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Leopard Reference Library
Carbon is a set of C APIs offering developers an advanced user interface tool kit, event handling, the Quartz 2D graphics library, and multiprocessing support. Developers have access to other C and C++ APIs, including the OpenGL drawing system and the Mach microkernel.

A guided introduction and learning path for developers new to Carbon.   Essential information for developers using procedural C.   C API references organized by framework.
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Memory Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the deprecated technology for working with dynamic memory.
Resource Management Reference 2007-06-27
Quartz 2D Transformer (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to use Quartz 2D to manipulate an image
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2007-06-21
vDSP Complex Vector Conversion Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes functions that convert complex vectors between interleaved and split forms.
Performance Reference 2007-06-15
vDSP Vector Scalar Arithmetic Operations Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes vDSP functions that perform arithmetic operations combining a scalar with each element of a vector.
Performance Reference 2007-06-15
HIGeometry Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API that defines basic geometric objects for HIToolbox.
Graphics & Imaging, Human Interface Toolbox Reference 2007-06-11
Using Secure Event Input Fairly (HTML)
TN2150: Describes the proper use of EnableSecureEventInput.
Events & Other Input, Security Technical Notes 2007-06-08
Text Input Source Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for operating on text input sources, such as keyboards, character palettes, and ink input.
Internationalization, Text & Fonts Reference 2007-06-07
Attributed Strings Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use attributed strings, which manage attributes of character strings or individual characters.
Data Management, Text & Fonts Guides 2007-06-04
CoreTextArc (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates the use of fonts, lines, and runs in a CoreText text drawing Carbon application.
Text & Fonts Sample Code 2007-06-04
CrossEvents (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to send CarbonEvents and NSNotifications between Carbon and Cocoa.
Design Guidelines, Events & Other Input, Porting, Process Management Sample Code 2007-05-31
Dictionary Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create a dictionary and access it programmatically.
Text & Fonts Guides 2007-05-30
Core Endian Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for creating and installing callbacks to byte swap custom data.
Data Management, Intel-Based Macs, Porting Reference 2007-05-29
Dictionary Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Objective-C and C routines that support programmatic access to dictionaries.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-05-29
HIView-NSView (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to embed an NSView within an HIView in a Carbon window.
Design Guidelines, Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Sample Code 2007-05-29
Text Utilities Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for operating on strings (formatting, sorting, converting, comparing).
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-05-29
Spotlight Importer Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the role of metadata importers and how to write them.
File Management Guides 2007-05-27
Spotlight Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces the main components and services of Apple's metadata technology.
Design Guidelines Guides 2007-05-27
CTLine Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a line of text.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-05-24
CTRun Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a set of consecutive glyphs sharing the same attributes and direction.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-05-24
StarMenu (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to create a Custom Star Shape menu using the new HIMenuView class.
Human Interface Toolbox Sample Code 2007-05-24
CFFileDescriptor Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an object for monitoring file descriptors for read and write activity.
File Management Reference 2007-05-23
Spotlight Metadata Attributes Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes metadata attributes used with Spotlight.
File Management Reference 2007-05-22
CTFontCollection Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a collection of fonts.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-05-16
Image Capture Applications Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interaction between applications programs and image capture devices such as cameras and scanners.
Graphics & Imaging Guides 2007-05-16
Authorization Plug-in Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for implementing an authorization plug-in.
Security Reference 2007-05-15
CTGlyphInfo Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an opaque type used to override a font's mapping from Unicode to glyph ID.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-05-09
HIFleetingControls (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Implements fleeting controls such as seen in QuickTime Player full screen mode or iPhoto slideshow
Human Interface Toolbox Sample Code 2007-05-08
Open Scripting Architecture Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for compiling and executing scripts in applications and writing scripting components.
Interapplication Communication, Scripting & Automation Reference 2007-05-07
Resolution Independence Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Describes resolution independence and how to start updating applications to support high-resolution monitors.
Graphics & Imaging, User Experience Guides 2007-05-04
Core Text String Attributes Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the string attributes recognized by Core Text.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-05-01
CTFrame Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a multiline text frame.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-05-01
CTTextTab Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a tab in a paragraph style.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-05-01
CTTypesetter Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the opaque type that performs line layout.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-05-01
Printer Queue vs. Printer Name (HTML)
QA1407: Explains the difference between a printer queue and a printer name.
Printing Technical Q&As 2007-04-26
Core Text Utilities Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes general Core Text functions and data types.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-04-21
CTFramesetter Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an opaque type that generates text frames.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-04-21
CTParagraphStyle Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes paragraph or ruler attributes in an attributed string.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-04-21
QLPreviewRequest Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an opaque type for handling requests for Quick Look document previews.
