f

F

face layers: A structure that describes part of a text face. Several face layers are combined to form the visual composite of a glyph.

factoring: Using Apple events to separate the code that controls an application's user interface from the code that responds to the user's manipulation of the interface. In a fully factored application, any significant user actions generate Apple events that a scripting component can record as statements in a compiled script

See also: recordable application

fade mode: A transfer mode type in which the source is blended with the destination, using the relative alpha values as the ratio for the blend.

fake definition resource

See: stub definition resource

fake handle: A handle that was not created by the Memory Manager but is passed to some Memory Manager routine.

fake pointer: A pointer that was not created by the Memory Manager but is passed to some Memory Manager routine.

far model: The model of the classic 68K runtime architecture that specifies 32-bit addressing for code and data

See also: near model

fast search: A search that employs an algorithm designed to find the target of an alias record quickly

See also: absolute search

fat: Containing or describing code of multiple instruction sets.

fatal system error: A system error that causes the entire system to crash.

fat application: An application that contains code of two or more runtime architectures. For example, a fat application may contain both CFM-68K and PowerPC runtime code.

fat binary program: Any piece of executable code (application, shared library, code resource, trap, or trap patch) that contains code of multiple runtime architectures

See also: fat application, fat library, fat resource

fat library: A shared library that contains code of two or more runtime architectures. For example, a fat library may contain both CFM-68K and PowerPC versions of a shared library.

fat patch: A trap patch that contains executable code in two or more instruction sets.

fat resource: A resource that contains executable code for two or more runtime architectures

See also: safe fat resource

fat routine descriptor: A routine descriptor that contains routine records for a routine's code in two or more instruction sets.

fat trap: A system software routine that is implemented in two or more instruction sets. In general, the Operating System selects the trap implementation that avoids mode switches

See also: split trap

FCB

See: file control block (FCB)

FDDITalk: The data link that allows an AppleTalk network to be connected by FDDI fiber-optic cables.

FDDITalk Link-Access Protocol (FLAP): The AppleTalk link-access protocol used in an FDDITalk network. FLAP is built on top of the standard FDDI data-link layer.

feature selectors: A means of defining particular font features in a feature type

See also: feature type

feature type: A group of font features in a style object that are applied to each style run based on font defaults

See also: feature selectors

fiber optics: The thin transparent fibers of glass or plastic in which data is transmitted through light pulses.

FIFO

See: first-in, first-out (FIFO)

file: An ordered sequence of bytes stored on a disk volume, divided into a data fork and a resource fork.

filename: A sequence of up to 31 printing characters, excluding colons, that identifies a file.

file access permissions

See: file permissions

file and directory registry: A list of files and directories that the Code Fragment Manager should search when looking for import libraries

See also: ROM registry

file control block (FCB): A fixed-length data structure, contained in the file-control-block buffer, where information about an access path to a file is stored.

file filter function: An application-defined function that helps determine which files appear in the list of files to open. This list appears in the dialog boxes displayed by the Standard File Package.

file fork: One of the two parts of a file

See also: data fork, resource fork

file ID: A unique number assigned to a file. The File Manager uses this number to distinguish a file from others on the same volume

See also: catalog node ID

file ID reference: An internal record in the volume's catalog file. This record specifies the filename and parent directory ID of the file with a given file ID.

file ID thread record

See: file ID reference

file I/O queue: A queue containing parameter blocks for all I/O requests to the File Manager.

