c

C

cache

See: data cache, disk cache, instruction cache, QuickDraw GX cache

cache error: A QuickDraw GX error indicating that a memory cache problem occurred.

callback event: A scheduled invocation of a Movie Toolbox callback function. Applications establish the criteria that determine when the callback function is to be invoked. When those criteria are met, the Movie Toolbox invokes the callback function.

callback function: An application-defined function that is invoked at a specified time or based on specified criteria. These callback functions are data-loading functions, data-unloading functions, completion functions, and progress functions

See also: callback event

callback procedure: An application-defined procedure that is invoked at a specified time or based on specified criteria.

callback routine: (1) An application-defined routine called by the Operating System. When you call certain functions, you provide a pointer to a callback routine, and the function installs your routine in memory. Then when a certain event occurs, the Operating System calls your callback routine

callee: A routine that is called by some routine.

caller: A routine that calls some routine.

calling conventions: A set of conventions that describe the manner in which a particular routine is executed. A routine's calling conventions specify where parameters and function results are passed. For a stack-based routine, the calling conventions determine the structure of the routine's stack frame.

canonical string: The preferred representation of a character or string in a particular writing system, language, or region, often corresponding to a token type defined by the Script Manager IntlTokenize function. For example, the left literal double curly quotes (') can, in the appropriate context, also be represented as double straight quotes (''). This stored preference is the canonical string.

cap

See: cap property

cap attributes: A set of flags that modify the way QuickDraw GX draws cap shapes.

cap property: A property of a style object that is used to specify how the end points of contours are drawn.

cap shape: A shape drawn at the end points of another shape's contours.

card

See: expansion card

caret: A vertical or slanted blinking bar, appearing at a caret position in the display text, that marks the point at which text is to be inserted or deleted

See also: cursor, split caret

caret angle: The angle of a caret or the edges of a highlight. The caret angle can be perpendicular to the baseline or parallel to the angle of the style run's text.

caret position: A location (on the screen) corresponding to the offset (in memory) of the current text insertion point. At the boundary between a right-to-left and left-to-right direction run on a line, one character offset may correspond to two caret positions, and one caret position may correspond to two offsets.

caret type: A designation of the behavior of the caret at direction boundaries in text

See also: left-to-right caret, right-to-left caret, split caret

caret-blink time: The interval between blinks of the caret that marks an insertion point.

Cartesian coordinate: A coordinate system used for view devices in which the positive x direction is to the right and the positive y direction is down with respect to the origin, at the upper-left corner. A point is defined by specifying the x- and y-coordinates in the format (x, y)

See also: polar coordinate

case: Uppercase or lowercase, an attribute of the characters of some writing systems such as Roman.

catalog

See: AOCE catalog, catalog file

Catalogs Extension (CE): An extension to the Finder that makes it possible for the Finder to display the contents of AOCE catalogs and for the user to edit the contents of records.

Catalog Browser: A Finder extension that allows a user to search through an AOCE catalog by opening folders on the desktop.

catalog discriminator: A name and reference number that uniquely identifies a catalog.

catalog file: A special file, located on a volume, that contains information about the hierarchical organization of files and folders on that volume.

Catalog Manager: The part of the Mac OS that manages the organization, reading, and writing of data in AOCE catalogs.

catalog node: An entry in a volume's catalog file that describes either a file or a directory

See also: dNode

catalog node ID: A unique number assigned to a node in a catalog file. For a directory, the catalog node ID is the directory ID; for a file, the catalog node ID is the file ID.

catalog service access module (CSAM): A code module, implemented as a device driver, that makes an external catalog available within an AOCE system by supporting the Catalog Manager API.

catalog service function: A CSAM-defined function that responds to requests for AOCE catalog services from clients of the Catalog Manager.

catalog type: The type of a file as maintained in a volume's HFS catalog file

See also: translation file type

caution alert: An alert box that warns the user of an operation that may have undesirable results if allowed to continue. A caution alert gives the user the choice of continuing the action (by clicking the OK button) or stopping the action (by clicking the Cancel button). A caution alert is identified by an icon bearing an exclamation point in the upper-left corner of the alert box

See also: note alert, stop alert

CCB

See: command control block (CCB), connection control block (CCB)

cc recipient: A 'courtesy copy' or secondary recipient of a letter

See also: original recipient

CDB

See: command descriptor block (CDB)

CE

See: Catalogs Extension (CE)

cell: A rectangular part of a list displaying information about one item from the list.

central processing unit (CPU): The microprocessor that executes instructions and transfers information to and from other devices (such as physical memory) over the computer's main bus.

certificate

See: public-key certificate

certificate issuer: The organization that authorized, or issued, a particular public-key certificate. Each certificate is digitally signed by its issuer.

