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Leopard Reference Library
Cocoa is an object-oriented application environment designed for developing Mac OS X native applications. The Cocoa frameworks support rapid development and high productivity. Cocoa provides developers starting new Mac OS X projects the fastest way to full-featured implementations. Applications from other platforms can also be brought to Mac OS X quickly using Cocoa.

A guided introduction and learning path for developers new to Cocoa.   Essential information for developers using Objective-C.   Objective-C API references organized by framework.
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Quartz Composer Offline Rendering (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to render a Quartz Composer composition as a series of images using an OpenGL pBuffer.
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2005-06-01
Quartz Composer Texture (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to use a Quartz Composer composition as an OpenGL texture.
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2005-06-01
Quartz Composer WWDC 2005 Composition (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to build a parameterized motion graphics composition with Quartz Composer.
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2005-06-01
Quartz Composer WWDC 2005 TextEdit (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrate how to modify TextEdit's about dialog to display a Quartz Composer composition.
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2005-06-01
QuartzLines (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Drawing Lines using Quartz's CGPath & CGContextStrokeLineSegments functions.
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2005-06-01
TexturePerformanceDemo (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
OpenGL texture optimization demo for WWDC Session 214
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2005-06-01
VertexPerformanceDemo (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Vertex optimization demo for WWDC Session 214
Games, Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2005-06-01
Worm (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
NSView performance demonstration. Uses a periodic timer to get best performance with Coalesced Update feature.
Graphics & Imaging, Performance Sample Code 2005-06-01
MoreFilesX (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Shows various File Manager operations through a collection of high-level routines using HFS Plus APIs.
File Management Sample Code 2005-05-13
Resolution Independent UI Release Notes (HTML)
Graphics & Imaging Release Notes 2005-04-29
SearchKit Release Notes (HTML)
User Experience Release Notes 2005-04-29
Sync Services Release Notes (10.4) (HTML)
Apple Applications, Data Management, Internet & Web, Syncing Release Notes 2005-04-29
Crash in ABAddPropertiesAndTypes (HTML)
QA1404: How to correctly add custom Address Book properties using ABAddPropertiesAndTypes
Apple Applications Technical Q&As 2005-04-04
Tiger Developer Overview Series: Developing with Core Data (HTML)
Learn to use Core Data to define your application's data model graphically.
Data Management, Design Guidelines Articles 2005-04-04
Help Book Caching During Software Development (HTML)
QA1409: Development situations that can potentially confuse Help Viewer
Tools Technical Q&As 2005-03-30
AudioBurn (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to create an object conforming to the DRTrackProduction protocol to create a RedBook audio CD.
File Management Sample Code 2005-03-17
DataBurn (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to create a DRFolder and burn it to disc.
File Management Sample Code 2005-03-17
Tiger Developer Overview Series: Developing with Core Image (HTML)
Learn how Core Image can help you take your graphics development to the next level.
Graphics & Imaging Articles 2005-03-09
Finding an NSView's current magnification. (HTML)
QA1346: How to discover the current magnification (zoom level) of any NSView.
Graphics & Imaging, User Experience Technical Q&As 2005-03-08
XML-RPC and SOAP Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to make remote procedure calls from applications or from AppleScript scripts.
Interapplication Communication, Internet & Web, Scripting & Automation Guides 2005-03-03
CFBundleIdentifier and user application access (HTML)
QA1373: Describes the role of CFBundleIdentifier in limiting a user's application access.
Design Guidelines, Security Technical Q&As 2005-02-08
PictureSharing (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use NSNetServices to advertise a service using Bonjour.
Networking Sample Code 2005-02-08
PictureSharingBrowser (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use NSNetServices to take advantage of Bonjour service discovery and name resolution.
Networking Sample Code 2005-02-08
Public UTIs supported by Mac OS X v10.3 (HTML)
QA1406: Lists the public UTIs (Uniform Type Identifiers) used by the Pasteboard in Mac OS X v10.3.
Interapplication Communication Technical Q&As 2005-02-08
OpenGL Release Highlights - Mac OS X 10.3 Panther (HTML)
TN2131: Contains a list of bugs along with a short description on a release-by-release basis
Games, Graphics & Imaging Technical Notes 2005-02-04
Turn up the Volume with Audio Units (HTML)
Learn to build a sample volume unit, test it, and integrate it into GarageBand.
Audio Articles 2005-01-31
Using the .Mac SDK (HTML)
Learn how the .Mac SDK can enhance your application with powerful web-integration features.
Interapplication Communication, Internet & Web Articles 2005-01-25
Variable arguments in Objective-C methods (HTML)
QA1405: How to implement methods which take a variable number of arguments.
Objective-C Language Technical Q&As 2005-01-13
Resolves may return an IPv6 address in Panther (HTML)
QA1298: Explains why you get an IP address of 0.0.0.0 when resolving a Bonjour service.
Networking Technical Q&As 2005-01-10
Tiger Developer Overview Series: Developing Dashboard Widgets (HTML)
Learn how to create powerful mini-applications quickly and easily.
