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Leopard Reference Library
A full suite of free developer tools is available to Mac OS X developers, who can speed up their development process by using these tools to prototype, compile, debug, and optimize their software products. Xcode, Apple's integrated development environment, can be used with Cocoa, Carbon, or Java. Apple also provides a wide selection of open source tools, such as GCC.

A guided introduction for developers new to Mac OS X developer tools.   Essential information for developers using the Xcode software development tool set.  
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Shark User Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to analyze code performance by profiling the system.
Performance Guides 2008-04-14
Test64BitMultiprec (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Implements (PPC) A*Y+B where A & B are arrays of 64-bit words and Y is a 64-bit integer
Performance Sample Code 2006-06-09
Apple JavaScript Coding Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Provides an overview of the JavaScript language, its object-oriented features, and coding best practices.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2008-11-19
AppleScript Studio 1.4 Release Notes (HTML)
Moving Tiger AppleScript Studio Release Notes to separate document.
Scripting & Automation Release Notes 2007-12-22
AppleScript Studio Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create script-driven applications with complex user interfaces based on Cocoa UI classes. Includes tutorials.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2006-04-04
AppleScript Studio Release Notes (HTML)
Describes late-breaking news and highlights of new or changed features in the latest release of AppleScript Studio.
Scripting & Automation Release Notes 2007-10-31
AppleScript Studio Terminology Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the scripting terminology for AppleScript Studio, through version 1.4.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2007-10-31
Automating Development Tasks with Automator and Xcode (HTML)
Learn to streamline daily tasks in your development projects using Automator.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2006-08-07
Automator Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the concepts and tasks for developing actions, which are bundles loaded by the Automator application.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2007-12-11
Automator Release Notes (HTML)
Updated for changes in Mac OS X version 10.5.
Scripting & Automation Release Notes 2007-10-31
Customizing Rails Applications on Mac OS X Leopard (HTML)
Learn how to enhance your Rails application with views and web forms, AJAX, and iPhone support.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2008-06-09
Dashcode User Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Dashcode to create Dashboard widgets.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2009-03-04
Deploying Rails Applications on Mac OS X Leopard (HTML)
Learn how to deploy your Ruby on Rails application on Mac OS X Leopard Server.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2008-06-09
Developing Rails Applications on Mac OS X Leopard (HTML)
Learn how to develop your Ruby on Rails application using Xcode 3 and the tools in Leopard.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2008-06-09
How do I access files contained in my AppleScript Studio application's main bundle? (HTML)
QA1493: Explains how to access files stored within an AppleScript Studio application.
Scripting & Automation Technical Q&As 2007-02-05
Introduction to Open Source Scripting on Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn your scripting options for automating a wide range of tasks quickly.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2005-08-01
Leopard Technology Series for Developers: Introducing Dashcode (HTML)
Learn how Dashcode makes widget development easier than ever.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2007-01-09
MoreAppleEvents (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Provides routines that assist with the creation and sending of Apple events and object descriptors.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2003-01-14
ODOC (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates how to send an open document ('odoc') Apple event to another application process.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2003-01-14
Programmatically causing restart, shutdown and/or logout (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1134: Describes how to programmatically cause restart, shutdown, sleep or logout.
Scripting & Automation Technical Q&As 2008-09-24
ScriptView (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to build a script editor application with a built-in script database using AppleScript Studio.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2005-06-01
Setting environment variables for user processes (HTML)
QA1067: Tells how to set environment variables for user processes.
Scripting & Automation Technical Q&As 2001-10-25
Shell Scripting Primer (HTML) (PDF)
A guided tour of (Bourne) shell scripting, including control structures, numerical computation, regular expressions, subroutines, and error handling.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2009-04-08
UpdateXcodeSubprojects (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Updates all subprojects of an Xcode project to Xcode 2.1 format. Illustrates scripting techniques.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2005-06-06
Using PyObjC for Developing Cocoa Applications with Python (HTML)
Learn how to build a sample Cocoa app using the Cocoa-Python bridge PyOjbC.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2005-08-15
Using Ruby on Rails for Web Development on Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn why Mac OS X is the preferred platform for Ruby on Rails.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2007-06-06
Getting Control with Subversion and Xcode (HTML)
Learn how to install and set up Subversion on Mac OS X Server.
