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AppleScript, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Ruby, Python, various shell script dialects, and other popular scripting languages are available in Mac OS X. Developers can make their applications scriptable, enabling automation of repetitive tasks through AppleScript scripts. To make automation even easier, the Automator application offers a simple drag-and-drop interface for users to create sophisticated workflows involving Mac OS X system services and Apple applications. Developers and script writers can also create their own Automator actions, allowing applications, shell scripts, and AppleScript scripts to be called from within Automator workflows.

Learning paths for scripters, system administrators, and application developers.   Essential information about using and supporting scripts and automation.   C and Objective-C API references, organized by framework.
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Apple Event Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for interapplication communication using Apple events.
AppleScript Reference 2007-07-13
Apple Events Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Provides conceptual information and programming examples for working with Apple events.
AppleScript Guides 2007-10-31
AppleScript Language Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Defines the AppleScript scripting language. Includes many brief sample scripts.
AppleScript Guides 2008-03-11
AppleScript Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces the technology for writing scripts to control applications. Useful for scripters and application developers.
AppleScript Guides 2007-10-31
AppleScript Release Notes (HTML)
Describes late breaking news and highlights of new or changed features in the latest release of AppleScript.
AppleScript Release Notes 2007-12-11
AppleScript Release Notes (Mac OS X 10.4 and earlier) (HTML)
Describes late breaking news and highlights of new or changed features in previous releases of AppleScript.
AppleScript Release Notes 2007-10-31
AppleScript Studio 1.4 Release Notes (HTML)
Moving Tiger AppleScript Studio Release Notes to separate document.
AppleScript Release Notes 2007-12-22
AppleScript Studio Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create script-driven applications with complex user interfaces based on Cocoa UI classes. Includes tutorials.
AppleScript Guides 2006-04-04
AppleScript Studio Release Notes (HTML)
Describes late-breaking news and highlights of new or changed features in the latest release of AppleScript Studio.
AppleScript Release Notes 2007-10-31
AppleScript Studio Terminology Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the scripting terminology for AppleScript Studio, through version 1.4.
AppleScript Reference 2007-10-31
AppleScript Terminology and Apple Event Codes Reference (HTML)
Lists terms used in AppleScript, AppleScript Studio, and Standard Additions with their matching codes.
AppleScript Release Notes 2006-06-28
Automator AppleScript Actions Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
Guides you through the procedure for creating a simple Automator action implemented in AppleScript.
AppleScript Guides 2007-07-18
Calling AppleScript from an Application (HTML)
QA1026: Describes how to call an AppleScript from an application written in C.
AppleScript Technical Q&As 2001-04-10
Cocoa and AppleScript: From Top to Bottom (HTML)
Learn how to activate AppleScript in your application so that users can create scripts.
AppleScript Articles 2004-08-23
Cocoa Scripting Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create scriptable Cocoa applications that use the scripting definition (sdef) format.
AppleScript Guides 2008-03-11
do shell script in AppleScript (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN2065: Frequently Asked Questions about the AppleScript "do shell script" command.
AppleScript Technical Notes 2006-03-23
Duplicate Finder Items (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to build an Automator action targeting Finder using AppleScript.
AppleScript Sample Code 2005-06-06
How do I access files contained in my AppleScript Studio application's main bundle? (HTML)
QA1493: Explains how to access files stored within an AppleScript Studio application.
AppleScript Technical Q&As 2007-02-05
Loading Scripting Additions in Mac OS X (HTML)
QA1070: Explains how to load scripting additions so you can call them using Apple events.
AppleScript Technical Q&As 2005-05-06
MoreAppleEvents (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Provides routines that assist with the creation and sending of Apple events and object descriptors.
AppleScript Sample Code 2003-01-14
NSAppleEventDescriptor Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to access the basic data structures in an Apple event.
AppleScript Reference 2007-04-10
NSAppleEventManager Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to work with Apple event handler routines and to suspend and resume event handling.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSAppleScript Additions Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes additions to the NSAppleScript class to provide syntax-highlighted script source.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSAppleScript Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class that provides the ability to load, compile, and execute scripts.
AppleScript Reference 2007-07-10
NSCloneCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to clone a scriptable object or objects.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSCloseCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to close a scriptable object or objects--typically a document or window.
