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Leopard Reference Library
Cocoa is an object-oriented application environment designed for developing Mac OS X native applications. The Cocoa frameworks support rapid development and high productivity. Cocoa provides developers starting new Mac OS X projects the fastest way to full-featured implementations. Applications from other platforms can also be brought to Mac OS X quickly using Cocoa.

A guided introduction and learning path for developers new to Cocoa.   Essential information for developers using Objective-C.   Objective-C API references organized by framework.
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Accessibility Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the accessibility features built into Mac OS X.
Accessibility Guides 2008-03-11
Accessibility Programming Guidelines for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how Cocoa applications make their user interface available to external assistive applications.
Accessibility Guides 2007-02-08
Apple Human Interface Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces the Mac OS X user experience and explains how to design an application for Aqua.
Accessibility Guides 2008-06-09
Dicey (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Dicey is a dice game project that demonstrates various techniques for making a Cocoa application accessible.
Accessibility Sample Code 2006-08-01
ImageMapExample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Implements a custom NSView, an image map, and accessorizes it (i.e. makes it work with accessibility).
Accessibility Sample Code 2005-06-01
Mac OS X Technology Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces Mac OS X and its technologies.
Accessibility Guides 2008-10-15
NSAccessibility Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for receiving accessibility-related messages.
Accessibility Reference 2007-12-11
NSSpeechRecognizer Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Cocoa command-and-control voice recognition system.
Accessibility Reference 2007-04-03
NSSpeechSynthesizer Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Cocoa parser that converts text to speech.
Accessibility Reference 2009-01-06
SetMouseAcclSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Find HID System Manager and get/set cursor acceleration
Accessibility Sample Code 2006-11-28
Speech (HTML) (PDF)
Explains Cocoa's interfaces to the speech synthesis and speech recognition technologies.
Accessibility Guides 2003-08-08
TrackBall (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to build a custom control based on the NSControl class.
Accessibility Sample Code 2007-06-07
UIElementInspector (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates using the Accessibility API introduced in Mac OS X 10.2, which allows manipulation of an application's UI.
Accessibility Sample Code 2007-02-19
Universal Access: Computers That Everyone Can Use (HTML)
Learn how to make your applications usable by everyone, including those with disabilities.
Accessibility Articles 2004-08-02
ABActionDelegate Protocol Objective-C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the informal protocol for populating the rollover menus of Address Book with custom items.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-05-23
ABAddressBook Class Objective-C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Provides a programming interface to the Address Book.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-07
ABGroup Class Objective-C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how this class supports the concept of a "group" containing one or more persons.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-07
ABIdentityPicker Class Objective-C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the identity picker, a dialog or sheet used to select groups and people for Identity Services.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-08-23
ABImageClient Protocol Objective-C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to handle images loaded from an asynchronous fetch from ABPerson objects.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-05-23
ABMultiValue Class Objective-C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to use these classes to represent properties that might have multiple values.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-08
ABPeoplePickerView Class Objective-C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to customize the behavior of people-picker views in an application's user interface.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-05-23
ABPerson Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to encapsulate all information about a person in the Address Book database.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-07
ABPresence (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Displays a list of all the people in your Address Book and their iChat status.
Apple Applications Sample Code 2006-08-04
ABSearchElement Class Objective-C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to specify a search query for records in the Address Book database.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-05-23
Address Book Constants Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the constants found in the Address Book framework.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-07-26
Address Book Data Types Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the data types and constants found in the Address Book framework.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-07-26
Address Book Objective-C Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Cocoa API for supporting and working with Address Book.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-08
Address Book Programming Guide for Mac OS X (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to add, search, remove, and customize Address Book records.