User Experience Reference 2007-04-20
HIView Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for creating and manipulating view-based controls and menus in Carbon applications.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Reference 2007-04-13
Quick Look Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for creating plug-ins that generate Quick Look previews and thumbnails.
User Experience Reference 2007-04-13
Image I/O Reference Collection (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for reading and writing image data.
Graphics & Imaging Reference 2007-04-09
Icon Services and Utilities Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for manipulating and drawing icons in Carbon applications.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Reference 2007-04-06
Thread Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for creating cooperatively scheduled threads in Carbon applications.
Process Management Reference 2007-04-04
Saving Printer Settings for Automatic Printing (HTML)
TN2155: Describes how you can save a a user selected Printer, Print Settings and Page Format to disk.
Printing Technical Notes 2007-03-29
Control Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for creating and manipulating Carbon controls.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Reference 2007-03-26
AESendThreadSafe (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to send Apple events from threads other than the main thread.
Interapplication Communication Sample Code 2007-03-09
Using the Web Services Core Framework and CFNetwork to Access Remote SOAP Services (HTML)
Learn how to access remote SOAP-based web services that require HTTP Basic or Digest authentication.
Internet & Web, Networking Articles 2007-03-07
Availability of Quartz Composer Patches in Web Kit (HTML)
QA1505: Details which Quartz Composer patches are available in Web Kit
Internet & Web Technical Q&As 2007-03-05
RecordAudioToFile (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates recording audio to an AAC file using Core Audio
Audio Sample Code 2007-02-27
Fonts Panel Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for providing a Fonts window in a Carbon application.
Graphics & Imaging, Text & Fonts, User Experience Reference 2007-02-26
Multilingual Text Engine Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for supporting Unicode text editing.
Internationalization, Text & Fonts Reference 2007-02-19
FSReplaceObject (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
FSReplaceObject is an example command line tool showing how to exercise the FSReplaceObject and FSPathReplaceObject related APIs.
File Management Sample Code 2007-02-14
Advertising a Bonjour service on a specific set of networking interfaces. (HTML)
QA1513: Explains how to register a Bonjour service only on a specific set of networking interfaces.
Networking Technical Q&As 2007-02-12
Accessibility Programming Guidelines for Carbon (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to access-enable Carbon applications.
Accessibility, Design Guidelines, User Experience Guides 2007-02-08
The header file 'alut.h' is missing from the OpenAL framework. (HTML)
QA1504: ALUT headers were removed from OpenAL.framework with the Xcode 2.4. This Q&A describes how to regain access to those system-supplied symbols
Audio Technical Q&As 2007-02-06
Cocoa_With_Carbon_or_CPP (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to call Carbon routines and C++ code from within an Objective-C Cocoa program.
User Experience Sample Code 2007-02-05
Kerberos: Highly Secure Single Sign On Authentication in Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn how you can take advantage of Kerberos in your application.
Security Articles 2007-02-05
Appearance Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for coordinating the look of the standard Mac OS human interface.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Reference 2007-01-23
CarbonCocoa_PictureCursor (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use NSCursor from a Carbon based application.
Human Interface Toolbox, Porting, User Experience Sample Code 2007-01-12
Core Audio Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Provides an overview of Core Audio and its programming interfaces.
Audio Guides 2007-01-08
Data Formatting Guide for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Foundation formatters to create and validate text in text fields and other cells.
Data Management Guides 2006-12-21
CoreTextTest (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to handle the CoreText objects to display text.
Text & Fonts Sample Code 2006-12-19
How can I determine the order of the languages set by the user in the Language tab of the International preference pane? (HTML)
QA1391: Retrieving the order of the languages set by the International preference pane in Cocoa, Carbon, and Terminal.
Internationalization Technical Q&As 2006-12-19
Quartz 2D Reference Collection (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for the native two-dimensional drawing engine in Mac OS X.
Graphics & Imaging Reference 2006-12-18
Leopard Technology Series for Developers: Leopard Developer Application Technologies Overview (HTML)
Learn how Leopard will help you create powerful and innovative features for your users.
Design Guidelines Articles 2006-12-07
Alias Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for creating and managing persistent references to file system objects.
File Management Reference 2006-12-05
SetMouseAcclSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Find HID System Manager and get/set cursor acceleration
Events & Other Input Sample Code 2006-11-28
Security Framework Error Codes (HTML)
QA1499: Explains how to interpret errors returned by the Security Framework with an overview of Security error handling.
Security Technical Q&As 2006-11-16
Leopard Technology Series for Developers: Leopard Developer Tools Overview (HTML)
Learn how Leopard developer tools make it easier than ever to create exciting applications.