File Manager: The part of the Mac OS that manages the organization, reading, and writing of data located on physical data storage devices such as disk drives.

file mapping: The association of a disk file with a memory area so that the file's data is paged between physical memory and the file's permanent location on disk. Thus, the disk version of the file (instead of a separate scratch file) serves as backing store for the file's representation in physical memory

See also: memory-mapped file

file mark: A marker the File Manager uses to keep track of its place in a file during a read or write operation. The file mark specifies the position of the next byte that will be read or written.

file permissions: A set of conventions for controlling access to a file. A file's permissions consist of access modes and deny modes.

file reference number: A number (greater than 0) that is returned to your application when it opens a fork of a file using File Manager routines; each file reference number corresponds to a unique access path.

file server: A computer running software that provides network users with access to shared disks or other mass-storage devices.

file system: A method of organizing files and directories on a volume.

file system specification: A record that identifies a stored file or directory by volume reference number, parent directory ID, and name. Defined by the FSSpec data type.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP): The Internet protocol that permits two computers to exchange files.

file translation list: A list of source and destination file types among which a file translation system can translate. Defined by the FileTranslationList data type.

file translation system: A translation system that can recognize and translate files from one format to another.

file type: On the Mac OS, a 4-byte character string that indicates the contents of a file. For example, files containing raw ASCII text are assigned the file type 'TEXT'

See also: creator code, signature

file type specification: A way of specifying the catalog type and translation file type of a file, as well as other information about translating the file. Defined by the FileTypeSpec data type.

file type template: An AOCE template that extends the list of file types that may contain an AOCE template. During system startup, the Catalogs Extension searches for AOCE templates in files whose types are on the list.

file-control-block buffer: A block in the system heap that contains one file control block for each access path.

fill: (1) To draw both the outline of a shape and its interior with any pattern you specify. The procedure transfers the pattern with the patCopy pattern mode, which directly copies your requested pattern into the shape

See also: shape fill

filter

See: translator

Finder: The application that works with the system software to keep track of files.

Finder Interface: A set of routines, data structures, and resources that you can use to coordinate your application with the Finder.

Finder sound file: A file of file type 'sfil' containing a sound resource. If a user opens a Finder sound file, the Finder plays the sound resource contained within it

See also: sound file, sound resource

firmware: Programs or data permanently stored in ROM.

first-in, first-out (FIFO): Characteristic of a queue in which the first item put into the queue becomes the first item to be taken out of it

fixed input: In inline input, text that has already been converted from phonetic to ideographic representation, and thus can be removed from the active input area. Usually, the text service component continually gets rid of fixed input. In certain situations, a client application may need to explicitly fix input, if for example it must suspend input in progress.

Fixed number: A 32-bit signed integer with 16 bits to the left and 16 bits to the right of the binary decimal point. A fixed-point number with a bias of 16. Fixed numbers range from _32,768 to nearly +32,768. The Fixed number for 1.0 is 0x0001000.

fixed point: A point that uses fixed-point numbers to represent its coordinates. The Movie Toolbox uses fixed points to provide greater display precision for graphical and image data.

fixed rectangle: A rectangle that uses fixed points to represent its vertices. The Movie Toolbox uses fixed rectangles to provide greater display precision.

fixed token: A token associated with a single, invariant set of characters. The token tokenPeriod is a fixed token; it represents a period (.). The token tokenNumeric is not fixed; it could represent any number.

fixed-frequency: Of constant frequency.

fixed-point number: A signed 16-bit, 32-bit, or 64-bit quantity containing an integer part in the high-order word and a fractional part in the low- order word. Integers are interpreted as real numbers by the use of bias to define where the decimal point is located. Numbers having the gxColorValue, short, long, fixed, fract, and wide number formats are fixed point numbers

See also: bias, fract number, gxColorValue, long number, short number, wide number

fixed-width font: A font whose characters all have the same width

See also: proportional font

flagship name: A personalized name that users can enter to identify their nodes when they are connected to an AppleTalk network. The flagship name is different from the Chooser name that a node uses for server-connection identification.

Flagship Naming Service: A feature that allows users to specify a flagship name to identify their nodes when the node is connected to an AppleTalk network.

