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The Reference Library is a comprehensive collection of Apple technical resources, including Articles, Guides, Reference, Release Notes, Sample Code, Technical Notes, and Technical Q&As. Each of the links below leads to the resources for a specific topic.

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NSScriptCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to represent a scripting statement and the information needed to perform the operation it specifies.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2007-07-20
NSScriptCommandDescription Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to provide a description of a script command.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2007-04-10
NSScriptExecutionContext Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class that provides a shared instance of the context in which the current script command is executed.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2006-05-23
NSScriptingComparisonMethods Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the informal protocol used to define a set of methods for comparing script objects.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2006-05-23
NSScriptKeyValueCoding Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the informal protocol used to provide additional key-value coding capabilities in a scriptable application.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2007-10-31
NSScriptObjectSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the abstract class used to instantiate objects that represent references to scriptable objects.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2007-06-29
NSScriptObjectSpecifiers Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the informal protocol used by scriptable objects to provide a fully specified object specifier to themselves.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2006-05-23
NSScriptSuiteRegistry Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used as the top-level repository of scriptability information for an application at runtime.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2007-04-10
NSScriptWhoseTest Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the abstract class used to represent expressions for testing scriptable object inclusion.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2006-05-23
NSSetCommand Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to set values in a scriptable object.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2006-05-23
NSSpecifierTest Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to apply a test to compare a specified object to another object.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2006-06-28
NSUniqueIDSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to specify an object in a container by unique ID.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2006-05-23
NSWhoseSpecifier Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to specify every object in a container that matches a defined condition.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2006-06-28
NSWindowScripting Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the category on NSWindow for scripting basic properties and commands of windows in scriptable applications.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2006-05-23
ODOC (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates how to send an open document ('odoc') Apple event to another application process.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2003-01-14
Open Scripting Architecture Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for compiling and executing scripts in applications and writing scripting components.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2007-05-07
Perl, Python, and Ruby Extensions Release Notes (HTML)
Describes how to create universal binary extensions for Perl, Python, and Ruby.
Scripting & Automation Release Notes 2007-10-31
Processes (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
This process management application uses most of AppleScript Studio's significant features.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2006-07-28
Quartz Composer WebKit Plug-in JavaScript Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for manipulating Quartz Composer compositions in webpages and Dashboard widgets via the Quartz Composer WebKit Plug-in.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2009-01-06
Ruby and Python Programming Topics for Mac OS X (HTML) (PDF)
Describes Ruby and Python on Mac OS X, and especially the bridges between them and Objective-C and OSA (AppleScript).
Scripting & Automation Guides 2007-10-31
Safari User Guide for Web Developers (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the developer tools built into Safari for analyzing, testing, and debugging HTML, JavaScript, style sheets, and DOM structure.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2009-01-06
SampleCMPlugIn (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A contextual menu plugIn for Mac OS X.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2006-10-09
SBSendEmail (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Using the Scripting Bridge to tell Mail.app to send an email message with an optional attachment.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2008-02-28
SBSetFinderComment (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Set/Get Finder Comments using Scripting Bridge
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2007-12-04
SBSystemPrefs (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to use Scripting Bridge to display a preference pane in System Preferences.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2008-10-13
Scripting Additions for Mac OS X (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN1164: Talks about how to create AppleScript scripting additions (OSAX) for Mac OS X.
Scripting & Automation Technical Notes 2008-04-24
Scripting Bridge Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface that allows Cocoa applications to communicate with scriptable applications.
Scripting & Automation Reference 2007-05-29
Scripting Bridge Programming Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Scripting Bridge technology, which bridges OSA-compliant applications to Objective-C, and explains how to use it in Cocoa programs.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2008-03-11
Scripting Bridge Release Note (HTML)
A release note that describes the classes and techniques used to control scriptable applications from Objective-C code.
Scripting & Automation Release Notes 2007-10-31
Scripting Interface Guidelines (HTML)
TN2106: Directions for providing a clean and consistent scripting interface for your application.