Apple Applications Guides 2006-04-04
AddressBook Functions Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the functions and function-like macros found in the Address Book framework.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-05-23
AMAction Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the abstract class that defines the interface and general characteristics of Automator actions.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-03-01
AMAppleScriptAction Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to support Automator actions that are driven by AppleScript scripts.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-10-26
AMBundleAction Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to support Automator actions that are loadable bundles.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-10-26
AMShellScriptAction Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to support Automator actions driven by a shell script or by a Perl or Python script.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-10-26
AMWorkflow Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to represent an Automator workflow within an application.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-10-26
AMWorkflowController Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to control an Automator workflow in an application.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-09
AMWorkflowView Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Apple Applications Reference 2006-11-09
Apple Applications Schema Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the schemas used by Apple Applications to sync records such as contacts, calendars, and bookmarks.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-10-31
Apple Help Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to author, package, and display user help content in Mac OS X.
Apple Applications Guides 2007-10-31
Automator Constants Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the constants defined in the Automator framework not described in individual classes.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-05-10
Automator Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Objective-C API for creating and working with actions used by the Automator application.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-10-26
Automator Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the concepts and tasks for developing actions, which are bundles loaded by the Automator application.
Apple Applications Guides 2007-12-11
Automator Reference Update (HTML) (PDF)
Summarizes the symbols added to the Automtor framework.
Apple Applications Release Notes 2007-07-25
Automator Release Notes (HTML)
Updated for changes in Mac OS X version 10.5.
Apple Applications Release Notes 2007-10-31
CalAlarm Class Reference (HTML)
Describes the class used to create and initialize alarms.
Apple Applications Reference 2009-03-04
CalAttendee Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to to confirm status and obtain more information about an attendee.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-08
CalCalendar Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to get attributes about a calendar.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-08
CalCalendarItem Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to provide access to information about calendar objects associated with a calendar item.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-08
CalCalendarStore Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to retrieve calendar objects, including calendars, events and tasks.
Apple Applications Reference 2009-04-08
Calendar Store Constants Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-08
Calendar Store Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Calendar Store framework classes and methods used to access iCal data.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-08
Calendar Store Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to access iCal data.
Apple Applications Guides 2007-10-31
CalEvent Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to get properties about an event.
Apple Applications Reference 2009-03-04
CalNthWeekDay Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the CalNthWeekDay class that is used to define a weekly repeating pattern of an event.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-08
CalRecurrenceEnd Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a property of a CalRecurrenceRule that defines how long a recurrence is scheduled to repeat.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-08
CalRecurrenceRule Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to initialize and get recurrence rules and properties.
Apple Applications Reference 2009-03-04
CalTask Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to get properties about a task.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-10-31
CocoaPeoplePicker (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use the AddressBook framework's ABPeoplePickerView.
Apple Applications Sample Code 2003-12-11
Crash in ABAddPropertiesAndTypes (HTML)
QA1404: How to correctly add custom Address Book properties using ABAddPropertiesAndTypes
Apple Applications Technical Q&As 2005-04-04
Creating Printing Presets for iPhoto (HTML) (PDF)
Rules for creating and installing printer-specific collections of settings. Includes a sample file.
Apple Applications Guides 2005-07-07
Dashboard Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains Dashboard and WebKit technologies used in widgets.
Apple Applications Guides 2009-02-04
IMAVManager Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the object that controls the auxiliary audio and video source to iChat Theater.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-10-31
IMService Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the IMService objects that each represent one service available through iChat.
Apple Applications Reference 2008-10-15
IMVideoDataSource Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the methods that a video data source implements to provide auxiliary audio and video source to iChat Theater.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-08
Instant Message Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for providing iChat presence information to Cocoa applications and using iChat Theater.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-07-08
Instant Message Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to access iChat services and buddies and use iChat Theater through code samples.
Apple Applications Guides 2007-10-31
Instant Message Reference Update (HTML) (PDF)
Summarizes the symbols added to the Instant Message framework.
Apple Applications Release Notes 2007-07-18
InstantMessage Constants Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the constants found in the Instant Message framework.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-05-23
InstantMessage Data Types Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the data types found in the Instant Message framework.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-05-23
Integrating Sync Services into Your Application (HTML)
Learn how to sync any kind of data in your application using Sync Services.
Apple Applications Articles 2005-06-06
Leopard Technology Series for Developers: Broadcast Your Application's Content with iChat Theater (HTML)
Leopard Overview article on using the Instant Messaging framework.
Apple Applications Articles 2007-05-22
Message Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the Objective-C API for sending email messages through the Mail application.