certificate owner: The person or organization to which a particular public-key certificate has been issued. Each certificate contains the public key of its owner.

certificate request

See: approval request

certificate set: A chain of public-key certificates that, combined with a digital signature, make up a full signature. A certificate set consists of the public-key certificate of the signer (owner), digitally signed by the organization that issued the certificate; plus the certificate of the issuing organization, signed by the organization that issued that certificate; and so on, until the last signature is that of the prime issuing organization. The certificate set provides the signer's public key for decryption of the signer's signatures and ensures the validity of that public key.

certification authority

See: certificate issuer

CFM-68K runtime architecture: A 68K Mac OS runtime architecture that uses the Code Fragment Manager. Its handling of fragments and the ability to use shared libraries is analogous to that of the PowerPC runtime architecture, but it differs in a number of details because of system limitations. In particular, it uses segmented application code addressed through a jump table

See also: classic 68K runtime architecture, PowerPC runtime architecture

CFM-68K Runtime Enabler: A Mac OS system extension that provides Code Fragment Manager services to non_PowerPC-based systems.

chain of certificates

See: certificate set

channel: A portion of sound data that can be described by a single sound wave. Do not confuse with sound channel or speech channel

See also: stereo sound

character: A symbol standing for a sound, syllable, or notion used in writing; one of the simple elements of a written language, for example, the lowercase letter a or the number 1

See also: character code, glyph

character attribute: The font, size, style, or color of text. Text of a single style run has uniform character attributes.

character class: A return value of the CharacterType function. Character class is a subtype of character type.

character cluster: A collection of characters treated as individual components of a whole, including a principal character plus attachments in memory. For example, in Hebrew, a cluster may be composed of a consonant, a vowel, a dot to soften the pronunciation of the consonant, and a cantillation mark.

character code: An 8-bit or 16-bit value representing a text character. Text is stored in memory as character codes. Each script system's keyboard-layout ('KCHR') resource converts the virtual key codes generated by the keyboard or keypad into character codes; each script system's fonts convert the character codes into glyphs for display or printing.

character device: A device that reads or writes a stream of characters, or bytes, one at a time. The keyboard and the serial ports are examples of character devices

See also: block device

character encoding: The organization of the numeric codes that represent the characters of a character set in memory.

character key: A key that generates a keyboard event when pressed (any key but Shift, Caps Lock, Command, Control, or Option).

character offset: (1) The indexed position of a character in a text buffer, starting at zero for the first character. Sequential values for character offset correspond to the storage order of the characters. In 1-byte script systems, character offset is equivalent to byte offset; in 2-byte systems it is not. (2) The horizontal separation between a character rectangle and a font rectangle"that is, the position of a given character within the font's bit image.

character origin

See: glyph origin

character type: A return value of the CharacterType function. Character type describes the features of a given character, such as whether it is a letter, number, or subscript character.

character width: The distance from one character's origin to the next character's origin. It is how far QuickDraw moves the pen after drawing a character.

character-code mapping table: A table in a font that matches character codes to glyph indexes.

chat: To communicate simultaneously with one or more other computer users by sending and receiving typed text.

checkbox: A square control with a text label that is designed to provide binary choices for users. A checkbox may display on, off, or mixed status

See also: radio button

checksum: A calculated value based on the contents of a packet's header and data information. A checksum is used to verify that the packet contents have not been corrupted by memory or data bus errors within routers on the internet.

child view port: For a given view port, a view port immediately below it in the view port hierarchy.

child view port list: A view port object property. A view port's child view port list is an array of references to the child view ports of that view port.

chromaticity: An intensity-independent color designation, represented by a pair of values (chromaticity coordinates) for the x and y components in Yxy space.

chunk: (1) Any distinct portion of a sound file. (2) In the movie resource formats, a collection of sample data in a media. Chunks allow optimized data access. A chunk may contain one or more samples. Chunks in a media may have different sizes and the samples within a chunk may have different sizes.

chunk header: The first segment of a chunk, which defines the characteristics of the chunk. Defined by the ChunkHeader data type.