Source Control Articles 2005-11-08
How can I get both Subversion (SVN) and CVS on Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard)? (HTML)
QA1492: Explains where to find Subversion and CVS for installation.
Source Control Technical Q&As 2007-11-15
Project Builder 2.1 needs projects to be checked into CVS to enable CVS support (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1245: Explains how to workaround a bug in Project Builder that blocks CVS functionality.
Source Control Technical Q&As 2003-03-20
Setting environment variables for user processes (HTML)
QA1067: Tells how to set environment variables for user processes.
Source Control Technical Q&As 2001-10-25
Xcode Source Management Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to manage source changes using source control and snapshots.
Source Control Guides 2009-01-06
iSync Manual Test Suite Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the suite of manual test cases that plug-in developers should run before shipping their product.
Syncing Guides 2007-07-11
iSync Plug-in Maker User Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the iSync Plug-in Maker tool to create and test iSync phone plug-ins.
Syncing Guides 2007-07-10
iSync Sample Document (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
iSync Plug-in Maker sample document, illustrating how to build an iSync plug-in for a SyncML phone.
Syncing Sample Code 2006-08-01
Sync Services Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to debug multiple syncing applications using the Syncrospector development tool.
Syncing Guides 2007-07-11
Automatically starting and stopping application instances without using Monitor (HTML)
QA1064: Describes how to use WebObjects' monitor utility to stop and start application instances.
WebObjects Technical Q&As 2001-07-25
FrontBase and JDBC (HTML)
QA1041: Describes an alternative to using the JDBC adaptor with FrontBase for WebObjects 5.0.
WebObjects Technical Q&As 2001-07-09
Importing Projects from WO 4.5.x into WO 5.0 (HTML)
QA1035: Describes how to import WebObjects 4.5.x projects into WebObjects 5.0.
WebObjects Technical Q&As 2001-07-09
Java for WebObjects Developers (PDF)
Introduces Java concepts and terms to WebObjects developers. Includes exercises for developing Java expertise in WebObjects.
WebObjects Guides 2003-05-27
UpdateXcodeSubprojects (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Updates all subprojects of an Xcode project to Xcode 2.1 format. Illustrates scripting techniques.
WebObjects Sample Code 2005-06-06
WebObjects 5.4 Reference (HTML)
Describes the WebObjects 5.4 classes in Javadoc format.
WebObjects Reference 2007-10-31
WebObjects 5.4 Release Notes (HTML) (PDF)
Information about known issues and workarounds for WebObjects Release 5.4.
WebObjects Release Notes 2007-12-11
WebObjects 5.4.1 Reference (HTML)
Describes the WebObjects 5.4.1 classes in Javadoc format.
WebObjects Reference 2008-03-11
WebObjects 5.4.2 Reference (HTML)
Describes the WebObjects 5.4.2 Java classes.
WebObjects Reference 2008-10-15
WebObjects Application Properties Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the command-line properties that can be passed to WebObjects application and tools when they start.
WebObjects Guides 2007-07-11
WebObjects applications crashing on NT using IIS (HTML)
WOV01: Explanation and workaround for random crashing with WebObjects patch 2 on Windows NT with IIS.
WebObjects Technical Q&As 2000-10-30
WebObjects Deployment Guide Using JavaMonitor (HTML) (PDF)
Tools and techniques for deploying WebObjects applications. Includes application administration and performance-improving practices.
WebObjects Guides 2007-10-31
WebObjects Direct to Web Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces the Java-based technology for creating web applications that access a database. Includes examples of customizing applications.
WebObjects Guides 2007-07-11
WebObjects Dynamic Elements Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the WebObjects dynamic elements.
WebObjects Reference 2006-01-10
WebObjects Enterprise Objects Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
An overview of the technology that combines object-oriented programming with database application development. Includes examples and solutions.