FLAP

See: FDDITalk Link-Access Protocol (FLAP)

flatten: To convert an object from its original format to a stream format

See also: unflatten, stream format

flattening: The process of copying all of the original data referred to by reference in QuickTime tracks into a QuickTime movie file. This can also be called resolving references. Flattening is used to bring in all of the data that may be referred to from multiple files after QuickTime editing is complete. It makes a QuickTime movie stand-alone"that is, it can be played on any system without requiring any additional QuickTime movie files or tracks, even if the original file referenced hundreds of files. The flattening operation is essential if QuickTime movies are to be used with CD/ROM discs.

flat font list: A list that QuickDraw GX creates when you flatten a shape that contains fonts. This list specifies which fonts were used in a shape, which glyphs were used in a font, or both.

floating input window: A floating window used for text entry by an input method.

floating window: A window that always remains in front of any document windows.

floating window service: A service, managed by the Text Services Manager and the Process Manager, that provides floating windows for text service components.

floating-point operation: An operation that is performed on numbers in floating-point formats. The IEEE standard requires that a numerics environment support addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, square root, remainder, and round-to-integer as the basic floating-point arithmetic operations.

Floating-Point Status and Control Register (FPSCR): A 32-bit PowerPC register used to store the floating-point environment.

Flush: An ADB command to a device that forces it to remove any existing user-input data from the appropriate device register

See also: Listen, SendReset, Talk

flush: (1) To write data from a cache in memory to a volume. (2) To write data or instructions from a cache in the microprocessor to RAM.

flush-to-zero system: A system that excludes denormalized numbers. Results smaller than the smallest normalized number are rounded to zero.

focus box

See: focus rectangle

focus rectangle: A heavy border around a panel or around the content portion of a window. This border indicates to the user that the area it encloses is active and that any subsequent key-down event pertains to that portion of the window. Also called focus box.

focus ring: A border that highlights an active control, in order to indicate to the user which item has keyboard focus

See also: keyboard focus

folder: A directory

See also: directory

folder descriptor: A data structure that describes a folder and its contents. A folder described by a folder descriptor can be found using the findFolder function, even if it is located inside another folder.

font: (1) For bitmapped fonts, a complete set of glyphs in one typeface, size, and style. (2) For outline fonts, a complete set of glyphs in one typeface and style. A font also has a table that associates those glyphs with their equivalent character codes. (3) A style object property. It is the reference to the font to use in drawing the text of a shape. (4) A collection of glyphs that usually have some element of design consistency such as the shapes of the counters, the design of the stem, stroke thickness, or the use of serifs.

Fonts folder: A directory located in the System Folder for storing fonts.

font attributes: A group of flags that modify the behavior or identity of a font.

font characterization table: A table of parameters in a device driver that specifies how best to adapt fonts to that device.

font descriptors: The identifiable characteristics of each font object within a family, such as weight, width, italic slant, and optical point size.

font embedding: The technique of storing a font object's binary data in a document so that the text in the document always displays the correct font.

font family: A complete set of fonts for one typeface including all available styles and sizes of the glyphs in that typeface. A font family may include both bitmapped and outline fonts. Font families are defined by resources of type 'FOND'.

font features: The set of typographic and layout capabilities that create a specific appearance for a layout shape.

font force flag: A Script Manager variable that forces text whose font has an ID in the range of the Roman script system to be interpreted as belonging to the system script instead.

font height: The vertical distance from a font's ascent line to its descent line.

font ID: (1) A font-family ID. (2) A number that identifies the resource file of a particular individual font, of type 'FONT', 'nfnt', or 'sfnt'.

font instance: A setting identified by the font's designer that matches specific values along the available variation axes and gives those values a name.

font layout: (1) The mapping of character codes to the glyphs of one typeface. (2) The mapping of glyph indexes to the glyphs of one typeface.

font management error: A QuickDraw GX error that involves the storage, attributes, or parameter of a font.