CIE

See: Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE)

CIE-based color spaces: Color spaces that allow color to be expressed in a device-independent way, unlike RGB colors, which vary with display, and scanner characteristics and CMYK colors, which vary with printer, ink, and paper characteristics. CIE-based color spaces result from work carried out in 1931 by the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE). These color spaces are also referred to as device-independent color spaces.

class: In object-oriented programming, a description of a structure, including both data and methods, used as a template for creating objects.

classic 68K runtime architecture: The runtime architecture that has been used historically for 68K-based Macintosh computers. Its defining characteristics are the A5 world, segmented applications addressed through the jump table, and the application heap for dynamic storage allocation

See also: CFM-68K runtime architecture, PowerPC runtime architecture

client: (1) A computer that requests services from another computer, especially over a LAN

client application: (1) A program that requests text services such as input methods, spell-checking, and hyphenation from the Text Services Manager. Client applications use the Text Services Manager to search for, obtain information about, and communicate with text service components. (2) An application that uses Apple events to request a service (for example, printing a list of files, checking the spelling of a list of words, or performing a numeric calculation) from another application (called a server application). These applications can reside on the same local computer or on remote computers connected to a network.

client key: A key that is known only to a specific entity and to the authentication server.

clip: A property of a transform object, view port object, or view device object. It is a primitive shape, bitmap shape, or glyph shape that controls the visibility of a shape object.

clipped movie boundary region: The region that is clipped by the Movie Toolbox. This region combines the union of all track movie boundary regions for a movie, which is the movie's movie boundary region, with the movie's movie clipping region, which defines the portion of the movie boundary region that is to be used.

clipping region: A region to which an application can limit drawing. The initial clipping region of a graphics port is an arbitrarily large rectangle: one that covers the entire QuickDraw coordinate plane. An application can set the clipping region to any arbitrary region, to aid in drawing inside the graphics port.

clock chip: A special integrated circuit (IC) used for storing parameter RAM and the current date and time. This IC is powered by a battery when the system is off, thus keeping correct time and preserving the parameter RAM information.

clock component: A component that supplies basic time information to its clients. Clock components have a component type value of 'clok'.

clock control: A control that combines the features of an increment/decrement button and an editable text field into a control which displays a date, time, or both.

clone: To create another current reference to an existing object. The effect of cloning an object is to increase its owner count by 1.

closed connection: A connection state in which both connection ends have terminated the connection and disposed of the connection information that each maintains

See also: half-open connection, open connection

closed file: A file without an access path. You cannot read from or write to closed files.

closed-frame fill: A shape fill that connects the points of the geometry from the start point through the end point and on to the start point again. Same as hollow fill.

close box: The small white box on the left side of the title bar of an active window. Clicking it closes the window.

close region: The area occupied by a window's close box

See also: close box

close routine: A device driver routine that deactivates the driver and usually deallocates memory. All device drivers must implement a close routine.

closure: The set of connections for a root fragment and all the import libraries required for its execution

See also: root fragment

closure ID: A unique value assigned by the Code Fragment Manager to each active closure.

clump: A group of contiguous allocation blocks. Space is allocated to a new file in clumps to promote file contiguity and avoid fragmentation.

clump size: The number of allocation blocks to be allocated to a new file.

CLUT

See: color lookup table (CLUT)

CMM

See: color management module (CMM)

CMS

See: color management system

CMYK color space: A color space whose four components measure the cyan, magenta, yellow, and black elements of a color. Used mostly for printing.

CNID

See: catalog node ID

CNode

See: catalog node

codec

See: compression/decompression component (codec)

code fragment

See: fragment

code fragment information record: A part of a code fragment resource that provides information about a specific code fragment. There can be more than one code fragment information record in a code fragment resource.

Code Fragment Loader: The part of the Macintosh system software that reads containers and loads the fragments they contain into memory. Currently, the application programming interface to the Code Fragment Loader is private

Code Fragment Manager (CFM): The part of the Mac OS that loads fragments into memory and prepares them for execution. There are separate internal components to manage PowerPC code and CFM-68K code, but the APIs to the Code Fragment Manager are identical for each type of code. In general, the context determines which version of the Code Fragment Manager is being referred to.

code fragment resource: In CFM-based runtime architectures, a resource of type 'cfrg' with ID 0. The code fragment resource contains information used by the Code Fragment Manager to identify and prepare fragments.

code patch

See: patch

code resource: A resource created by the linker that contains the program's code. Code resources can be of many types"most commonly 'CODE', 'MPST', or 'DRVR'. Also called executable resource.

code section: A part of a fragment that holds executable code. The code must be position independent and read-only. A fragment may contain multiple code sections

See also: data section

code type

See: instruction set architecture (ISA)

code verifier: A bytecode verifier that is part of the Java runtime environment. The code verifier acts as a security measure to make sure the Java code to be executed cannot crash the Java virtual machine or otherwise attempt illegal actions that might allow the code access to the host platform.

coercion handler: A routine that coerces data from one descriptor type to another.

coercion handler dispatch table: A table in either the application heap or the system heap that the Apple Event Manager uses to map desired coercions to the appropriate coercion handler

See also: coercion handler

Collaboration package: The high-level APIs for the AOCE system software collaboration managers: the Standard Mail Package and the Standard Catalog Package

See also: Collaboration toolbox

Collaboration toolbox: The low-level APIs for the AOCE system software collaboration managers: the Authentication Manager, Catalog Manager, and Interprogram Messaging Manager

See also: AOCE toolbox, Collaboration package

collapse box: A small square located on the right end of the title bar of an active window. Clicking it once hides all of the window except the title bar; clicking it again makes the window reappear.

collapse region: The area occupied by a window's collapse box

See also: collapse box

collection: An abstract data type that allows you to store information. Unlike an array, a collection allows you to store variable-sized items.

collection index: A means of uniquely identifying each item within a collection.

collection item: A part of a collection.

