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Leopard Reference Library
Carbon is a set of C APIs offering developers an advanced user interface tool kit, event handling, the Quartz 2D graphics library, and multiprocessing support. Developers have access to other C and C++ APIs, including the OpenGL drawing system and the Mach microkernel.

A guided introduction and learning path for developers new to Carbon.   Essential information for developers using procedural C.   C API references organized by framework.
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Watcher (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Uses FSEvents to monitor a directory hierarchy to keep track of its total size
Events & Other Input, File Management Sample Code 2006-08-04
AudioQueueTest (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates AudioQueue, an audio playback API introduced in Mac OS X 10.5
Audio Sample Code 2006-08-01
SetCustomIcon (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to programmatically set a custom icon for a file, folder, or disk.
User Experience Sample Code 2006-08-01
AppleScriptRunner (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to send mail and execute other AppleScripts from a Carbon application.
User Experience Sample Code 2006-07-31
ABPerson C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the opaque type that encapsulates information about a person in Address Book.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-07-26
Carbon Porting Tutorial (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Porting a simple application from Mac OS 9 to Mac OS X
Porting Sample Code 2006-07-25
CarbonCocoaCoreImageTab (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Carbon-based application creates a Cocoa-based web window which used CoreImage filters to transition between tabbed WebViews
Human Interface Toolbox, Internet & Web Sample Code 2006-07-25
Software Delivery Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to distribute and install Mac OS X software using PackageMaker and Installer.
Tools, User Experience Guides 2006-07-24
Going Universal: Audio Developers Catch the Wave (HTML)
Learn how audio developers who built universal binaries of their applications are reaping the benefits.
Audio, Intel-Based Macs, Porting Articles 2006-07-18
PMPrinterPrintWithFile (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to send files, for example PostScript and PDF, directly to the printer. Replaces the pict-ps path.
Printing Sample Code 2006-07-18
Component Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an interface for using shared code resources.
Runtime Architecture Reference 2006-07-17
Losing the character code when using the control key (HTML)
QA1446: Explains why the control key transforms the character code instead of simply setting the appropriate modifier bit.
Human Interface Toolbox, Text & Fonts Technical Q&As 2006-07-17
Apple Game Sprockets Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the programming interface defined by Game Sprockets. Replaced by Quartz Display Services.
Games, Graphics & Imaging Reference 2006-07-13
Find By Content Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the legacy C API for performing relevance-ranked searches. Replaced by Search Kit.
Data Management, Text & Fonts, User Experience Reference 2006-07-13
HTML Rendering Library Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the legacy C API for drawing HTML text and images in a window. Replaced by the Web Kit.
Graphics & Imaging Reference 2006-07-13
Launch Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an API for opening documents, other applications, and URLs, in a way similar to the Finder or the Dock.
File Management, Interapplication Communication Reference 2006-07-13
Low Memory Accessors Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for obtaining information stored in low-memory variables.
Resource Management Reference 2006-07-13
MDLineage Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for tracking versions of a file.
File Management Reference 2006-07-13
Palette Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the legacy C API used to select colors for display devices limited to an 8-bit pixel depth.
Graphics & Imaging Reference 2006-07-13
Picture Utilities Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the legacy C API for reading and modifying image data stored in PICT-formatted files. Replaced by Quartz2D.
Graphics & Imaging Reference 2006-07-13
Power Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the legacy C API for controlling power to the internal hardware devices of battery-powered Macintosh computers.
Resource Management Reference 2006-07-13
QuickDraw Text Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the legacy C API for measuring and drawing text. Replaced by ATSUI.
Text & Fonts Reference 2006-07-13
Spotlight Reference Collection (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API used to define Apple's desktop search technology, Spotlight.
File Management Reference 2006-07-13
TextEdit Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the deprecated technology replaced by the Multilingual Text Engine (MLTE).
Text & Fonts Reference 2006-07-13
URL Access Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the legacy C API for transferring data to and from a URL from within an application. Replaced by CFNetwork.
File Management, Internet & Web, Networking Reference 2006-07-13
Apple Help Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for finding and displaying help content using Apple's HTML-based help system.
User Experience Reference 2006-07-12
Drag Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for dragging objects within the user interface.
Interapplication Communication, User Experience Reference 2006-07-12
Folder Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for finding and accessing directories, including common Mac OS X system locations.
File Management Reference 2006-07-12
Memory Management Utilities Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for accessing global variables and managing the operating-system queue.
Resource Management Reference 2006-07-12
Pascal String Utilities Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for manipulating Pascal strings in Carbon applications.
Runtime Architecture, Text & Fonts Reference 2006-07-12
SCSI Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the C API for accessing SCSI devices in Classic Mac OS. Replaced by the I/O Kit.
Resource Management Reference 2006-07-12
Translation Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for handling data and documents between applications, including applications from another operating system.
File Management Reference 2006-07-12
AppleScript Terminology and Apple Event Codes Reference (HTML)
Lists terms used in AppleScript, AppleScript Studio, and Standard Additions with their matching codes.