Font Manager: The part of the Toolbox that supports the use of various fonts for QuickDraw when it draws text.

font name: (1) The name, such as Geneva or Kyoto, given to a font family to distinguish it from other font families. (2) A set of specific information in a font object about a font, such as its family name, style, copyright date, version, and manufacturer. Some font names are used to build menus in an application, whereas other names are used to identify the font uniquely.

font number

See: font ID

font object: An object type that hides the complexity of font data from your application.

font rectangle: The smallest rectangle enclosing all the glyphs in a font if the images are all superimposed over the same glyph origin.

font run: A sequence of text that is contiguous in memory and in which all characters are in the same font.

font scaler error: A QuickDraw GX error that involves the conversion of a glyph outline to a bitmap.

font scaler warning: A QuickDraw GX warning that involves the conversion of a glyph outline to a bitmap.

font scaling: The process of changing a glyph from one size or shape to another. The Font Manager can scale bitmapped and outline fonts by changing both sizes and shapes of glyphs.

font scaling factors: Ratios that indicate how the Font Manager should scale a glyph in the vertical and horizontal directions.

font script: The script system that corresponds to the current font (the font specified in the txFont field of the current graphics port), hence the script that determines in which writing system to display text characters in the window.

font size: The size of the glyphs in a font in points; nominally a measure of the distance from the baseline of one line of text to the baseline of the next line of single-spaced text.

font substitution: Substitution of a screen font for a printer font by a printer driver. PostScript printer drivers may substitute PostScript printer fonts for bitmapped screen fonts.

font variation: An algorithmic way to produce a range of typestyles along a particular variation axis.

font variations: A style object property. It is the list of font variations"stylistic variations built into the font"available for drawing the text of a shape.

font variation suite: A complete listing of every axis supported in a font in the order specified by the font. Each axis is given a value in the listing.

font-family ID: The number that identifies the resource file (of type 'FOND') that specifies the font family. Every font family has a unique font-family ID, in a range of values that determines the script system to which the font family belongs.

foreground: The part of a glyph bitmap that constitutes the glyph itself

See also: background

foreground color: The color that QuickDraw applies to the foreground parts of a glyph; specified by the fgColor field of the current graphics port. By default, the foreground color is black.

foreground process: The process currently interacting with the user; it appears to the user as the active application. The foreground process displays its menu bar, and its windows are in front of the windows of other applications

See also: background process

foreground task: The process that is currently the main task being executed by the system. This generally corresponds to the application that owns the frontmost window on the user's screen. There is only one foreground task at any given time.

foreign dNode: A dNode in a PowerShare catalog used by AOCE system software to route messages to an external messaging system through a server MSAM.

fork

See: file fork

form: A property of a format object that allows a picture shape to be printed as a backdrop to the contents of the page. A form can optionally include a mask shape that defines areas that are not printed.

formatting

See: disk formatting

formatting printer: The printer for which a document's format is retained

See also: output printer

format block: An element in the firmware structure of a declaration ROM that provides a standard entry point for other elements in the structure. The format block allows the Slot Manager to find the declaration ROM and validate it.

format collection: A collection of items that are relevant to a format but are not required to define a format

See also: collection

format object: An object that represents how pages of a document are to be formatted, including scaling, orientation, and paper type. It allows a form to be associated with a format

See also: paper-type object, form

forward: To pass a message on to the next message handler in a message chain

See also: message chain, message handler, override

Forwarder record: A catalog record that contains identifying information about a server MSAM.

forwarder template: An AOCE template that allows existing aspect templates and information page templates to be used for new types of records and attributes.

forward reset: The event that occurs when one connection end cancels delivery of all outstanding data to the other connection end, causing ADSP to discard all data in the send queue, all data in transit to the remote connection end, and all data in the other connection end's receive queue that the client has not yet read.

FP

See: frame pointer (FP)

FPCE: Floating-Point C Extensions

See also: ANSI X3J11.1, FPCE technical report

FPCE technical report: A report authored by the Numerical C Extensions Group (ANSI X3J11.1) that proposes a standard for floating-point operations in the C programming language.