Collection Manager: A part of system software, related to QuickDraw GX, that manages collection.

collection object

See: collection

collision detection: The ability of an ADB device to detect that another ADB device is transmitting data at the same time.

color: A QuickDraw GX data structure"also a property of an ink object"that specifies a color in terms of a particular color space and the values for each of the color's components within that color space. A color structure can also contain a reference to a color profile object.

colorimetric matching: A color-matching method in which colors common to the gamuts of both devices are maintained across the match

See also: perceptual matching, saturation matching

colorize: To use the CopyBits procedure to copy colors into black-and-white images.

ColorSync: A platform-independent color management system from Apple Computer that provides services for fast, consistent, and accurate desktop color calibration, proofing, and reproduction.

ColorSync Manager: A set of system software functions (or API) that provide device-independent color-matching and color conversion services for device drivers and applications; the implementation of ColorSync for the Mac OS.

color bank: A structure into which all the colors of a picture, pixel map, or bitmap are gathered by the Picture Utilities or by your application for later selection. The Picture Utilities generate a color bank consisting of a histogram to a resolution of 5 bits per color.

color channel

See: color component

color component: A dimension of a color value expressed as a numeric value. For the ColorSync Manager, depending on the color space, a color value may consist of one, two, three, four, or eight components, also referred to as channels.

color conversion: The process of converting colors from one color space to another in a mathematically reversible way.

color gamut

See: gamut

color graphics port: The sophisticated color drawing environment provided by Color QuickDraw. A color graphics port is defined by a data structure of type CGrafPort and contains the information that Color QuickDraw uses to create and manipulate grayscale and color images onscreen.

color icon record: A data structure of type CIcon used for information obtained from a color icon ('cicn') resource.

color icon resource: A resource of type 'cicn' used for color icon resource data. A color icon resource can define a color icon of any size without a mask or a 32-by-32 pixel color icon with a mask. You can define the bit depth for a color icon resource and you can use resources of type 'cicn' in menus and dialog boxes. Note that the Finder does not use or display any resources that you create of type 'cicn'. To create an icon for display by the Finder, create one or more of the icons in an icon family

See also: icon resource, icon family, small icon resource

color lookup table (CLUT): A data structure that maps color indexes specified with QuickDraw into actual color values. Color lookup tables are internal to certain types of graphics devices

See also: color table

color management module (CMM): A component, also referred to as a CMM, that carries out the actual color matching and gamut-checking processes based on requests resulting from calls a program makes to the ColorSync Manager API. An application or driver can supply its own CMM or it can use the robust default CMM that Apple supplies.

color management system: (CMS) Software that provides consistent color across peripheral devices and across operating-system platforms by converting colors from the color space of one device to the color space of another device.

Color Manager: A set of system software routines that supply color-selection support for Color QuickDraw. Most applications never need to call the Color Manager directly.

color matching: The process of adjusting or matching converted colors appropriately to achieve maximum similarity from the gamut of one color space to the other. Color matching always involves color conversion, whereas color conversion may not entail color matching. Matching also involves devices, and may not be reversible.

color packing: The storing of colors in formats that are smaller than the unpacked formats. Whereas unpacked colors may require 48 or 64 bits to describe a color value, packed formats may require only 16 or 32 bits.

Color Picker Utilities: A set of system software routines that enable your application to solicit color choices from users. The Color Picker Utilities also provide routines that allow your application to convert colors between those specified in RGBColor records as used by Color QuickDraw and those used in other color models, such as the CMYK model used by most color printers.

color profile: A QuickDraw GX object associated with a transfer mode, color, or bitmap data structure and used for color matching. A color profile usually describes the color response curve of a display device in terms of an objective standard.

