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Leopard Reference Library
Apple provides APIs, file format specifications, and other resources to provide developers with opportunities to interact with and extend various Apple applications.

A guided introduction to writing code that interacts with Apple applications.   Essential information for developers integrating their code with Apple's applications.   C and Objective-C API references organized by framework.
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ABAddressBook C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the opaque type for accessing, adding, and removing Address Book records.
Address Book Reference 2007-07-08
ABMutableMultiValue Class Objective-C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to use these classes to represent properties that might have multiple values.
Address Book Reference 2006-05-23
ABMutableMultiValue Reference for C (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the opaque type for accessing Address Book properties with multiple values.
Address Book Reference 2003-08-20
ABPresence (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Displays a list of all the people in your Address Book and their iChat status.
Address Book, iChat Sample Code 2006-08-04
ABRecord Class Objective-C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describres how this superclass providies a common interface to and defines common properties for all Address Book records.
Address Book Reference 2006-07-26
ABSearchElement C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the opaque type for specifying a query to search for Address Book records.
Address Book Reference 2005-04-29
Adding menu separator items to controls in a Sherlock channel (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1219: Using menu-item separators in an NSPopUpButton control of a Sherlock channel.
Sherlock Technical Q&As 2003-01-21
Address Book C Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for supporting and working with Address Book.
Address Book Reference 2006-05-23
Address Book Objective-C Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Cocoa API for supporting and working with Address Book.
Address Book Reference 2007-07-08
Address Book Programming Guide for Mac OS X (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to add, search, remove, and customize Address Book records.
Address Book Guides 2006-04-04
Address Book Reference Update (HTML) (PDF)
Summarizes the symbols added to the Address Book framework.
Address Book Release Notes 2007-07-18
AddressBookCarbon (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates some basic manipulations of the Mac OS X 10.2.x (and beyond) Address Book API.
Address Book Sample Code 2003-01-14
AddressBookCocoa (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates some basic manipulations of the Mac OS X 10.2.x (and beyond) Address Book API.
Address Book Sample Code 2003-01-14
AlbumToSlideshow (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates using CF and NSXML to create Final Cut Pro XML.
Final Cut Pro/Final Cut Express, iPhoto Sample Code 2008-05-15
AMAction Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the abstract class that defines the interface and general characteristics of Automator actions.
Automator Reference 2007-03-01
AMAppleScriptAction Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to support Automator actions that are driven by AppleScript scripts.
Automator Reference 2006-10-26
AMBundleAction Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to support Automator actions that are loadable bundles.
Automator Reference 2006-10-26
AMShellScriptAction Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to support Automator actions driven by a shell script or by a Perl or Python script.
Automator Reference 2006-10-26
AMWorkflow Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to represent an Automator workflow within an application.
Automator Reference 2006-10-26
AMWorkflowController Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to control an Automator workflow in an application.
Automator Reference 2007-07-09
AMWorkflowView Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Automator Reference 2006-11-09
Aperture 2.1 SDK Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Update for Aperture SDK 2.1
Aperture Guides 2008-04-23
Aperture 2.1 SDK Reference (HTML)
Documents the Aperture APIs for creating an export plug-in or an image editing plug-in.
Aperture Reference 2008-04-23
Aperture Edit Plugin - Borders & Titles (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
"Borders & Titles" is a sample plugin for Aperture that demonstrates how to use the image editing API introduced with Aperture 2.1
Aperture Sample Code 2008-06-02
Aperture Image Resizer (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Sample Aperture Export Plug-In code
Aperture Sample Code 2007-06-08
Apple Applications Schema Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the schemas used by Apple Applications to sync records such as contacts, calendars, and bookmarks.
Address Book, iCal, iSync, Mail, Safari Reference 2007-10-31
Apple Image Capture Camera Module changes for Mac OS X Update 10.1.3 (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN2040: Changes to the Apple Image Capture camera modules for Mac OS X Update 10.1.3.
Image Capture Technical Notes 2002-04-16
Apple JavaScript Coding Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Provides an overview of the JavaScript language, its object-oriented features, and coding best practices.
Dashboard, Safari Guides 2008-11-19
AppleScriptRunner (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to send mail and execute other AppleScripts from a Carbon application.
Mail Sample Code 2006-07-31
Apply Firmware Password (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to create an Automator Action for System Image Utility.
Automator Sample Code 2007-06-12
Automating Development Tasks with Automator and Xcode (HTML)
Learn to streamline daily tasks in your development projects using Automator.
Automator Articles 2006-08-07
Automator AppleScript Actions Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
Guides you through the procedure for creating a simple Automator action implemented in AppleScript.
Automator Guides 2007-07-18
Automator Constants Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the constants defined in the Automator framework not described in individual classes.
Automator Reference 2007-05-10
Automator Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Objective-C API for creating and working with actions used by the Automator application.
Automator, General Reference 2006-10-26
Automator Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the concepts and tasks for developing actions, which are bundles loaded by the Automator application.