FPSCR

See: Floating-Point Status and Control Register (FPSCR)

fraction: A field in a floating-point data format that stores all but the leading bit of the significand of a floating-point number.

fract number: A 32-bit signed integer with two bits to the left and 30 bits to the right of the binary decimal point. A fixed-point number with a bias of 2. Fract numbers range from _2 to +2. The fract number for 1.0 is 0x40000000.

fragment: An executable unit of code and its associated data. A fragment is produced by the linker and loaded for execution by the Code Fragment Manager.

fragmentation

See: heap fragmentation

fragment initialization block: A parameter block passed to a fragment's initialization routine that contains information about the fragment. Defined by the InitBlock data type.

fragment location record: A data structure that provides information about the location of a fragment. Defined by the FragmentLocator data type.

frame: (1) To draw the outline of a shape (such as a rectangle) using the size, pattern, and pattern mode of the graphics pen for the current graphics port. The interior of the shape is unaffected, allowing previously existing pixels in the image to show through. (2) The part of a window drawn automatically by the Window Manager, namely the title bar"including the close box, zoom box, and collapse box"and the window's outline. (3) A user interface window in the Java virtual machine. Frames usually contain a title bar and often correspond to a user-visible window. Frames are analogous to a window structure on the Mac OS

See also: TokenTalk, EtherTalk

framed fill: A shape fill that indicates a shape's geometry describes an outline"the outline defined by the contours of the shape's geometry. Framed fills include open-frame fill and closed-frame fill.

framed shape: A shape that describes an outline"the outline defined by the contours of the shape's geometry. The shape fill of a framed shape can be open-frame fill or closed-frame fill.

frame differencing: A form of temporal compression that involves examining redundancies between adjacent fram es in a moving image sequence. Frame differencing can improve compression ratios considerably for a video sequence.

frame pointer (FP): A pointer to the beginning of a stack frame

frame rate: The rate at which a movie is displayed"that is, the number of frames per second that are actually being displayed. In QuickTime the frame rate at which a movie was recorded may be different from the frame rate at which it is displayed. On very fast machines, the playback frame rate may be faster than the record frame rate; on slow machines, the playback frame rate may be slower than the record frame rate. Frame rates may be fractional.

free block: A memory block containing space available for allocation.

frequency: (1) The number of times per second that an action (such as the issuance of an interrupt) occurs. An action's frequency is measured in cycles per second, or hertz

From recipient: The sender of a message

See also: original recipient

FTP: \xE6See File Transfer Protocol.

fully justified

See: justification

full digital signature

See: full signature

full justification

See: justification

full pathname: A pathname that begins in the root directory.

full shape: A type of QuickDraw GX shape. Full shapes have no geometry, contain every other shape, and cover all area when drawn.

full signature: A digital signature plus the certificate set of the signer. The Digital Signature Manager creates and verifies full signatures. Same as full digital signature.

full zoom box: A zoom box which expands a window in both the horizontal and vertical directions

See also: zoom box

full-duplex dialog: A transmission method that permits simultaneous two-way communication.

functional address: A token ring hardware address that is shared by a subset of nodes on a particular data link.

functional sResource: An sResource in an expansion card's declaration ROM that describes a specific function of the card. For example, a video card may have separate functional sResources for all of the display modes it supports.

functional-area Apple event: A standard Apple event supported by applications with related features; for example, an Apple event related to text manipulation for word-processing applications, or an Apple event related to graphics manipulation for drawing applications. Functional-area Apple events are defined by Apple Computer, Inc., in consultation with interested developers and are published in the Apple Event Registry: Standard Suites.

function field: The first byte of the data portion of a packet sent to or from the AEP Echoer that indicates whether the packet is an Echo Request packet (byte value is 1) or an Echo Reply packet (byte value is 2).

function prototype: A declaration of the types of parameters expected by a function and of the type of the result it returns. ANSI C requires function prototypes for all functions you define.