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Leopard Reference Library
Cocoa is an object-oriented application environment designed for developing Mac OS X native applications. The Cocoa frameworks support rapid development and high productivity. Cocoa provides developers starting new Mac OS X projects the fastest way to full-featured implementations. Applications from other platforms can also be brought to Mac OS X quickly using Cocoa.

A guided introduction and learning path for developers new to Cocoa.   Essential information for developers using Objective-C.   Objective-C API references organized by framework.
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NSMutableArray Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mutable ordered collection.
Data Management Reference 2008-11-17
NSMutableAttributedString Additions Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes additions for setting attributes of mutable attributed strings.
Data Management Reference 2006-05-23
NSMutableAttributedString Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mutable character string with attributes.
Data Management Reference 2006-06-28
NSMutableCharacterSet Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mutable set of characters.
Data Management Reference 2006-05-23
NSMutableData Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mutable byte buffer.
Data Management Reference 2007-03-26
NSMutableDictionary Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a changeable collection of values that are identified by keys.
Data Management Reference 2007-02-23
NSMutableIndexSet Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mutable collection of unique unsigned integers.
Data Management Reference 2006-05-23
NSMutableParagraphStyle Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mutable paragraph style.
Data Management Reference 2008-10-15
NSMutableSet Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mutable unordered collection of distinct elements.
Data Management Reference 2006-09-19
NSMutableString Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mutable character string.
Data Management Reference 2007-03-06
NSNull Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an object that represents null.
Data Management Reference 2006-05-23
NSNumber Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a number.
Data Management Reference 2008-02-08
NSNumberFormatter Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a number formatter.
Data Management Reference 2008-11-19
NSObjCTypeSerializationCallBack Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a deprecated technology.
Data Management Reference 2006-05-23
NSObjectController Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a Cocoa bindings-compatible manager of an object.
Data Management Reference 2007-12-11
NSOutlineViewDataSource Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface used by an outline view to retrieve data and, optionally, to update data values.
Data Management Reference 2007-02-19
NSOutputStream Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a write-only data stream.
Data Management Reference 2009-01-06
NSPersistentDocument Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a document that integrates with the Core Data framework.
Data Management Reference 2008-02-08
NSPersistentDocument Core Data Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
Step-by-step instructions for building a simple but functionally rich application using NSPersistentDocument and Cocoa bindings.
Data Management Guides 2009-02-04
NSPersistentDocument Core Data Tutorial for Mac OS X v10.4. (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Step-by-step instructions for building a simple but functionally rich application using NSPersistentDocument and Cocoa bindings.
Data Management Guides 2009-02-04
NSPersistentStore Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
New document that describes the abstract Core Data class that represents a persistent store.
Data Management Reference 2007-07-22
NSPersistentStoreCoordinator Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to mediate between persistent stores and managed object contexts in a Core Data application.
Data Management Reference 2008-03-11
NSPlaceholders Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for providing default display values when a Cocoa bindings attribute returns a selection marker.
Data Management Reference 2006-05-23
NSPointerArray Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an ordered collection of pointers.
Data Management Reference 2009-03-04
NSPointerFunctions Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes callout functions for managing a pointer reference held somewhere else.
Data Management Reference 2008-10-15
NSPredicate Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a representation of logical conditions.
Data Management Reference 2006-08-16
NSPredicateEditor Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a graphical predicate editor.
Data Management Reference 2008-10-15
NSPredicateEditorRowTemplate Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a row in a graphical predicate editor.
Data Management Reference 2007-01-12
NSPropertyListSerialization Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to convert property list objects to and from several serialized formats.
Data Management Reference 2008-06-09
NSPropertyMapping Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mapping of a property in a Core Data migration.
Data Management Reference 2007-05-22
NSScanner Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an object that scans values from a string.
Data Management Reference 2008-10-15
NSSerializer Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a deprecated technology replaced by the NSPropertyListSerialization class.
Data Management Reference 2006-05-23
NSSet Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an immutable unordered collection of distinct elements.
Data Management Reference 2008-10-15
NSSortDescriptor Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the rules for a sorting operation.
Data Management Reference 2007-10-31
NSSound Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an object that loads and plays audio files.
Data Management Reference 2008-10-15
NSStream Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an interface for reading and writing data.