Scripting & Automation Technical Notes 2004-03-01
Scripting the COM/ActiveX Control in QuickTime 7 for Windows (HTML)
Learn to build standalone Windows applications that use QuickTime, without needing to master the API.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2005-09-12
ScriptingBridgeFinder (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Using the Finder with Scripting Bridge
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2007-12-13
ScriptingBridgeiCal (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Adding/updating events in iCal using Scripting Bridge.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2007-12-13
ScriptingDefinitions (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Provides a starting sdef (scripting definition) and a completed one for the Sketch example code.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2008-05-30
ScriptView (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to build a script editor application with a built-in script database using AppleScript Studio.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2005-06-01
Shell Scripting Primer (HTML) (PDF)
A guided tour of (Bourne) shell scripting, including control structures, numerical computation, regular expressions, subroutines, and error handling.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2009-04-08
SimpleCarbonAppleScript (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A simple example illustrating how to add readable and writable AppleScript properties to Carbon Application.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2007-03-01
SimpleScripting (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates the minimal steps required to make an application scriptable.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2008-05-30
SimpleScriptingObjects (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to add scriptable objects to an AppleScriptable application.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2008-06-02
SimpleScriptingProperties (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to add some properties to the terminology provided by an AppleScriptable application.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2008-06-02
SimpleScriptingVerbs (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to add verbs to the terminology provided by an AppleScriptable application.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2008-06-02
Sketch-112 (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Sketch is a Scriptable Graphics application. This sample adds certain Scriptable functionality to Sketch, as an example for use in WWDC 2005 Session 112.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2005-06-06
SMIL Scripting Guide for QuickTime (HTML) (PDF)
Defines support for using SMIL to communicate with the QuickTime browser plug-in, ActiveX control, and QuickTime Player.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2005-06-04
System Startup Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains the boot process used to initialize the Mac OS X operating system.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2008-11-19
TextEditPlus (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
This application is a version of TextEdit enhanced with additional document properties using AppleScript Studio.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2006-07-28
Tiger Developer Overview Series: Developing Dashboard Widgets (HTML)
Learn how to create powerful mini-applications quickly and easily.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2004-12-07
Transforming a Shell Script into an Automator Action (HTML)
Custom shell script actions let you quickly turn shell, Perl, or Python scripts into Automator actions.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2007-06-01
UpdateXcodeSubprojects (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Updates all subprojects of an Xcode project to Xcode 2.1 format. Illustrates scripting techniques.
Scripting & Automation Sample Code 2005-06-06
Using AppleScript Scripts in Cocoa Applications (HTML)
TN2084: Explains how to work with AppleScript scripts in your Cocoa application.
Scripting & Automation Technical Notes 2006-09-19
Using Automator to Expand the Market for Your Software (HTML)
Learn how building Automator actions and workflows can create new sales opportunities.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2005-07-19
Using PyObjC for Developing Cocoa Applications with Python (HTML)
Learn how to build a sample Cocoa app using the Cocoa-Python bridge PyOjbC.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2005-08-15
Using Python with Quartz 2D on Mac OS X (HTML)
New article on using the Python bindings in Mac OS X to access the Quartz 2D graphics API.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2007-07-10
Using Ruby on Rails for Web Development on Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn why Mac OS X is the preferred platform for Ruby on Rails.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2007-06-06
WebKit DOM Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to use JavaScript in web content and WebKit-based applications.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2008-10-15
Why is my Ruby on Rails application with FastCGI generating "'load error /etc/irbrc" errors? (HTML)
QA1494: Describes how to resolve an error encountered hosting Ruby on Rails applications on Mac OS X 10.5.
Scripting & Automation Technical Q&As 2007-11-28
XML-RPC and SOAP Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to make remote procedure calls from applications or from AppleScript scripts.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2005-03-03
Accessing HTTPS Proxy Settings (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1234: Describes how to programatically access Secure Web Proxy information.
Security Technical Q&As 2003-02-19
Apple Certificate Library Functional Specification (PDF)
Specifications for Apple's implementation of the Certificate Library CDSA plug-in.
Security Reference 2005-01-13
Apple Cryptographic Service Provider Functional Specification (PDF)
Specification for Apple's implementation of the Cryptographic Service Provider (CSP) CDSA plug-in.
Security Reference 2005-03-10
Apple Trust Policy Module Functional Specification (PDF)
Specification for Apple's implementation of the Trust Policy (TP) CDSA plug-in.
Security Reference 2005-01-25
AuthForAll (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to use Authorization Services to create a self-restricted application.
Security Sample Code 2005-10-26
Authorization for Everyone (HTML)
TN2095: Describes applications of Authorization Services beyond simple privilege requesting.
Security Technical Notes 2008-01-30
Authorization Plug-in Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for implementing an authorization plug-in.
Security Reference 2007-05-15
Authorization Services C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for adding fine-grained control of privileged operations in an application.
Security Reference 2005-11-08
Authorization Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to add fine-grained control of privileged operations in an application.
Security Guides 2009-01-06
AuthorizationCreateFromExternalForm 100022 Error Explained (HTML)
QA1498: Explains the undocumented 100022 return value from AuthorizationCreateFromExternalForm.