Interapplication Communication, Scripting & Automation Release Notes 2006-06-28
Code Size Performance Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Guidelines for reducing the size of an application binary.
Performance Guides 2006-06-28
MDItem Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the metadata attributes for a file.
File Management Reference 2006-06-28
Memory Usage Performance Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Guidelines for improving the performance of memory-related code.
Performance Guides 2006-06-28
Quartz Display Services Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Shows how to configure and control display hardware using Quartz Display Services.
Graphics & Imaging Guides 2006-06-28
Developing Games on Mac OS X Using Third-Party Game Engines (HTML)
Create your own game using the powerful game engines that run on Mac OS X.
Games Articles 2006-06-05
Address Book C Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for supporting and working with Address Book.
Apple Applications Reference 2006-05-23
Byte-Order Utilities Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes Core Foundation byte-order functions.
Intel-Based Macs Reference 2006-05-23
Network Services Location Manager (Legacy) (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Explains how to have a Carbon application discover available network services.
Networking Guides 2006-05-23
QuickTime Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for QuickTime.
QuickTime Reference 2006-05-23
Changing the volume of audio devices (HTML)
QA1016: Demonstrates volume controls for audio devices
Audio Technical Q&As 2006-05-02
Uniquely Identifying a Macintosh Computer (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN1103: How to identify a specific Macintosh computer.
Security Technical Notes 2006-04-25
AudioDeviceNotify (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to enumerate audio devices attached to the system and how to handle device notifications
Audio Sample Code 2006-04-21
Enumerating fonts with ATS (HTML)
QA1471: Describes the different ATS font enumeration methods
Text & Fonts Technical Q&As 2006-04-14
Address Book Programming Guide for Mac OS X (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to add, search, remove, and customize Address Book records.
Apple Applications Guides 2006-04-04
Drawing Performance Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Guidelines for improving the speed of drawing code.
Performance Guides 2006-04-04
Launch Time Performance Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Guidelines for improving the launch performance of an application.
Performance Guides 2006-04-04
CoreAudio Overload Warnings (HTML)
QA1467: Describes CoreAudio overload warnings what they mean and how to avoid them.
Audio Technical Q&As 2006-03-29
ColorSync Color Matching on Intel-based Macs (HTML)
QA1464: Describes special considerations for byte ordering when performing ColorSync color matching on Intel-based Macs
Graphics & Imaging Technical Q&As 2006-03-16
Spotlight Query Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to add Spotlight searching to your applications.
File Management Guides 2006-03-08
Time Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for scheduling routines for execution at a later time.
Resource Management Reference 2006-03-08
HISimpleList (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates how to create a simple list using the HIView APIs introduced in Mac OS X 10.2.
Human Interface Toolbox Sample Code 2006-03-03
iTunesController (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
iTunesController allows you to control iTunes without having to bring it to the foreground.
Accessibility Sample Code 2006-02-23
QTCarbonCoreImage101 (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to render QuickTime Movies using Core Image filters and the new video pipeline.
QuickTime Sample Code 2006-02-14
Working with Quartz Composer (HTML)
Learn to build a sample composition without having to write code.
Graphics & Imaging Articles 2006-02-13
Carbon Accessibility Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for making Carbon applications accessible to assistive technologies.
Accessibility Reference 2006-02-07
CheckExecutableArchitecture (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Determine whether a particular Mach-O executable contains a version suitable for executing on a given processor architecture.
Runtime Architecture Sample Code 2006-02-07
Mac OS X Printing System Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces Apple's printing architecture. Includes a road map for developing software.
Printing Guides 2006-02-07
Property List Programming Topics for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use structured, textual representations of data in Core Foundation.
Core Foundation, Data Management Guides 2006-02-07
Sequence Grabber preallocates large file when recording (HTML)
QA1411: Describes how to prevent the Sequence Grabber from filling your entire disk when recording.
QuickTime Technical Q&As 2006-02-06
SillyFrequencyLevels (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to obtain audio frequency levels from a Movie using SetMovieAudioFrequencyMeteringNumBands and GetMovieAudioFrequencyLevels APIs.
QuickTime Sample Code 2006-01-25
Coalesced Updates (HTML)
TN2133: How to achieve the maxium frame rate in your Mac OS X application
Graphics & Imaging Technical Notes 2006-01-20
CFNetworkHTTPDownload (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to download a URL using CFNetworking.
Networking Sample Code 2006-01-18
Compression Sessions - Configuring options using the Standard Compression dialog (HTML)
QA1456: Discusses how to configure Compression Session options using Standard Compression dialog.
QuickTime Technical Q&As 2006-01-12
Compression Sessions - Enabling muti-pass encoding (HTML)
QA1450: Describes how to enable multi-pass encoding when using ICM compression sessions.