Tools Articles 2006-11-15
Playing a sound file using the Default Output Audio Unit (HTML)
TN2097: Playing an Audio File using the Default Output Audio Unit
Audio Technical Notes 2006-11-15
Why am I getting a bdNamErr when trying to use a file I just located? (HTML)
QA1392: Describes the problem caused by different forbidden characters in POSIX and HFS and a solution around the problem.
File Management Technical Q&As 2006-11-14
Why is my application crashing in QuickDraw when I'm not using it? (HTML)
QA1256: provides an explanation and workaround for a rare but serious problem affecting all applications.
Human Interface Toolbox Technical Q&As 2006-11-13
LittleArrowsShowcase (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to increment and decrement the LittleArrows value when the user clicks on the up and down buttons.
Human Interface Toolbox Sample Code 2006-11-09
Cross-Development Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to build software for versions of Mac OS X other than the one the development tools are running on.
Tools Guides 2006-11-07
Finder Interface Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes several C data types used by the Finder to contain information about file system objects.
File Management, Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Reference 2006-10-31
The Font Panel for Carbon API (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN2058: The API to display and interact with the Font Panel from Carbon applications on Mac OS X.
Graphics & Imaging Technical Notes 2006-10-26
Porting CodeWarrior Projects to Xcode (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to move software projects from CodeWarrior to Xcode and compares the two development environments.
Intel-Based Macs, Porting, Tools Guides 2006-10-26
TremoloUnit (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Audio unit sample demonstrating how to build an effect unit with a generic view.
Audio Sample Code 2006-10-26
SimplePlayThru (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Use the HAL's Audio Output Unit (AUHAL) for device input and output on a single device (play-thru)
Audio Sample Code 2006-10-25
SeeMyFriends (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates how to use SyncServices API in a Carbon (HLTB) based application
Syncing Sample Code 2006-10-16
VolumeToBSDNode (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to iterate across all mounted volumes and retrieve their BSD node names.
File Management Sample Code 2006-10-16
CFPrefTopScores (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to access globally shared (writable) user preferences without requiring authentication.
Core Foundation, Data Management, Design Guidelines, File Management, Games, Resource Management Sample Code 2006-10-09
RecentItems (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Implements "Recent items" menu(s)
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Sample Code 2006-10-09
SampleCMPlugIn (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A contextual menu plugIn for Mac OS X.
Design Guidelines, Human Interface Toolbox, Resource Management, Scripting & Automation, User Experience Sample Code 2006-10-09
Extending Printing Dialogs (HTML) (PDF)
A guide to developing printing dialog extensions, including basic concepts and a documented Carbon-based sample project.
Printing Guides 2006-10-03
GCC Porting Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Provides guidance on how to migrate projects to new GCC releases.
Intel-Based Macs Guides 2006-10-03
Performance Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces the factors that determine performance.
Performance Guides 2006-10-03
Preferences Programming Topics for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to manage Core Foundation user preferences.
Core Foundation, Data Management Guides 2006-10-03
CarbonQuartzComposer_TV (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to integrate Cocoa based QuartzComposer window into a Carbon based application
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2006-10-02
Compression Sessions - Multipass encoding and the pass mode flags (HTML)
QA1457: Discusses how the pass mode flags work when performing multipass compression operations.
QuickTime Technical Q&As 2006-10-02
Date, Time, and Measurement Utilities Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for manipulating the locale-specific data of the battery-operated clock.
Internationalization Reference 2006-09-29
Menu Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for creating and managing an application's menus.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Reference 2006-09-15
Quartz2DBasics (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Carbon and Cocoa sample code demonstrating some basic usage of the Quartz 2D API
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2006-09-11
Quartz Programming Guide for QuickDraw Developers (HTML) (PDF)
Provides strategies to help Carbon programmers replace QuickDraw code with Quartz.
Graphics & Imaging Guides 2006-09-05
Speech Synthesis Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes speech synthesis in Mac OS X and explains how your application can produce customized spoken output.
User Experience Guides 2006-09-05
Navigation Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for presenting a user interface for opening, saving, and navigating files.
File Management, User Experience Reference 2006-08-16
StickiesExample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Contains sample code and tools used by Sync Services Tutorial to demonstrate debugging syncing applications.
Apple Applications, Syncing, User Experience Sample Code 2006-08-08
ABPresence (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Displays a list of all the people in your Address Book and their iChat status.
Apple Applications, Interapplication Communication Sample Code 2006-08-04
HIToolboxSOU-Delegates (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to use the HIObject Delegate API.
Human Interface Toolbox Sample Code 2006-08-04
HIToolboxSOU-MenuItemViews (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to use the Menu Item View API.
Human Interface Toolbox Sample Code 2006-08-04