Automator Guides 2007-12-11
Automator Reference Update (HTML) (PDF)
Summarizes the symbols added to the Automtor framework.
Automator Release Notes 2007-07-25
Automator Release Notes (HTML)
Updated for changes in Mac OS X version 10.5.
Automator Release Notes 2007-10-31
AutomatorHandsOn (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates several methods for building Automator Actions
Automator Sample Code 2007-06-12
Availability of Quartz Composer Patches in Web Kit (HTML)
QA1505: Details which Quartz Composer patches are available in Web Kit
Dashboard, Safari Technical Q&As 2007-03-05
Birthdays (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Dashboard widget with a plug-in that queries AddressBook.framework for contacts with upcoming birthdays.
Address Book, Dashboard Sample Code 2008-09-10
Bonjour Printer Subtype for HTTP (HTML)
QA1555: Describes how printer vendors can register their bonjour service such that Safari can see them.
Safari Technical Q&As 2008-03-25
Browser Plugins in Mac OS X (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN2020: Describes the format of web browser plugins for Mac OS X.
Safari Technical Notes 2001-05-31
Calendar Store Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Calendar Store framework classes and methods used to access iCal data.
General, iCal Reference 2007-07-08
Calendar Store Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to access iCal data.
General, iCal Guides 2007-10-31
Calendar Store Reference Update (HTML) (PDF)
Summarizes the symbols added to the CalendarStore framework.
iCal Release Notes 2007-07-18
CalendarItems (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Creates new iCal Events and Tasks ("To Do's") using Objective-C 2 and the Calendar Store framework
iCal Sample Code 2007-10-15
CapabilitiesSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to detect Image Capture device capabilities and send messages to devices with ICAObjectSendMessage.
Image Capture Sample Code 2003-01-14
CCL Modem Scripting Guide (HTML) (PDF)
iSync Guides 2007-06-28
CCL Modem Scripting Release Notes (HTML)
Explains changes to modem CCLs for Mac OS X v10.5 and what to do to change existing and supersede older scripts.
iSync Release Notes 2007-10-31
CocoaPeoplePicker (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use the AddressBook framework's ABPeoplePickerView.
Address Book Sample Code 2003-12-11
Crash in ABAddPropertiesAndTypes (HTML)
QA1404: How to correctly add custom Address Book properties using ABAddPropertiesAndTypes
Address Book Technical Q&As 2005-04-04
Creating Printing Presets for iPhoto (HTML) (PDF)
Rules for creating and installing printer-specific collections of settings. Includes a sample file.
iPhoto Guides 2005-07-07
Daemons and Agents (HTML)
TN2083: Describes the most common problems encountered with daemons and agents, and suggests detailed solutions.
Final Cut Server Technical Notes 2007-11-05
Dashboard Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains Dashboard and WebKit technologies used in widgets.
Dashboard Guides 2009-02-04
Dashboard Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for implementing Dashboard widgets.
Dashboard Reference 2009-02-04
Dashcode User Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Dashcode to create Dashboard widgets.
Dashboard Guides 2009-03-04
Debugging a WebKit Plug-in in Xcode (HTML)
QA1500: Directions for debugging a WebKit plug-in in Xcode.
Safari Technical Q&As 2007-06-05
Debugging Dashboard Widgets (HTML)
TN2139: Dashboard widget troubleshooting techniques, from start to finish.
Dashboard, Safari Technical Notes 2005-09-07
Does Safari support 128-bit encryption? (HTML)
QA1320: Discusses support for 128-bit encryption in Apple's Safari web browser.
Safari Technical Q&As 2004-09-10
Duplicate Finder Items (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to build an Automator action targeting Finder using AppleScript.
Automator Sample Code 2005-06-06
Enhance Your Dashboard Widgets with Quartz Composer Compositions (HTML)
Learn to create a composition and embed it easily in your widgets.
Dashboard, Quartz Composer Articles 2007-02-13
Fader (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates fading of elements inside a Dashboard widget
Dashboard, Safari Sample Code 2007-09-12
Final Cut Pro - Preferred Video Media Time Scales and Sample Durations (HTML)
QA1447: Lists the preferred time scales/sample durations for media created for use with FCP.
Final Cut Pro/Final Cut Express Technical Q&As 2005-10-24
Final Cut Pro - The 'r4fl' Pixel Format (HTML)
TN2201: Describes the 'r4fl' pixel format used by Final Cut Pro to support greater than 8-bit rendering.
Final Cut Pro/Final Cut Express Technical Notes 2008-08-06
Final Cut Pro XML Interchange Format (HTML) (PDF)
Describes Final Cut Pro XML Interchange Format version 4, providing access to contents of FCP projects.
Final Cut Pro/Final Cut Express Guides 2009-02-04
FinalCutPro_AppleEvents (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Uses Apple Events to interact with Final Cut Pro 5.1.2 or later.
