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Leopard Technical Q&As: Hardware & Drivers
PCI is an interconnection technology used by various devices to provide additional capabilities. PC Cards are designed for adding low-latency peripherals to portable computers. Mac OS X supports the PCI, PCI-X, AGP, CardBus, and PC Card (PCMCIA) standards. Developers can use I/O Kit APIs to develop drivers for AGP and PCI devices.

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The "/aliases" node in the device tree (HTML)
HW89: Describes the aliases node in the Open Firmware device tree.
2000-09-05
The AAPL, slot-name property and PCI (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW61: Discusses the use of the AAPL,slot name property for PCI
1999-04-19
Allocating and sharing memory with user space from an I/O Kit driver (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1197: Describes the preferred technique for allocating and sharing buffers in an I/O Kit kernel driver.
2008-10-13
Are the Name Registry device tree nodes unique? (HTML)
Deprecated - HW64: Discusses whether Name Registry nodes copied from the Open Firmware device tree are unique.
1999-10-11
Avoiding Kernel Event Conflicts (HTML)
QA1063: Documents the namespace for the vendor_code field of the kern_event_msg structure.
2001-09-14
Can you explain the words "begin" and "again"? (HTML)
HW70: Explains the Forth looping words "begin" and "again" and how to escape such a loop.
1999-10-11
The "chosen" node in the device tree (HTML)
HW88: Describes how to find the "chosen" node in the Open firmware device tree.
2000-09-05
Determining Open Firmware version (HTML)
HW100: Demonstrates how to find out the version of Open Firmware on your Macintosh.
2000-10-06
Difference between an Open Firmware word and method (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW46: Describes the differences between an Open Firmware word and an Open Firmware method.
1999-02-15
Difference between using Restart or Shut Down in the Finder's Special menu in Open Firmware (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW47: Explains the differences between using Restart or Shut Down on Open Firmware
1999-02-15
Displaying PCI Configuration Registers contents in Open Firmware (HTML)
QA1036: Demonstrates how to display PCI Configuration Resister contents in Open Firmware.
2001-05-18
Do PowerBooks have a PCI bus? (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW43: Explains that a Powerbook has a PCI bus.
1999-02-15
The dreaded "incompatible flag -framework" error (HTML)
QA1096: Explains how to eliminate the incompatible flag -framework error in Project Builder.
2001-12-05
Energy Star PCI Device (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1108: Provides useful information for developers of Energy Star-compliant PCI devices.
2002-01-15
ExpressCard Prevents System Sleep (HTML)
QA1517: Describes how some ExpressCard cards can prevent system sleep and how to fix the problem.
2007-02-28
Generating a Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI) (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1264: Explains how to generate a non-maskable interrupt (NMI) on modern Macintosh systems.
2008-10-13
The "green" PCI bus (HTML)
HW93: Explains why the PCI bus is considered "green".
2000-09-05
How can I tell if a PCI device has on board I/O space? (HTML)
QA1287: Demonstrates "how to" tell if a PCI device has on board I/O space.
2003-09-24
How many PCI header types exist today? (HTML)
HW92: Briefly describes the three PCI header types defined in the PCI 2.2 specification.
2000-09-05
Installing an I/O Kit KEXT Without Rebooting (HTML)
QA1319: Describes the state of the art of installing I/O Kit kernel extensions (KEXTs) without requiring a restart.
2003-10-28
IODeviceTree and the I/O Registry (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1120: Describes the IODeviceTree plane in the Mac OS X I/O Registry.
2008-09-18
IOKit Framework Headers (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1107: Describes the differences between the headers in IOKit.framework and the I/O Kit headers in Kernel.framework.
2002-01-15
IOLog and Interrupt Context (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1100: Describes when IOKit runs at primary (hardware) interrupt context.
2002-02-13
Issues with boot time KEXT loading (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1087: Explains how to solve problems with loading KEXTs at boot time.
2004-01-15
Legacy Devices (HTML)
HW84: Discusses why legacy devices with hard-wired I/O addresses may not work properly with Open Firmware.
2000-03-20
Locating the 1275-1994 Standard Document (HTML)
HW85: Alerts that the Open Firmware (IEEE 1275-1994) document can't be found at the IEEE Standards Association site.
2000-07-17
Making sense of IOKit error codes (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1075: Explains how to interpret I/O Kit error codes.
2002-02-07
Open Firmware device tree nodes (HTML)
HW86: Explains the usage of the "@n" notation in Open Firmware device tree nodes.
2000-09-05
Open Firmware Memory bus speed (HTML)
HW97: Describes a method to display memory bus speed for G3 or G4 Macintosh in Open Firmware.
2000-09-22
The "packages" node in the device tree (HTML)
HW90: Describes the "packages" node in the Open Firmware device tree.
2006-02-22
PCI address/data stepping (HTML)
HW94: Explains that Apple does not support PCI address/data stepping.
2000-09-05
PCI bus on the iMac (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW42: Explains that the iMac has a PCI bus even though it has no expansion slots.
1999-02-15
PCI class codes (HTML)
HW91: Explains why PCI class codes are important.
2000-09-05
PCI Header types (HTML)
HW78: Describes the three required types of PCI headers to be provided in its configuration header space.
1999-11-15
PCI Macintoshes and CardBus controllers (HTML)
HW87: Explains why older PCI Macintoshes do not recognize a Cardbus controller.
2000-09-05
PCI SIG (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW55: Describes the meaning of the acronym PCI SIG.
1999-03-29
PCI/PCI-X slots on the Power Mac G5 (HTML)
QA1307: Discusses installing PCI/PCI-X cards of different speeds in the Power Mac G5.
2003-09-30
Power Management; Policy Maker vs. Power Controller (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1121: Describes the differences between a Power Management Policy Maker and a Power Management Power Controller.
2002-02-13
Sleep vs. Doze on Mac OS X (HTML)
QA1309: Discusses and demonstrates sleep versus doze detection on Machintosh Mac OS X
2003-10-09
Using "words" in Open Firmware (HTML)
HW73: Explains how to search for specific entries within all the global and local Open Firmware words.
1999-10-11
Was that a path I just saw? (HTML)
HW101: Describes the Open Firmware path that is occasionally shown at boot time.
2000-10-06
What are configuration variables in Open Firmware? (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW38: Defines the configuration variables in Open Firmware.
1999-02-15
What are generic names in Open Firmware? (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW34: Documents the generic names in Open Firmware.
1999-02-15
What is a CardBus host bus adapter HBA? (HTML)
HW79: Explains what a CardBus host bus adapter (HBA) is and discusses its implementation on the Macintosh.
1999-11-15
What is a tokenizer? (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW58: Defines a tokenizer.
1999-03-29
What is an Open Firmware devalias? (HTML)
HW99: Describes devaliases in Open Firmware.
2000-10-06
What is an Open Firmware phandle, and why can't I access it from the Mac OS? (HTML)
HW76: Explains an "Open Firmware phandle" and why it is inaccessible from the Mac OS.
1999-11-15
What is the return stack in Open Firmware and can I use it? (HTML)
HW67: Describes the purpose of the Open Firmware return stack and how developers can use it.
1999-10-11
When to use PCMCIA, PC Card, and CardBus (HTML)
HW77: Explains the differences between PCMCIA, PC Card, and CardBus.
1999-11-15
Working with Configuration Variables (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1119: Explains how to delete a specific Open Firmware configuration variable without using Command-Option-P-R.
2002-02-13