Data Management Reference 2008-10-15
NSString Application Kit Additions Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes additions for drawing strings.
Data Management Reference 2009-02-04
NSString Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an immutable character string.
Data Management Reference 2009-02-04
NSTimeZone Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a time zone.
Data Management Reference 2008-02-08
NSTreeController Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class that is used with Cocoa bindings to manage a tree of objects.
Data Management Reference 2007-04-10
NSTreeNode Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a tree node in an object model.
Data Management Reference 2006-07-13
NSUnarchiver Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an object that extracts the contents of an archive created by NSArchiver.
Data Management Reference 2006-05-23
NSUndoManager Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a general-purpose recorder of undo and redo operations.
Data Management Reference 2007-01-18
NSUserDefaults Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an object for managing preference information.
Data Management Reference 2009-04-08
NSUserDefaultsController Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a Cocoa bindings-compatible manager for user preferences.
Data Management Reference 2006-05-23
NSValue Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a container for a single C or Objective-C data item.
Data Management Reference 2007-10-31
NSValueTransformer Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a Cocoa-bindings compatible interface for transforming value representations.
Data Management Reference 2007-07-24
NSXMLDocument Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class for representing XML documents as a logical tree structure.
Data Management Reference 2007-02-27
NSXMLDTD Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a representation of a Document Type Definition as a tree structure.
Data Management Reference 2007-02-27
NSXMLDTDNode Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a declaration node for a Document Type Definition.
Data Management Reference 2007-02-27
NSXMLElement Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an element node in an XML tree structure.
Data Management Reference 2007-02-27
NSXMLNode Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a logical node in an XML tree structure.
Data Management Reference 2007-02-27
NSXMLParser Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an object for finding and extracting data in XML documents.
Data Management Reference 2007-02-02
Number and Value Programming Topics for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Cocoa object wrappers for primitive C data types.
Data Management Guides 2008-02-08
People (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
This program demonstrates the use of the SyncServices framework.
Data Management Sample Code 2005-06-01
PhotoSearch (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates advanced controls and cells. Custom drawing, hit testing, tracking, editing, expansion tooltips, tracking areas.
Data Management Sample Code 2008-03-05
Predicate Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to specify queries in Cocoa.
Data Management Guides 2009-05-06
PrefsPane (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A Cocoa sample System Preferences bundle that demonstrates how to use the NSPreferencePane class.
Data Management Sample Code 2007-06-06
Property List Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use structured, textual representations of data in Cocoa.
Data Management Guides 2008-11-19
Search Kit Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes Search Kit architecture and workflow, and how to add search capabilities to Carbon and Cocoa applications.
Data Management Guides 2005-12-06
Search Kit Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for supporting user searches of textual content.
Data Management Reference 2009-05-06
Setting environment variables for user processes (HTML)
QA1067: Tells how to set environment variables for user processes.
Data Management Technical Q&As 2001-10-25
Simple Bindings Adoption (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A simple example that illustrates the adoption of Cocoa Bindings.
Data Management Sample Code 2007-06-07
Simplifying Data Handling with Uniform Type Identifiers (HTML)
Learn to use UTIs to take advantage of key Mac OS X technologies in your application.
Data Management Articles 2005-07-12
Sort Descriptor Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use sort descriptors to specify the sorting of collections.
Data Management Guides 2007-07-10
Stream Programming Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the Cocoa stream classes to read data from and write data to streams.
Data Management Guides 2009-05-06
String Programming Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create, search, concatenate, and draw strings in Cocoa.
Data Management Guides 2008-10-15
Sync Services Release Notes (10.4) (HTML)
Data Management Release Notes 2005-04-29
Sync Services Release Notes (10.5) (HTML)
Describes new features, notes, and known issues for Sync Services on Mac OS X v10.5.
Data Management Release Notes 2007-10-31
Tiger Developer Overview Series: Developing with Core Data (HTML)
Learn to use Core Data to define your application's data model graphically.
Data Management Articles 2005-04-04
Tree-Based XML Programming Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the NSXML classes of Cocoa to process, modify, and query XML data.
Data Management Guides 2009-02-04
TwoManyControllers (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to use an intermediate NSArrayController to populate an NSTableView across two to-many relationships.