Final Cut Pro/Final Cut Express Sample Code 2007-11-16
FinalCutServerIntegrationSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to integrate an external application with Final Cut Server
Final Cut Pro/Final Cut Express, Final Cut Server Sample Code 2008-06-07
Fortune (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Demonstrates use of a widget plug-in
Dashboard Sample Code 2005-06-01
FxPlug Reference (HTML)
Describes the APIs for writing plug-ins for Motion and Final Cut Pro.
Final Cut Pro/Final Cut Express, Motion Reference 2008-07-04
FxPlug SDK Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Update for FxPlug SDK 1.2.3.
Final Cut Pro/Final Cut Express, Motion Guides 2008-07-04
Gamma Filter for FxPlug and AE (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Cross-application FxPlug and After Effects plug-in code.
Final Cut Pro/Final Cut Express, Motion Sample Code 2008-06-02
Getting images in and out from Quartz Composer compositions (HTML)
TN2143: Describes how to efficiently pass images into and out of Quartz Composer
Quartz Composer Technical Notes 2005-10-04
Goodbye World (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates display and use of widget preferences to save a widget's state
Dashboard Sample Code 2007-06-28
Hello Welt (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates localization techniques for Dashboard widgets
Dashboard Sample Code 2007-06-25
Hello World (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Introductory Dashboard widget example
Dashboard Sample Code 2005-06-01
How can I optimize a Quartz Composer composition depending on the hardware it runs on? (HTML)
QA1433: Explains how to design compositions that adapt to the hardware limitations.
Quartz Composer Technical Q&As 2005-06-01
HTML Video With CSS Effects and Custom Video Controls (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
HTML5 video element example that uses CSS effects and custom video controls.
Safari Sample Code 2008-08-06
ICADownloadFirst (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates using the Image Capture APIs asynchronously to download the first image in the first device found.
Image Capture Sample Code 2003-01-14
ICAObjectDumper (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A command-line tool that uses the Image Capture APIs to display the ICAObject hierarchy.
Image Capture Sample Code 2003-01-14
iChatAppleScriptSamples (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Sample AppleScripts demonstrating new iChat AppleScript features in Leopard, including Event Handlers.
iChat Sample Code 2006-08-04
iChatStatusFromApplication (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to communicate with iChat using Scripting Bridge.
iChat Sample Code 2008-03-31
ImagesToQTMovie (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Creates a QuickTime movie from the images of any connected camera.
Image Capture Sample Code 2003-01-14
Instant Message Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for providing iChat presence information to Cocoa applications and using iChat Theater.
iChat Reference 2007-07-08
Instant Message Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to access iChat services and buddies and use iChat Theater through code samples.
General, iChat Guides 2007-10-31
Integrating Sync Services into Your Application (HTML)
Learn how to sync any kind of data in your application using Sync Services.
Address Book, iCal, iSync, Safari Articles 2005-06-06
Intel-Based Macs, Dashboard, Safari, and You (HTML)
QA1451: Concerns and details regarding widget and web development for Intel-based Macintosh computers
Dashboard, Safari Technical Q&As 2006-12-13
iSync JavaScript Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a few JavaScript classes used to write phone connection functions in iSync Plug-in Maker.
iSync Reference 2009-01-09
iSync Manual Test Suite Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the suite of manual test cases that plug-in developers should run before shipping their product.
General, iSync Guides 2007-07-11
iSync Plug-in Maker User Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the iSync Plug-in Maker tool to create and test iSync phone plug-ins.
General, iSync Guides 2007-07-10
iSync Sample Document (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
iSync Plug-in Maker sample document, illustrating how to build an iSync plug-in for a SyncML phone.
iSync Sample Code 2006-08-01
iSync SyncML Guide (PDF)
Guidelines on how to develop SyncML clients that are compatible with iSync.
General, iSync Guides 2007-07-11
iSync SyncML Reference (PDF)
Describes the SyncML (OMA DS) commands that are supported by iSync.
General, iSync Reference 2007-07-11
iTunes Visual Plug-ins (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN2016: Describes the APIs used by iTunes and its Visual plug-ins to communicate back and forth.
iTunes Technical Notes 2007-11-13
iTunesController (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
iTunesController allows you to control iTunes without having to bring it to the foreground.
iTunes Sample Code 2006-02-23
iWork Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the XML schemas for Keynote presentations and Pages documents.
Keynote, Pages Guides 2005-11-09
Leopard Technology Series for Developers: Broadcast Your Application's Content with iChat Theater (HTML)
Leopard Overview article on using the Instant Messaging framework.
iCal Articles 2007-05-22
Leopard Technology Series for Developers: Introducing Dashcode (HTML)
Learn how Dashcode makes widget development easier than ever.
Dashboard Articles 2007-01-09
Mac OS X Server iCal Service Administration (PDF)
Explains how to set up and manage iCal shared calendar service.
iCal Guides 2008-06-09
Mac OS X Server iChat Service Administration (PDF)
New document that explains how to set up and manage iChat instant messaging service.
iChat Guides 2007-10-31
Mail Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to customize Mail features.
Mail Guides 2007-05-22