach from the current terminal. This option is used by
developers when interactive debugging of winbindd is required. winbindd also logs to standard
output, as if the -S parameter had been given.
-n
Disable caching. This means winbindd will always have to wait for a response from the domain con-troller controller
troller before it can respond to a client and this thus makes things slower. The results will how-ever however
ever be more accurate, since results from the cache might not be up-to-date. This might also tem-porarily temporarily
porarily hang winbindd if the DC doesn't respond.
-Y
Single daemon mode. This means winbindd will run as a single process (the mode of operation in
Samba 2.2). Winbindd's default behavior is to launch a child process that is responsible for
updating expired cache entries.
NAME AND ID RESOLUTION
Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned a security id (SID) which is globally unique
when the user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user or group into a unix user or group,
a mapping between SIDs and unix user and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that winbindd
performs.
As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user and group ids are allocated from a
specified range. This is done on a first come, first served basis, although all existing users and
groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs a user or group enumeration command. The allocated
unix ids are stored in a database and will be remembered.
WARNING: The SID to unix id database is the only location where the user and group mappings are
stored by winbindd. If this store is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to determine
which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT user and group rids.
See the
or the old
parameters in smb.conf for options for sharing this database, such as via LDAP.
CONFIGURATION
Configuration of the winbindd daemon is done through configuration parameters in the smb.conf(5)
file. All parameters should be specified in the [global] section of smb.conf.
winbind separator
idmap uid
idmap gid
idmap backend
winbind cache time
winbind enum users
winbind enum groups
template homedir
template shell
winbind use default domain
winbind: rpc only Setting this parameter forces winbindd to use RPC instead of LDAP to retrieve
information from Domain Controllers.
EXAMPLE SETUP
To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus authentication from a domain controller use some-thing something
thing like the following setup. This was tested on an early Red Hat Linux box.
In /etc/nsswitch.conf put the following:
passwd: files winbind
group: files winbind
In /etc/pam.d/* replace the
auth lines with something like this:
auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
auth required /lib/security/pam_unix.so use_first_pass shadow nullok
Note
The PAM module pam_unix has recently replaced the module pam_pwdb. Some Linux systems use the module
pam_unix2 in place of pam_unix.
Note in particular the use of the sufficient keyword and the use_first_pass keyword.
Now replace the account lines with this:
account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
The next step is to join the domain. To do that use the net program like this:
net join -S PDC -U Administrator
The username after the -U can be any Domain user that has administrator privileges on the machine.
Substitute the name or IP of your PDC for "PDC".
Next copy libnss_winbind.so to /lib and pam_winbind.so to /lib/security. A symbolic link needs to be
made from /lib/libnss_winbind.so to /lib/libnss_winbind.so.2. If you are using an older version of
glibc then the target of the link should be /lib/libnss_winbind.so.1.
Finally, setup a smb.conf(5) containing directives like the following:
[global]
winbind separator = +
winbind cache time = 10
template shell = /bin/bash
template homedir = /home/%D/%U
idmap uid = 10000-20000
idmap gid = 10000-20000
workgroup = DOMAIN
security = domain
password server = *
Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and group database is expanded to include your
NT users and groups, and that you can login to your unix box as a domain user, using the DOMAIN+user
syntax for the username. You may wish to use the commands getent passwd and getent group to confirm
the correct operation of winbindd.
NOTES
The following notes are useful when configuring and running winbindd:
nmbd(8) must be running on the local machine for winbindd to work.
PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what you are doing when modifying PAM configu-ration configuration
ration files. It is possible to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system.
If more than one UNIX machine is running winbindd, then in general the user and groups ids allocated
by winbindd will not be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid for the local machine,
unless a shared
is configured.
If the the Windows NT SID to UNIX user and group id mapping file is damaged or destroyed then the
mappings will be lost.
SIGNALS
The following signals can be used to manipulate the winbindd daemon.
SIGHUP
Reload the smb.conf(5) file and apply any parameter changes to the running version of winbindd.
This signal also clears any cached user and group information. The list of other domains trusted
by winbindd is also reloaded.
SIGUSR2
The SIGUSR2 signal will cause winbindd to write status information to the winbind log file.
Log files are stored in the filename specified by the log file parameter.
FILES
/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)
Name service switch configuration file.
/tmp/.winbindd/pipe
The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with the winbindd program. For security reasons, the
winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon if both the /tmp/.winbindd
directory and /tmp/.winbindd/pipe file are owned by root.
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe
The UNIX pipe over which 'privileged' clients communicate with the winbindd program. For security
reasons, access to some winbindd functions - like those needed by the ntlm_auth utility - is
restricted. By default, only users in the 'root' group will get this access, however the adminis-trator administrator
trator may change the group permissions on $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged to allow programs like
'squid' to use ntlm_auth. Note that the winbind client will only attempt to connect to the win-bindd winbindd
bindd daemon if both the $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged directory and $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privi-leged/pipe $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe
leged/pipe file are owned by root.
/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X
Implementation of name service switch library.
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb
Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group id mapping. The lock directory is specified when
Samba is initially compiled using the --with-lockdir option. This directory is by default
/usr/local/samba/var/locks .
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb
Storage for cached user and group information.
VERSION
This man page is correct for version 3.0 of the Samba suite.
SEE ALSO
nsswitch.conf(5), samba(7), wbinfo(1), ntlm_auth(8), smb.conf(5), pam_winbind(8)
AUTHOR
The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now
developed by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar to the way the Linux kernel is devel-oped. developed.
oped.
wbinfo and winbindd were written by Tim Potter.
The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2
for Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.
WINBINDD(8)
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