Security Technical Q&As 2007-01-04
Be careful when using AuthorizationCreate (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1172: Explains why you should avoid determining allowable rights when creating an AuthorizationRef.
Security Technical Q&As 2002-09-20
BetterAuthorizationSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows the recommended way to access privileged functionality from a non-privileged application on Mac OS X.
Security Sample Code 2007-11-27
BSDLLCTest (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Program sample demonstrates how to send and receive raw LLC Ethernet packets.
Security Sample Code 2003-06-12
CBGroupIdentity Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class for operating on user identities.
Security Reference 2007-05-14
CBIdentity Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to create and operate on identities.
Security Reference 2007-05-14
CBIdentityAuthority Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to manipulate identity authority databases.
Security Reference 2007-05-14
CBIdentityPicker Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class that manages the identity picker.
Security Reference 2007-05-14
CBUserIdentity Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class for operating on user identities.
Security Reference 2007-05-14
Certificate, Key, and Trust Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Shows how to evaluate trust for a certificate and recover from a trust failure.
Security Guides 2008-11-19
Certificate, Key, and Trust Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes services to read and evaluate certificates and to use cryptographic keys.
Security Reference 2008-11-19
CFNetwork Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Foundation networking functions to work with low-level BSD sockets.
Security Guides 2009-05-06
Code Signing Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how you can sign your code and why you should.
Security Guides 2008-11-19
Code Signing Release Notes (HTML)
Security Release Notes 2007-10-31
Collaboration Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Objective-C API for monitoring and editing identities.
Security Reference 2007-05-14
Core Services Identity Reference (HTML)
Describes the C API for creating, maintaining and finding users and groups.
Security Reference 2008-04-08
Creating Secure Transactions on Mac OS X Server with SSL (HTML)
Learn how to provide a layer of public-key encryption over any TCP connection.
Security Articles 2004-01-12
CryptNoMore (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to authenticate a user using Open Directory (Directory Services).
Security Sample Code 2008-03-17
Cryptographic Message Syntax Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for encrypting, signing, and decoding messages using Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS).
Security Reference 2007-10-31
CryptoSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Contains sample code showing symmetric encryption and message digest calculation.
Security Sample Code 2003-02-06
Debugging An Authorization Plug-In With Xcode (HTML)
TN2108: A tutorial on how to use Xcode to debug an authorization plug-in.
Security Technical Notes 2008-09-08
Describing the kSecTrustResultUnspecified error. (HTML)
QA1360: Explaining the semantics behind the kSecTrustResultUnspecified error returned by the Security APIs.
Security Technical Q&As 2007-02-05
Does Safari support 128-bit encryption? (HTML)
QA1320: Discusses support for 128-bit encryption in Apple's Safari web browser.
Security Technical Q&As 2004-09-10
Enabling X11 Forwarding (HTML)
QA1383: Describes how to enable ssh clients to receive X11 communication from a Mac OS X system.
Security Technical Q&As 2004-10-25
GetMACAddressSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to retrieve the MAC address for each Ethernet interface from the Mac OS X I/O Registry.
Security Sample Code 2003-01-14
GetPrimaryMACAddress (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates retrieving the MAC address of the built-in Ethernet controller. Useful for uniquely identifying a Macintosh system.
Security Sample Code 2005-10-27
Getting a Packet Trace (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1176: Lists tools available for looking at the network packets on the wire.
Security Technical Q&As 2008-06-03
Identity Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how identities work and how to use them in applications.
Security Guides 2008-10-15
Identity Services Reference Collection (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the APIs for using identities and the Identity Picker.
Security Reference 2007-05-14
IdentitySample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
IdentitySample builds a utility which demonstrates how to use the CoreServices Identity API to manage system-wide identities
Security Sample Code 2006-07-27
Installing smart card reader drivers (HTML)
QA1359: Updates obsolete information contained in the pcscd(8) man page on Mac OS X Jaguar and Panther.
Security Technical Q&As 2004-08-30
Java for Mac OS X v10.4, Release 7 Release Notes (HTML) (PDF)
First version of Java for Mac OS X v10.4 Update 7 Release Notes.
Security Release Notes 2008-09-24
Java for Mac OS X v10.4, Release 8 Release Notes (HTML) (PDF)
Lists resolved and outstanding developer issues with Java for Mac OS X v10.4, Release 8.
Security Release Notes 2009-03-04
Java for Mac OS X v10.5 Release Notes (HTML) (PDF)
Security Release Notes 2007-10-31
Java for Mac OS X v10.5 Update 1 Release Notes (HTML) (PDF)
Lists resolved and outstanding developer issues with Java for Mac OS X v10.5 Update 1.
Security Release Notes 2008-05-02