AppleScript Reference 2006-06-28
NSComparisonMethods Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for default comparison methods in the NSSpecifierTest class.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSCountCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to count the number of objects of a specified class in the specified object container.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSCreateCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to create a specified scriptable object.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSDeleteCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to delete a specified scriptable object or objects.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSExistsCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to determine whether a specified scriptable object exists.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSGetCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to get the specified value or object from the specified scriptable object.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSIndexSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the position of an object in a collection.
AppleScript Reference 2007-04-01
NSLogicalTest Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to perform logical operations in determining the scriptable objects a command acts on.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSMiddleSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to specify the middle object in a collection.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSMoveCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to move the specified scriptable object or objects.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSNameSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to specify an object in a collection (or container) by name.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSPositionalSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to specify an insertion point in a container relative to another object in the container.
AppleScript Reference 2007-06-29
NSPropertySpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to specify a simple attribute value, a one-to-one relationship, or all elements of a to-many relationship.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSQuitCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to quit the specified application.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSRandomSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to specify an arbitrary object in a collection.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSRangeSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to specify a range of objects in a container through two delimiting objects.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSRelativeSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to specify an object in a collection by its position relative to another object.
AppleScript Reference 2006-06-28
NSScriptClassDescription Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to encapsulate the scriptability information for a scriptable class.
AppleScript Reference 2007-07-17
NSScriptCoercionHandler Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class that provides a mechanism for converting one kind of scripting data to another.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSScriptCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to represent a scripting statement and the information needed to perform the operation it specifies.
AppleScript Reference 2007-07-20
NSScriptCommandDescription Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to provide a description of a script command.
AppleScript Reference 2007-04-10
NSScriptExecutionContext Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class that provides a shared instance of the context in which the current script command is executed.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSScriptingComparisonMethods Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the informal protocol used to define a set of methods for comparing script objects.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSScriptKeyValueCoding Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the informal protocol used to provide additional key-value coding capabilities in a scriptable application.
AppleScript Reference 2007-10-31
NSScriptObjectSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the abstract class used to instantiate objects that represent references to scriptable objects.
AppleScript Reference 2007-06-29
NSScriptObjectSpecifiers Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the informal protocol used by scriptable objects to provide a fully specified object specifier to themselves.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSScriptSuiteRegistry Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used as the top-level repository of scriptability information for an application at runtime.
AppleScript Reference 2007-04-10
NSScriptWhoseTest Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the abstract class used to represent expressions for testing scriptable object inclusion.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSSetCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to set values in a scriptable object.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSSpecifierTest Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to apply a test to compare a specified object to another object.
AppleScript Reference 2006-06-28
NSUniqueIDSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to specify an object in a container by unique ID.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
NSWhoseSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to specify every object in a container that matches a defined condition.
AppleScript Reference 2006-06-28
NSWindowScripting Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the category on NSWindow for scripting basic properties and commands of windows in scriptable applications.
AppleScript Reference 2006-05-23
ODOC (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates how to send an open document ('odoc') Apple event to another application process.
AppleScript Sample Code 2003-01-14
Open Scripting Architecture Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for compiling and executing scripts in applications and writing scripting components.
AppleScript Reference 2007-05-07
SBSetFinderComment (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Set/Get Finder Comments using Scripting Bridge
AppleScript Sample Code 2007-12-04
SBSystemPrefs (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to use Scripting Bridge to display a preference pane in System Preferences.
AppleScript Sample Code 2008-10-13
ScriptingBridgeFinder (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Using the Finder with Scripting Bridge
AppleScript Sample Code 2007-12-13
ScriptingBridgeiCal (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Adding/updating events in iCal using Scripting Bridge.
AppleScript Sample Code 2007-12-13
ScriptView (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to build a script editor application with a built-in script database using AppleScript Studio.
AppleScript Sample Code 2005-06-01
XML-RPC and SOAP Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to make remote procedure calls from applications or from AppleScript scripts.
AppleScript Guides 2005-03-03
Apply Firmware Password (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to create an Automator Action for System Image Utility.
Automator Sample Code 2007-06-12
Automating Development Tasks with Automator and Xcode (HTML)
Learn to streamline daily tasks in your development projects using Automator.