Color QuickDraw: The set of QuickDraw routines that you use to create and manipulate graphics information in a color graphics port. You can use Color QuickDraw to create a color image and then display it on any type of screen"black and white, color, or grayscale. Most Color QuickDraw routines are in ROM on Macintosh computers that use an MC68020 or faster processor

See also: basic QuickDraw

color ramp: A shape or image in which the shading goes from one color to another in smooth increments.

color set: A QuickDraw GX object associated with a transfer mode or bitmap data structure. A color set defines the individual colors available for drawing a shape.

color space: A model for representing color in terms of intensity values; a color space specifies how color information is represented. It defines a multidimensional space whose dimensions, or components, represent intensity values.

color space profile: A profile that contains the data necessary to translate color values, such as CIE into RGB or RGB into CIE, as necessary for color matching. Color space profiles provide a convenient means for CMMs to convert between different nondevice profiles

See also: profile, abstract profile, device profile, named color space profile

color table: A collection of colors available for a pixel image on indexed devices. Color tables are specified by either ColorTable records or 'clut' resource types. The Color Manager stores a color table for the currently available colors in the graphics device's CLUT

color value: A complete specification of a color in a given color space. Depending on the color space used, one, two, three, or four color-component values combine to make a color value.

color-average tint: A halftone tint type in which the tint color is specified by the average of all the components of the input color.

color-component value: A value that represents the color of a component. Each component of a color space has a color-component value. A color-component value can vary from 0 to 65,535 (0xFFFF), although the numerical interpretation of that range is different for different color spaces. In most cases, color-component intensities are interpreted numerically as varying between 0 and 1.0

color-matching method: A specific algorithm for matching colors. Different algorithms have different purposes. See, for example, colorimetric matching, perceptual matching, saturation matching.

color-mixture tint: A halftone tint type in which the tint color is specified by the mixture of dot color and background color closest to the input color.

color-value array: A property of a color set object; it is the array of color values that constitute the colors of the color set.

come-from patch: A system software patch used only by Apple to add enhancements to system software. Come-from patches are placed before any other types of patches in a patch daisy chain.

command

See: embedded speech command, sound command

command block: A data structure specifying an AFP command and its parameters that the .XPP driver sends to an AFP server to be executed. The XPP parameter block for the AFPCommand function contains a pointer to the command block.

command control block (CCB): An array at the end of the XPP parameter block that the .XPP driver uses internally to build the data structures, parameter blocks, and buffer data structures (BDS) that it needs to make function calls to the .ATP driver.

command delimiter: A sequence of one or two characters that indicates the start or end of an embedded speech command.

command descriptor block (CDB): A data structure defined by the SCSI specification for communicating commands from an initiator to a target.

command phase: The phase in which a SCSI target requests a command from the initiator.

Command-key equivalent: Refers specifically to a keyboard equivalent that the user invokes by holding down the Command key and pressing another key (other than a modifier key) at the same time.

Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE): An organization that carried out experimental work that resulted in the definition of the XYZ and Yxy color spaces.

common parent: The lowest-level directory that appears in the pathnames of two objects on a volume.

Communications Toolbox: A part of the Macintosh system software that you can use to provide your application with basic networking and communications services.

compact

See: heap compaction

comparison descriptor record: A coerced AE record of type typeCompDescriptor that specifies an Apple event object and either another Apple event object or data for the Apple Event Manager to compare to the first object.

compatibility: The ability of an application to execute properly in different operating environments.

compiled script: Compiled code that a client application can decompile into source data or execute using the standard scripting component routines.

compiled script file: A script file with the file type 'scpt' that contains script data as a resource of type 'scpt'. Before executing the script in a compiled script file, a user must first open the script from the Finder or from an application such as Script Editor.

compile-time library

See: definition version

completer key: A keypress, following a dead key, that generates a character. The key e is a completer key for the dead-key combination Option-E.

completion character: The character produced by a completer key. The completion character for the completer key e pressed after the dead-key combination Option-E is _.

completion routine: A routine that is executed when an asynchronous call to some other routine is completed.

complex expression: An expression made up of more than one simple expression, that is, an expression with more than one floating-point operation.

component: A piece of code that provides a defined set of services to one or more clients. Applications, system extensions, and other components can use the services of a component

See also: audio component, color component, sound component, text service component

component connection: An access path to a component. A single component can serve multiple client applications at the same time by supporting multiple connections.

component description record: A structure that contains information about a component. Defined by the ComponentDescription data type.

component identifier: A value that identifies a particular component.

component instance: A value that identifies a single executing version of a component. There can be more than one instance of a given component running at one time. Each instance of a component can maintain separate storage and error information, and manage its A5 world.