WebObjects Guides 2007-07-11
WebObjects Extensions Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the WebObjects extensions, a special set of dynamic elements.
WebObjects Reference 2004-12-02
WebObjects J2EE Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to develop J2EE components using WebObjects and deploy WebObjects applications inside servlet containers.
WebObjects Guides 2005-08-11
WebObjects Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces the architecture, technologies, development tools, and development approaches of WebObjects.
WebObjects Guides 2007-07-11
WebObjects Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
Steps for building a simple WebObjects application using Eclipse and the WOLips plug-in.
WebObjects Guides 2009-02-04
WebObjects Web Applications Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to develop web applications using WebObjects, including application design, state management, and database architecture.
WebObjects Guides 2007-07-11
WebObjects Web Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to develop and utilize web services in WebObjects.
WebObjects Guides 2007-07-11
WebObjects XML Serialization Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to serialize objects and data into XML documents.
WebObjects Guides 2005-08-11
AppearanceSampleUpdated (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Sample Code for the WWDC 402 Adopting Xcode Hands-on session.
Xcode Sample Code 2005-06-27
Automating Development Tasks with Automator and Xcode (HTML)
Learn to streamline daily tasks in your development projects using Automator.
Xcode Articles 2006-08-07
Birthdays (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Dashboard widget with a plug-in that queries AddressBook.framework for contacts with upcoming birthdays.
Xcode Sample Code 2008-09-10
C++ Tips and Tricks for Mac OS X (HTML)
TN2185: Tips and tricks for beginning to advanced C++ programmers on Mac OS X.
Xcode Technical Notes 2007-05-25
CFBundleIdentifier and user application access (HTML)
QA1373: Describes the role of CFBundleIdentifier in limiting a user's application access.
Xcode Technical Q&As 2005-02-08
Cocoa Application Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to build a simple Cocoa application using Xcode.
Xcode Guides 2007-10-31
Cocoa Application Tutorial Using Bindings (HTML) (PDF)
A hands-on introduction to Cocoa bindings.
Xcode Guides 2007-07-10
CPlusTest Reference (HTML)
Describes the CPlusTest framework, which provides an API for creating unit tests for C and C++ code.
Xcode Reference 2008-04-08
Creating a Managed Object Model with Xcode (HTML) (PDF)
A tutorial that shows how to create a Core Data managed object model using Xcode.
Xcode Guides 2007-08-07
Cross-Development Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to build software for versions of Mac OS X other than the one the development tools are running on.
Xcode Guides 2006-11-07
Customizing Rails Applications on Mac OS X Leopard (HTML)
Learn how to enhance your Rails application with views and web forms, AJAX, and iPhone support.
Xcode Articles 2008-06-09
Debugging An Authorization Plug-In With Xcode (HTML)
TN2108: A tutorial on how to use Xcode to debug an authorization plug-in.
Xcode Technical Notes 2008-09-08
Debugging and Symbolizing Crash Dumps in Xcode (HTML)
Learn to use crash logs to find those difficult bugs.
Xcode Articles 2007-04-03
Debugging arbitrary applications with Xcode (HTML)
QA1305: Debugging an application with Xcode without requiring the project that built the application.
Xcode Technical Q&As 2003-09-15
Deploying Rails Applications on Mac OS X Leopard (HTML)
Learn how to deploy your Ruby on Rails application on Mac OS X Leopard Server.
Xcode Articles 2008-06-09
Deprecated CALL_ON_[UN]LOAD pragmas (HTML)
QA1429: Replace deprecated CALL_ON_[UN]LOAD pragmas with constructor [destructor] function attributes.
Xcode Technical Q&As 2006-01-10
Developing Rails Applications on Mac OS X Leopard (HTML)
Learn how to develop your Ruby on Rails application using Xcode 3 and the tools in Leopard.
Xcode Articles 2008-06-09
Developing with ZeroLink: small applications and launching on other computers (HTML)
QA1322: Resolving issues caused by the ZeroLink feature in Xcode.
Xcode Technical Q&As 2003-10-31
Documentation Set Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to integrate third-party documentation with the Xcode Documentation window.