Apple Applications Reference 2008-04-08
NameAndAddress (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A single window utility that gets a host name from an IP address or an IP address from a hostname.
Apple Applications Sample Code 2003-01-14
SimpleCalendar (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Uses the Calendar Store framework to fetch iCal events and display them on a custom calendar.
Apple Applications Sample Code 2006-07-27
StickiesExample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Contains sample code and tools used by Sync Services Tutorial to demonstrate debugging syncing applications.
Apple Applications Sample Code 2006-08-08
Sync Services Release Notes (10.4) (HTML)
Apple Applications Release Notes 2005-04-29
Sync Services Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Objective-C API for the Sync Services framework used to sync applications and devices.
Apple Applications Reference 2007-10-31
Sync Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to add syncing to your applications.
Apple Applications Guides 2007-10-31
Sync Services Release Notes (10.5) (HTML)
Describes new features, notes, and known issues for Sync Services on Mac OS X v10.5.
Apple Applications Release Notes 2007-10-31
Sync Services Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to debug multiple syncing applications using the Syncrospector development tool.
Apple Applications Guides 2007-07-11
Tiger Developer Overview Series: Developing Dashboard Widgets (HTML)
Learn how to create powerful mini-applications quickly and easily.
Apple Applications Articles 2004-12-07
UnsharpMask (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to build Automator actions using Cocoa frameworks.
Apple Applications Sample Code 2005-06-06
Audio Codec Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the programming interface for configuring audio codecs and for encoding and decoding audio data.
Audio Reference 2007-10-31
Audio File Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a C programming interface for reading and writing audio files.
Audio Reference 2008-07-08
Audio Queue Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to play and record audio using Audio Queue Services.
Audio Guides 2007-10-31
Audio Unit Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Audio frameworks and the Core Audio SDK to create audio units.
Audio Guides 2007-10-31
AudioDeviceNotify (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to enumerate audio devices attached to the system and how to handle device notifications
Audio Sample Code 2006-04-21
Core Audio Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Provides an overview of Core Audio and its programming interfaces.
Audio Guides 2007-01-08
CoreAudio Overload Warnings (HTML)
QA1467: Describes CoreAudio overload warnings what they mean and how to avoid them.
Audio Technical Q&As 2006-03-29
Disc Recording Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the Objective-C and C API for burning audio and data CDs and DVDs.
Audio Reference 2008-04-08
Disc Recording UI Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the Objective-C and C API for presenting a user interface when burning audio and data CDs and DVDs.
Audio Reference 2008-04-08
ExtractMovieAudioToAIFF (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to extract audio from QuickTime Movies and write the data to an AIFF file.
Audio Sample Code 2006-03-31
Going Universal: Audio Developers Catch the Wave (HTML)
Learn how audio developers who built universal binaries of their applications are reaping the benefits.
Audio Articles 2006-07-18
MP3 Player (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to wrap a command-line UNIX/Linux application in a Cocoa GUI, calling a the command-line app through NSTask.
Audio Sample Code 2003-01-14
NSSound Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an object that loads and plays audio files.
Audio Reference 2008-10-15
QTAudioContextInsert (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates use of Audio Context Insert APIs to perform custom processing on QuickTime's audio stream.
Audio Sample Code 2008-01-21
The Sound of Opportunity Knocking: The Audio Units Community Takes Off (HTML)
Learn how one developer created a successful business using audio units.
Audio Articles 2005-10-31
Sound Programming Topics for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to load and play audio data in Cocoa.
Audio Guides 2006-11-07
TremoloUnit (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Audio unit sample demonstrating how to build an effect unit with a generic view.
Audio Sample Code 2006-10-26
Turn up the Volume with Audio Units (HTML)
Learn to build a sample volume unit, test it, and integrate it into GarageBand.
Audio Articles 2005-01-31
Using NSSound with CoreAudio on Mac OS 10.3.x (HTML)
QA1394: Workaround the NULL input buffers in a Core Audio IOProc callback when using NSSound by using AudioDeviceAddIOProc
Audio Technical Q&As 2006-03-29