Component Manager: A collection of routines that allows your application or other clients to access components. The Component Manager manages components and also provides services to components.

component mode: A transfer mode type, as applied to a single color component. It is the specification of the kind of transfer mode"such as copy mode or XOR mode"to apply to that color component when drawing a shape or pixel.

component subtype: A value that identifies variations on the basic interface that a component supports. As with component types, a component subtype is a sequence of four characters. The value of the component subtype is meaningful only in the context of a given component type.

component tint: A halftone tint type in which the tint color is specified by the value of one component of the input color.

component type: A value that identifies the type of service provided by a component. As with resource types, a component type is a sequence of four characters

See also: component subtype

component-specific storage descriptor record: A descriptor record returned by OSAStore. The descriptor type for a component-specific storage descriptor record is the scripting component subtype value for the scripting component that created the script data.

compressed sound data: Sampled-sound data that has been subjected to audio compression.

compressed sound header: A sound header that can describe noncompressed and compressed sampled-sound data, whether monophonic or stereo. Defined by the CmpSoundHeader data type

See also: extended sound header, sampled sound header

compression

See: audio compression

compression information record: A structure you use to specify information about a sound component that can decompress compressed audio data. Defined by the CompressionInfo data type.

compression/decompression component (codec): A component that handles data compression and decompression.

compressor component

See: image decompressor component, image compressor component

computer-generated speech

See: synthesized speech

concatenate: To add (through matrix multiplication) the effects of one mapping matrix to another, as when the mappings of view ports in a view port hierarchy are concatenated to convert from local space to global space.

concurrent driver: A driver that can handle several requests at once.

conditional view: A view in an information page that is displayed only if certain conditions are met in the aspect associated with that information page.

Condition Register (CR): A register in the PowerPC processor that holds the result of certain integer and floating-point operations.

configuration resource

See: international configuration resource

configuration ROM

See: declaration ROM

confirm: To accept converted text in an active input area or floating input window as final and send it to the application

See also: convert, raw text

connection: (1) A physical hookup between two separate entities, typically individual computer hosts. (2) A channel of communication between a component and its client. A component instance is used to identify the connection. (3) A link between two fragments. (4) An incarnation of a fragment within a process. A fragment may have several unique connections, each local to a particular process.

connectionless network: A network over which an application or process can directly send and receive data one packet at a time without having to first set up a session or connection. A connectionless network is also referred to as a packet-oriented network or datagram network. A protocol can also be connectionless.

connection control block (CCB): A data structure that is used by ADSP to store state information about the connection end.

connection end: The combination of a socket and the ADSP information maintained by a socket client for establishing and maintaining a session. The client applications associated with either end of a connection can communicate with each other over the session connection.

connection ID: A unique value assigned by the Code Fragment Manager to each active connection.

connection listener: A socket that accepts open-connection requests and passes them along to its client, a connection server process, for further processing. A connection listener can also deny an open request.

connection server: A routine that accepts an open-connection request passed to it by a connection listener and selects a socket to respond to the request.

connection state: One of three conditions that define the association between two connection ends: open connection, closed connection, and half-open connection.

connection-oriented protocol: A protocol that requires that a path or session be established over which the two communicating parties at either end of the connection can send and receive data. The process of establishing a session often requires that the two parties identify themselves in a handshake.

connectivity: The ability to connect to one or another type of data link or network. The connectivity infrastructure includes the communication hardware and the associated link-access protocols for controlling access to the hardware links.

constructive geometry: Mathematical operations, such as intersection and union, that construct new shape geometries out of input shape geometries.

container: (1) The physical storage area for a fragment. Containers can be a file, a section of ROM, or even a resource. (2) An Apple event object that contains another Apple event object. A container is specified in an object specifier record by a keyword-specified descriptor record with the keyword keyAEContainer. The keyword-specified descriptor record is usually another object specifier record. It can also be a null descriptor record, or it can be used much like a variable when the Apple Event Manager determines a range or performs a series of tests. The objects a container contains can be either elements or properties

See also: Apple event object, element, object specifier record, property

container atom: A QuickTime atom that contains other atoms, possibly including other container atoms. Examples of container atoms are track atoms and edit atoms

See also: leaf atom

container header: A data structure that contains information about a given container, such as the number of code and data sections, the number of imported symbols it requires, and so on.

container hierarchy: The chain of containers that determine the location of one or more Apple event objects

See also: container

content block: A message block that contains the body of a letter in standard interchange format.

content enclosure: An enclosure that contains a letter's content. It may be the sole content in a letter or be accompanied by content in a content block, an image block, or both

See also: regular enclosure

content region: The part of a window available for an application to present data or embed controls

See also: structure region

context: (1) The information about a process maintained by the Process Manager. This information includes the current state of the process, the address and size of its partition, its type, its creator, a copy of its low-memory globals, information about its 'SIZE' resource, and a process serial number. (2) The block of static data (global variables, static variables, and function pointers) associated with one loading of an import library. Each application is loaded into its own context. (3) A data structure used by some Digital Signature Manager routines to hold information and the results of calculations needed when processing data

See also: queue context

contextual form: An alternate form of a glyph whose use depends on the glyph's placement in a word.