Graphics & Imaging, QuickTime Technical Q&As 2006-01-12
Compression Sessions - Temporal compression options (HTML)
QA1455: Discusses the temporal compression option as it relates to quality and other compression session options.
QuickTime Technical Q&As 2006-01-12
Debugging Graphics with QuartzDebug (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1236: Explains how to use QuartzDebug to debug graphics issues.
Graphics & Imaging Technical Q&As 2006-01-12
Decompression Sessions - Setting codec accuracy and field mode (HTML)
QA1460: Describes how to set codec accuracy and field mode options when creating a decompression sessions.
QuickTime Technical Q&As 2006-01-12
Binary Data Programming Guide for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create and use Core Foundation data objects, object-oriented wrappers for byte buffers.
Core Foundation, Data Management Guides 2006-01-10
filesystem_examples (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Collection of command line tools illustrating filesystem features.
File Management Sample Code 2006-01-10
High Level Toolbox Release Notes (10.4) (HTML)
Human Interface Toolbox Release Notes 2006-01-10
High Level Toolbox Release Notes (10.4.2) (HTML)
Human Interface Toolbox Release Notes 2006-01-10
High Level Toolbox Release Notes (10.4.3) (HTML)
Human Interface Toolbox Release Notes 2006-01-10
Ink Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Defines the C API for customizing handwriting recognition.
Events & Other Input Reference 2006-01-10
QuickTime Movie Basics (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces some of the basic concepts you need to understand when working with QuickTime movies.
QuickTime Guides 2006-01-10
QuickTime Music Architecture Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to enable synthesizing and playing of sounds and musical sequences.
Audio Guides 2006-01-10
Unicode Utilities Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API that allows applications and input methods to operate on Unicode text.
Internationalization, Text & Fonts Reference 2006-01-10
Setting default open Finder window (HTML)
QA1449: How to set the default Finder window to open when a disk is mounted
File Management, Human Interface Toolbox Technical Q&As 2006-01-03
Search Kit Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes Search Kit architecture and workflow, and how to add search capabilities to Carbon and Cocoa applications.
Data Management, Text & Fonts, User Experience Guides 2005-12-06
How can I handle smooth mouse wheel scrolling? (HTML)
QA1453: Details an undocumented Carbon Event which will be added to the public headers in a later DevTools release.
Events & Other Input, Human Interface Toolbox Technical Q&As 2005-11-29
Moving Your Project from CodeWarrior to Xcode (HTML)
Get started moving your project from CodeWarrior to Xcode.
Porting, Tools Articles 2005-11-28
Bundle Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Foundation bundle objects to organize resources.
Core Foundation, Resource Management Guides 2005-11-09
Carbon Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Defines Carbon and the components of Carbon applications. Provides a whirlwind tour of Carbon APIs.
General Guides 2005-11-09
EventMonitorTest (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Receive notification of all keyboard, mouse, and tablet events passed to other processes.
Events & Other Input Sample Code 2005-11-09
Mac OS X ABI Dynamic Loader Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the functions used to access Mach-O files.
Runtime Architecture Reference 2005-11-09
Mathematical and Logical Utilities Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for mathematical and logical data manipulation.
Data Management Reference 2005-11-09
Text Services Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for communicating between client applications and provider modules.
Events & Other Input, Text & Fonts Reference 2005-11-09
Authorization Services C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for adding fine-grained control of privileged operations in an application.
Security Reference 2005-11-08
The Sound of Opportunity Knocking: The Audio Units Community Takes Off (HTML)
Learn how one developer created a successful business using audio units.
Audio Articles 2005-10-31
TabsShowcase (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to instantiate and use the Tab control both programmatically and from a nib file.
Human Interface Toolbox Sample Code 2005-10-28
FileNotification (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
kqueue file notification introduced in 10.3. Notification API to detect file system modifications.
File Management Sample Code 2005-10-27
GetPrimaryMACAddress (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates retrieving the MAC address of the built-in Ethernet controller. Useful for uniquely identifying a Macintosh system.
Networking, Security Sample Code 2005-10-27
Designing Network-Friendly Applications (HTML)
Learn to make your application management-aware and reliably accessible on a network.
Design Guidelines Articles 2005-10-24
Compression Sessions - Configuring codec quality settings (HTML)
QA1444: Discusses how to set encoding quality for a Compression Sequence
QuickTime Technical Q&As 2005-10-17
HICustomPushButton (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Illustrates how to create a simple custom push button using the HIView functions introduced in Mac OS X 10.2.
Human Interface Toolbox Sample Code 2005-10-17
ImageMapView (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to add Accessibility to a complex custom HIView and the related parts of an application.
Accessibility, Human Interface Toolbox Sample Code 2005-10-17
LoginItemsAE (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Uses Apple events to manipulate the list of login items (items launched when you log in).
Interapplication Communication, Process Management Sample Code 2005-10-17
CocoaInCarbon (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates using Cocoa GUI code in a Carbon application.
Design Guidelines, Runtime Architecture Sample Code 2005-10-04