Automator Articles 2006-08-07
Automator AppleScript Actions Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
Guides you through the procedure for creating a simple Automator action implemented in AppleScript.
Automator Guides 2007-07-18
Automator Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Objective-C API for creating and working with actions used by the Automator application.
Automator Reference 2006-10-26
Automator Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the concepts and tasks for developing actions, which are bundles loaded by the Automator application.
Automator Guides 2007-12-11
Automator Reference Update (HTML) (PDF)
Summarizes the symbols added to the Automtor framework.
Automator Release Notes 2007-07-25
Automator Release Notes (HTML)
Updated for changes in Mac OS X version 10.5.
Automator Release Notes 2007-10-31
AutomatorHandsOn (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates several methods for building Automator Actions
Automator Sample Code 2007-06-12
AutoSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to run and display Automator workflows in your application.
Automator Sample Code 2007-05-23
Duplicate Finder Items (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to build an Automator action targeting Finder using AppleScript.
Automator Sample Code 2005-06-06
Transforming a Shell Script into an Automator Action (HTML)
Custom shell script actions let you quickly turn shell, Perl, or Python scripts into Automator actions.
Automator Articles 2007-06-01
Using Automator to Expand the Market for Your Software (HTML)
Learn how building Automator actions and workflows can create new sales opportunities.
Automator Articles 2005-07-19
AEBuild*, AEPrint* and Friends (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN2045: Describes the AEBuild* and AEPrint* family of routines.
Carbon Technical Notes 2002-03-21
Apple Event Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for interapplication communication using Apple events.
Carbon Reference 2007-07-13
Apple Events Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Provides conceptual information and programming examples for working with Apple events.
Carbon Guides 2007-10-31
AppleScript Language Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Defines the AppleScript scripting language. Includes many brief sample scripts.
Carbon Guides 2008-03-11
AppleScript Studio Terminology Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the scripting terminology for AppleScript Studio, through version 1.4.
Carbon Reference 2007-10-31
AppleScript Terminology and Apple Event Codes Reference (HTML)
Lists terms used in AppleScript, AppleScript Studio, and Standard Additions with their matching codes.
Carbon Release Notes 2006-06-28
AppleScriptRunner (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to send mail and execute other AppleScripts from a Carbon application.
Carbon Sample Code 2006-07-31
Calling an AppleScript and providing parameters from an Application (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1111: Explains calling and providing parameter values to an AppleScript event handler from an application written in C.
Carbon Technical Q&As 2002-03-13
Calling AppleScript from an Application (HTML)
QA1026: Describes how to call an AppleScript from an application written in C.
Carbon Technical Q&As 2001-04-10
EmbededAppleScripts (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Extending the functionality of your application by adding precompiled AppleScripts.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-09-04
The Enhanced Print Apple Event (HTML)
TN2082: Describes an enhancement to the print Apple event that gives developers more control over scripted printing.
Carbon Technical Notes 2003-12-09
iTunesController (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
iTunesController allows you to control iTunes without having to bring it to the foreground.
Carbon Sample Code 2006-02-23
Loading Scripting Additions in Mac OS X (HTML)
QA1070: Explains how to load scripting additions so you can call them using Apple events.
Carbon Technical Q&As 2005-05-06
MoreAppleEvents (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Provides routines that assist with the creation and sending of Apple events and object descriptors.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-01-14
MoreIsBetter (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Library providing indispensable wrapers and workarounds for many areas of Mac OS programming.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-10-27
MoreOSL (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
C library for implementing AppleScript support within your application.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-01-14
ODOC (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates how to send an open document ('odoc') Apple event to another application process.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-01-14
Open Scripting Architecture Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for compiling and executing scripts in applications and writing scripting components.
Carbon Reference 2007-05-07
SampleCMPlugIn (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A contextual menu plugIn for Mac OS X.
Carbon Sample Code 2006-10-09
Scripting Additions for Mac OS X (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN1164: Talks about how to create AppleScript scripting additions (OSAX) for Mac OS X.
Carbon Technical Notes 2008-04-24
Scripting Interface Guidelines (HTML)
TN2106: Directions for providing a clean and consistent scripting interface for your application.
Carbon Technical Notes 2004-03-01