Data Management Sample Code 2007-02-23
Undo Architecture (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to record information in Cocoa so a user can reverse an operation's effect.
Data Management Guides 2002-11-12
User Defaults Programming Topics for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the Cocoa defaults system to create and save user preferences.
Data Management Guides 2007-10-31
Value Transformer Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create and use value transformers, which are used with the Controller Layer.
Data Management Guides 2007-04-06
Why does -stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet: give me an empty string result when it shouldn't? (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1202: Why -stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet: sometimes returns an empty string result in Mac OS X 10.2.x when it shouldn't.
Data Management Technical Q&As 2002-10-15
With and Without Bindings (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates the adoption of Cocoa Bindings and refactoring using a subclass of NSArrayController.
Data Management Sample Code 2008-01-04
Xcode Tools for Core Data (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Xcode modeling tools for Core Data.
Data Management Guides 2008-04-15
64-Bit Transition Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to port Cocoa projects to 64-bit addressing.
Design Guidelines Guides 2009-03-03
Accessibility Programming Guidelines for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how Cocoa applications make their user interface available to external assistive applications.
Design Guidelines Guides 2007-02-08
Apple Human Interface Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces the Mac OS X user experience and explains how to design an application for Aqua.
Design Guidelines Guides 2008-06-09
Application Architecture Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Explains the architecture of a Cocoa application and how it interacts with the operating system.
Design Guidelines Guides 2006-08-07
Application Kit Release Notes (10.4 and Earlier) (HTML)
Design Guidelines Release Notes 2006-07-17
Application Kit Release Notes (10.5) (HTML)
New document that describes new features, notes, and known issues for the Application Kit Framework on Mac OS X v10.5.
Design Guidelines Release Notes 2007-10-31
Binding your Preferences in Cocoa (HTML)
Learn to use bindings by creating a simple app.
Design Guidelines Articles 2004-04-26
BindingsJoystick (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates a bindings-enabled subclass of NSView.
Design Guidelines Sample Code 2005-06-01
BundleLoader (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to load multiple Cocoa bundles or NSBundles (also known as plug-ins) into the main NSApplication.
Design Guidelines Sample Code 2007-09-21
Carbon-Cocoa Integration Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use both Carbon and Cocoa in developing an application.
Design Guidelines Guides 2007-10-31
CFBundleIdentifier and user application access (HTML)
QA1373: Describes the role of CFBundleIdentifier in limiting a user's application access.
Design Guidelines Technical Q&As 2005-02-08
Cocoa Application Tutorial Using Bindings (HTML) (PDF)
A hands-on introduction to Cocoa bindings.
Design Guidelines Guides 2007-07-10
Cocoa Bindings Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to rapidly develop sophisticated user interfaces using Cocoa binding technology.
Design Guidelines Guides 2009-03-08
Cocoa Fundamentals Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces the basic concepts, terminology, architectures, and design patterns of the Cocoa frameworks and development environment.
Design Guidelines Guides 2008-11-19
Cocoa Scripting Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create scriptable Cocoa applications that use the scripting definition (sdef) format.
Design Guidelines Guides 2008-03-11
Cocoa_With_Carbon_or_CPP (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to call Carbon routines and C++ code from within an Objective-C Cocoa program.
Design Guidelines Sample Code 2007-02-05
Coding Guidelines for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Naming guidelines for Cocoa API and design advice to framework developers.
Design Guidelines Guides 2006-04-04
Common mistakes with delegation in Cocoa (HTML)
QA1554: The two most common errors that lead to a delegate method not being received.
Design Guidelines Technical Q&As 2008-02-27
Connecting the Font Menu in Interface Builder 3 (HTML)
QA1571: How to connect and configure the Font/Format menus in Interface Builder 3.
Design Guidelines Technical Q&As 2008-01-21
Core Data Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to manage objects using the Core Data framework.
Design Guidelines Guides 2009-03-04
Core Data Utility Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
A hands-on guide to creating a command-line utility using low-level features of Core Data.
Design Guidelines Guides 2009-03-04
Designing Network-Friendly Applications (HTML)
Learn to make your application management-aware and reliably accessible on a network.
Design Guidelines Articles 2005-10-24