contextual menu: A pop-up menu containing commands and assistance specific to the item being pointed at by the cursor. Contextual menus are not part of a control, nor are they selected from the menu bar

See also: pop-up menu

contextual script system: A script system, such as Arabic, in which the displayed glyph for a character may be context-dependent. It may be modified based on the characters it is adjacent to.

context block

See: 680x0 context block

context dependence: In text, when the glyph corresponding to a character may be modified depending on the preceding or following characters in the text.

context switch: A major or minor switch.

contiguous highlighting: Highlighting that consists of a single, contiguous shape across direction boundaries, even when it does not exactly match the selection range it corresponds to

See also: discontiguous highlighting

continuous play from disk

See: play from disk

continuous recording: A feature of a sound input device driver that allows recording from the device while other processing continues.

continuous style: In TextEdit, a style value that is constant over an entire selection range.

contour: A connected series of lines and curves. The geometry property of a geometric shape is made up of one or more contours.

contour direction: A value, either clockwise or counterclockwise, that QuickDraw GX assigns to each contour in a shape's geometry.

contour index: A number used to specify a particular geometric point in a contour: the first geometric point in a contour has contour index 1, the second has contour index 2, and so on

See also: geometry index

control: An object with which the user, by using the mouse or keyboard equivalents, can cause instant action with visible results or change settings to modify a future action.

controller boundary rectangle: The rectangle that completely encloses a movie controller. If the controller is attached to its movie, the rectangle also encloses the movie image.

controller boundary region: The region occupied by a movie controller. If the controller is attached to its movie, the region also includes the movie image.

controller clipping region: The clipping region of a movie controller. Only the portion of the controller and its movie that lies within the clipping region is visible to the user.

controller window region: The portion of a movie controller and its movie that is visible to the user.

control bits: A set of bit flags in a path geometry that determines which geometric points are on curve and which are off curve.

control color table: In an item color table resource, a specification for the colors used to draw the various parts of a control.

control definition function: A function that defines the appearance and behavior of a control. A control definition function, for example, draws the control

See also: standard control definition functions

control definition ID: A number passed to control-creation routines to indicate the type of control. It consists of the control definition function's resource ID and a variation code.

control device function: A function that interacts and communicates with the Finder, responding to requests from the Finder to handle events and perform actions. Every implementation of a control panel must contain a control device function in the control device code ('cdev') resource.

control list: A series of entries pointing to the descriptions of the controls associated with the window.

Control Manager: A collection of routines that applications use to create and manipulate controls, especially those in windows.

control panel: A utility accessible through a modeless dialog box. Control panels allow users to configure global or hardware settings or settings that have no visible effect.

Control Panels folder: A directory located in the System Folder for storing control panels, which allow users to modify the work environment of their Macintosh computer.

control panel extension: A collection of routines that manages a certain part of a control panel's display area.

control panel file: A file of type 'cdev' that contains the required and optional resources to implement a control panel. These resources also define the look of a control panel, including its icon. One of the required resources is a code resource containing a control device function.

control point: A geometric point used to control the curvature of a curve.

control record: A data structure of type ControlRecord, which the Control Manager uses to store all the information it needs for its operations on a control.

control routine: A device driver routine used to send control information. The function of the control routine is driver-specific. This routine is optional and need not be implemented.

convert: To change the text entered in an active input area or floating input window into an ideographic or other complex form. An input method converts raw text, such as Hiragana, into converted text, such as Kanji

See also: confirm

convertor

See: translator

cooperative multitasking: A policy for sharing the CPU and other system resources among multiple applications. In a cooperative multitasking environment, applications cooperate by yielding control of the CPU to one another

See also: preemptive multitasking

coordinate plane

See: coordinate space

coordinate space: A planar region defined by all possible values for a pair of fixed-point coordinates. The coordinate spaces supported by QuickDraw GX include geometry space, local space, global space, and device space.

coordinate system

See: coordinate space

copying: As used by AOCE utility routines: the process of taking the contents of each field in a source structure and placing them in the corresponding field of a destination structure. This process includes all nested structures as well

See also: duplicating

copy mode: A transfer mode type in which the source color component is copied to the destination, and the destination component is ignored.

copy-back cache: A cache whose data is written to RAM only when necessary to make room in the cache for data accessed more recently or when the cache is explicitly flushed

See also: write-through cache

core Apple event: An Apple event defined as part of the Core suite of Apple events in the Apple Event Registry: Standard Suites.

counter: The oval in glyphs such as p or d.

courteous color: A color that accepts whatever value the Color Manager determines is the closest match available in the color table

See also: tolerant color

cover function: An application-defined function that is called by the Movie Toolbox whenever a movie covers a portion of the screen or reveals a portion of the screen that was previously hidden by the movie.