Xcode Guides 2009-01-06
Documentation updater for Project Builder shipping with Mac OS X 10.2 (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1207: Updating Project Builder to find new symbols, including the Bluetooth framework under Mac OS X.
Xcode Technical Q&As 2002-10-25
'dynamic shared library not made a weak library in output with MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET...' bug (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1233: Why 'ld' may give a warning about the Mac OS X_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET environment variable and its failure to weak link.
Xcode Technical Q&As 2003-04-01
Framework Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Conceptual information and guidelines on how to create a framework.
Xcode Guides 2006-11-07
GDB Release Notes (HTML)
Updated for Mac OS X v10.5
Xcode Release Notes 2007-05-16
Getting Control with Subversion and Xcode (HTML)
Learn how to install and set up Subversion on Mac OS X Server.
Xcode Articles 2005-11-08
HeaderDoc User Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to extract API reference documentation from commented header files.
Xcode Guides 2008-04-08
How can I get both Subversion (SVN) and CVS on Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard)? (HTML)
QA1492: Explains where to find Subversion and CVS for installation.
Xcode Technical Q&As 2007-11-15
How do I access files contained in my AppleScript Studio application's main bundle? (HTML)
QA1493: Explains how to access files stored within an AppleScript Studio application.
Xcode Technical Q&As 2007-02-05
How do I use asserts while debugging? (HTML)
QA1431: How do I enable asserts so they log their messages and/or break when I'm debugging?
Xcode Technical Q&As 2006-06-30
How to add a folder to the contents of a package (HTML)
QA1484: Describes how to add a folder of files to the package contents of executable code
Xcode Technical Q&As 2006-10-31
How to solve '_objc_exception_set_functions' ZeroLink errors in Xcode (HTML)
QA1321: Explains how to eliminate '_objc_exception_set_functions' ZeroLink errors in Xcode
Xcode Technical Q&As 2003-10-29
Improving Your Software with Xcode andStatic Code Analysis Techniques (HTML)
Learn about static analysis and get started using it with an Xcode project.
Xcode Articles 2006-07-10
Interface Builder 3.1.1 Release Notes (HTML)
Describes configuration changes, bug fixes, and newly reported issues since Interface Builder 3.1.
Xcode Release Notes 2008-09-09
Introducing Xcode 2.3 (HTML)
Get an overview of Xcode 2.3.
Xcode Articles 2006-05-31
ld Release Notes for Xcode 3.1 (HTML)
Xcode Release Notes 2008-05-29
Leopard Technology Series for Developers: Leopard Developer Tools Overview (HTML)
Learn how Leopard developer tools make it easier than ever to create exciting applications.
Xcode Articles 2006-11-15
LLVM-GCC Release Notes (HTML)
Lists changes to LLVM-GCC technology.
Xcode Release Notes 2008-09-09
Mac OS X: versions 10.0.1 through 10.0.4 (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN2025: List of API differences betweem 10.0.1 trough 10.0.4
Xcode Technical Notes 2001-07-26
ManagedObjectDataFormatter (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A Data Formatter for Xcode 2.0 and 2.1 that displays NSManagedObject * variables.
Xcode Sample Code 2005-06-01
Missing Results in Xcode Project Find Window (HTML)
QA1580: A workaround for when a search that previously returned results generates no files found in Xcode
Xcode Technical Q&As 2008-03-06
Moving Your Project from CodeWarrior to Xcode (HTML)
Get started moving your project from CodeWarrior to Xcode.
Xcode Articles 2005-11-28
Nested Functions in Xcode (HTML)
TN2161: This technote explains how to port code which uses nested functions in Xcode 2.2.
Xcode Technical Notes 2006-01-10
Porting CodeWarrior Projects to Xcode (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to move software projects from CodeWarrior to Xcode and compares the two development environments.
Xcode Guides 2006-10-26
Preprocessing Info.plist files in Xcode Using the C Preprocessor (HTML)
TN2175: Describes workarounds for several issues concerning preprocessing Info.plist files in Xcode with the C preprocessor.
Xcode Technical Notes 2007-08-14