Apple Applications Articles 2004-12-07
NSOpenGLView redraw problems after a window is closed and re-opened. (HTML)
QA1353: Workaround for NSOpenGLView failure to draw after its window is closed and re-opened.
Graphics & Imaging Technical Q&As 2004-12-03
Why aren't my tracking rects working? (HTML)
QA1355: Describes a common mistake in setting up cursor-tracking rectangles.
Events & Other Input, User Experience Technical Q&As 2004-12-02
NSGLImage (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Demonstrates how to texture in OpenGL with an NSImage and/or NSBitmapImageRep
Games, Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2004-12-01
Sending an Email (HTML)
QA1084: Shows how to create an email in the user's prefered email application.
Interapplication Communication, Internet & Web, Networking Technical Q&As 2004-11-05
Using Interface Builder's NSOpenGLView or Custom View objects for an OpenGL application (HTML)
QA1167: Describes usage cases for both NSOpenGLViews and Custom Views for Cocoa OpenGL applications
Graphics & Imaging Technical Q&As 2004-10-28
Sorting Like the Finder (HTML)
QA1159: Shows how to sort strings like the Finder's list view.
File Management, Text & Fonts Technical Q&As 2004-10-27
Preventing sleep (HTML)
QA1160: Explains how your application can prevent the system from sleeping.
Resource Management Technical Q&As 2004-10-22
How do I determine how much VRAM is available on my video card? (HTML)
QA1168: Using Core Graphics and IOKit to find the physical size of VRAM on installed hardware.
Graphics & Imaging Technical Q&As 2004-10-11
Tiger Develop Overview Series: Working with Spotlight (HTML)
Learn to make the most of Spotlight's powerful search technologies within your own applications.
File Management Articles 2004-10-07
Movies - Saving movie playback hints (HTML)
QA1366: Explains how to save and load media play hints from Movie files.
QuickTime Technical Q&As 2004-09-14
Setting the ColorSync profile for a NSBitmapImageRep object (HTML)
QA1369: Setting the ColorSync profile for a NSBitmapImageRep object
Graphics & Imaging Technical Q&As 2004-09-08
Browsers (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Cocoa browsers.
User Experience Guides 2004-08-31
Font Panel (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the Cocoa Font panel.
Text & Fonts, User Experience Guides 2004-08-31
Secure Transport Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for creating a Secure Sockets Layer session over any transport layer.
Security Reference 2004-08-31
Cocoa and AppleScript: From Top to Bottom (HTML)
Learn how to activate AppleScript in your application so that users can create scripts.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2004-08-23
SpellingChecker CarbonCocoa Bundled (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to load and call a Cocoa bundle from a Carbon CFM or Mach-O application
Runtime Architecture Sample Code 2004-08-17
Universal Access: Computers That Everyone Can Use (HTML)
Learn how to make your applications usable by everyone, including those with disabilities.
Accessibility Articles 2004-08-02
Bonjour enforces the TXT record format in Panther (HTML)
QA1306: Explains how mDNSResponder enforces the proper TXT record format in Panther.
Networking Technical Q&As 2004-07-14
Updating the TXT record of a Bonjour service (HTML)
QA1302: Explains how to update a Bonjour TXT record while running on either Jaguar or Panther.
Networking Technical Q&As 2004-07-14
Graphics Exporters - Creating 16-bit-per-channel image files (HTML)
QA1354: Discusses how to use QuickTime Graphics Exporters to create 16-bit-per-channel image files.
QuickTime Technical Q&As 2004-06-03
Discovering all advertised Bonjour service types (HTML)
QA1337: Explains how to discover all Bonjour service types being advertised on the local network.
Networking Technical Q&As 2004-06-01
Avoiding the -42 error with DiscRecording (HTML)
QA1292: Explains how to workaround the -42 error when using the DiscRecording API.
File Management Technical Q&As 2004-05-25
Binding your Preferences in Cocoa (HTML)
Learn to use bindings by creating a simple app.
Design Guidelines, User Experience Articles 2004-04-26
Bonjour enforces the service type format in Panther (HTML)
QA1198: Explains why registering a Bonjour service might fail on Panther.
Networking Technical Q&As 2004-03-23
FSCopyObject (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Copy engine for copying files and directories.
File Management Sample Code 2004-03-19
Using the Web Kit for Application Registration (HTML)
Learn how to use the Web Kit to handle your application's online registration.
User Experience Articles 2004-03-09
HFS Plus Volume Format (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN1150: Describes the physical layout of an HFS Plus volume.
File Management Technical Notes 2004-03-05
Use the Computer Name when registering your Bonjour service (HTML)
QA1228: Explains why you should use the Computer Name when advertising a Bonjour service.
Networking Technical Q&As 2004-03-05
Scripting Interface Guidelines (HTML)
TN2106: Directions for providing a clean and consistent scripting interface for your application.
Scripting & Automation Technical Notes 2004-03-01
Text Attributes (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to work with attributes, the distinguishing characteristics of rich text.