CR

See: Condition Register (CR)

create function: A function called by a scripting component whenever it creates an Apple event during script execution. You must provide an alternative create function if you want to gain control over the creation and addressing of Apple events. If you don't provide an alternative create function, scripting components call the standard Apple Event Manager function AECreateAppleEvent with default parameters.

creation ID

See: attribute creation ID, record creation ID

creator

See: creator code

creator code: A value, typically a four-character sequence, identifying the application that created a file. (Often an application sets its signature as the file's creator.) See also signature.

credentials: (1) Encrypted information provided by a server and sent by an initiator to a recipient as part of the authentication process. The credentials contain the session key and the initiator's identification. (2) Information that is required to prove that the potential users of both ends of an ASDSP connection are who they claim to be before ASDSP can establish an authenticated session between the two ends. This information includes the session key, the initiator's identity, and an intermediary, if one is used.

cross-mode call: A call to code that is in a different instruction set architecture from the caller's

See also: explicit cross-mode call, implicit cross-mode call

cross-stream kerning: The automatic movement of glyphs perpendicular to the line orientation of the text

See also: with-stream kerning

cross-stream shift: A type of positional shift that applies equally to all glyphs in a style run by raising or lowering the entire style run (or shifts it sideways if it's vertical text)

See also: with-stream shift

cross-TOC call: A call to code that is in a different fragment from the caller's. A cross-TOC call requires that the Table of Contents Register be changed to the callee's TOC value.

CSAM

See: catalog service access module (CSAM)

current block: The message block last added to a message.

current device: The graphics device on which drawing is actually taking place. A handle to its GDevice record is stored in the global variable TheGDevice.

current directory: The directory whose contents are listed in the dialog box displayed by the Standard File Package

See also: default directory

current disk: The current volume.

current error: One of two error values maintained by the Movie Toolbox. The current error value is updated by every Movie Toolbox function. The other error value, the sticky error, is updated only when an application directs the Movie Toolbox to do so.

current font: The current font for drawing text; the font specified in the txFont field of the current graphics port.

current heap zone: The heap zone currently under attention, to which most Memory Manager operations implicitly apply.

current location: The folder or volume whose name appears as the title of the Location button and whose contents are being displayed in a dialog box's browser list.

current menu list: A data structure that contains handles to the menu records of all menus in the current menu bar and the menu records of any submenus or pop-up menus that an application inserts into the list.

current port: The graphics port to which the next drawing or measuring operation applies. The current port is specified by the global variable thePort, and changed by the QuickDraw SetPort procedure.

current printer: The printer that the user last selected from the Chooser.

current process: The process that is currently executing and whose A5 world is valid; this process can be in the background or the foreground.

current resource file: The file whose resource fork the Resource Manager searches first when searching for a resource; usually the file whose resource fork was opened most recently.

current script: The script system currently used for text manipulation or display. It is the script system used by a script-aware text-handling routine when the identity of the script or its resources is not an explicit parameter of the call. The current script can be either the font script or the system script.

current selection: A portion of a QuickTime movie that has been selected for a cut, copy, or paste operation.

current sound input device: The sound input device that the user has chosen through the Sound In subpanel of the Sound control panel.

current sound output device: The sound output device that the user has chosen through the Sound Out subpanel of the Sound control panel.

current time: The time value that represents the point of a QuickTime movie that is currently playing or would be playing if the movie had a nonzero rate value.

current volume: The volume on which the current directory is located.

cursive font: A set of characters in one typeface in which letters are connected together as in cursive handwriting.

cursor: An image that moves to reflect relative locations on the screen as the user moves the mouse.

Cursor Utilities: A collection of system software routines for creating and using cursors, including color and animated cursors.

curve error: A property of the style object used to specify the accuracy of certain operations, such as converting paths to polygons.

curve join: A join attribute specifying that a shape should be drawn with curved corners.

curve shape: A type of QuickDraw GX shape. The geometry of a curve shape defines a Bezier curve.

cushion

See: memory cushion

customization rectangle: The area in a dialog box that is available for application-defined items.

customized icon: An icon created by the user or by an application and stored with a resource ID of _16455 in the resource fork of a file. A file with a customized icon has the hasCustomIcon bit set in its Finder flags field.

custom alert box: An alert box whose upper-left corner contains blank space or displays an icon other than those used by caution alerts, stop alerts, or note alerts.

custom Apple event: An Apple event you define for use by your own applications. Instead of creating custom Apple events, you should try to use the standard Apple events and extend their definitions as necessary for your application. If you think you need to define custom Apple events, you should check with the Apple Event Registrar to find out whether Apple events that already exist or are under development can be adapted to the needs of your application.