Text & Fonts Guides 2004-02-16
Video Hardware Info (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Sample demonstrates how to query the video hardware for useful information.
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2004-02-12
NSOpenGL Fullscreen (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to create and switch between windowed and fullscreen OpenGL contexts using NSOpenGL.
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2004-02-11
Text Input and Output (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to read and write text files in Cocoa.
Text & Fonts Guides 2004-02-10
Spell Checking (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the spell-checking facilities in the Cocoa text system.
Text & Fonts, User Experience Guides 2004-02-09
Text Fields (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Cocoa text fields.
Text & Fonts, User Experience Guides 2004-02-09
Text Views (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Cocoa text views.
Text & Fonts, User Experience Guides 2004-02-09
Shearing a Coordinate Space with NSAffineTransform (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1332: Describes a simple way to shear coordinate spaces by adding a few methods to the NSAffineTransform class.
Graphics & Imaging Technical Q&As 2004-01-29
Verification (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Objective-C example which demonstrates how to provide custom data verification for data written to disc.
File Management Sample Code 2004-01-23
Understanding and Detecting OpenGL Functionality (HTML)
TN2080: Discusses OpenGL API design, and how to access the full power of hardware and software renderers.
Graphics & Imaging Technical Notes 2003-12-29
ColorMatching (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Performs simple color matching of images using ColorSync or the QuickTime 6.4 Graphics Importers.
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2003-12-18
TipWrapper (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to wrap long tool tips into multiple lines in Cocoa.
Text & Fonts, User Experience Sample Code 2003-12-18
CocoaPeoplePicker (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use the AddressBook framework's ABPeoplePickerView.
Apple Applications Sample Code 2003-12-11
OpenGL Screensaver (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to integrate OpenGL drawing into a standard Cocoa screen saver on Mac OS X.
Graphics & Imaging, User Experience Sample Code 2003-12-10
The Enhanced Print Apple Event (HTML)
TN2082: Describes an enhancement to the print Apple event that gives developers more control over scripted printing.
Printing Technical Notes 2003-12-09
MapLargeFile (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows a technique for mapping files greater than 4GB into memory for faster access.
Resource Management Sample Code 2003-11-19
MungSaver (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates a simple Screen Saver module for Panther, using the Sequence Grabber DataProc mung technique.
User Experience Sample Code 2003-11-18
RGB ValueTransformers (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Supersedes the "RGB Image sample". Sample now uses bindings. Color separation now done in an NSValueTransformer subclass.
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2003-11-18
Tab Views (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Cocoa tab views.
User Experience Guides 2003-11-06
Downloading through a proxy server in Mac OS X (HTML)
QA1296: Explains when downloading through a proxy server will work, and when it will fail.
Networking Technical Q&As 2003-10-29
Environment Variables (HTML)
QA1255: Describes how a process gets its environment variables.
Runtime Architecture Technical Q&As 2003-10-29
ContentBurn (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Creates an audio CD using standard audio files like mp3, aac, aiff, and wav.
File Management Sample Code 2003-10-27
FancyAbout (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates several visual effects for "About..." panels such as scrolling text, window without a title bar, and ways to dismiss the window.
Graphics & Imaging, User Experience Sample Code 2003-10-27
InkSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates some usage scenarios for the Ink.Framework APIs.
Text & Fonts Sample Code 2003-10-27
Bonjour TXT record rate limiting in Panther (HTML)
QA1293: Explains how mDNSResponder implements TXT record rate limiting in Panther.
Networking Technical Q&As 2003-10-23
Third party VFS can't unmount on Mac OS X 10.3 (HTML)
QA1308: Describes changes in unmounting behavior for VFS plug-ins under Mac OS X 10.3 "Panther."
File Management Technical Q&As 2003-10-23
Bonjour and wake from sleep (HTML)
QA1290: Explains why applications that use Bonjour should stay registered and continue browsing on sleep.
Networking Technical Q&As 2003-09-18
How to add other pasteboard types to an HFS Promise drag in Cocoa (HTML)
QA1300: Explains how to add other pasteboard types to an HFS Promise drag in Cocoa.
Interapplication Communication Technical Q&As 2003-09-15
How to remove the "Open Recent" menu item in a Document-based Cocoa application (HTML)
QA1289: Explains how to remove the "Open Recent" menu item in a Document-based Cocoa application.
User Experience Technical Q&As 2003-09-15
How to set a custom drag image when doing an HFS Promise drag in Cocoa (HTML)
QA1200: Explains how to set a custom drag image when doing an HFS Promise drag in Cocoa.
Interapplication Communication, User Experience Technical Q&As 2003-09-15
QTEffectsDialog - Cocoa (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to display the standard QuickTime effects parameters dialog in a Cocoa application.
QuickTime Sample Code 2003-09-04
CFXML to CFPropertyListRef (and back!) (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1208: Describes to how save and restore a CFPropertyListRef to and from an XML file.
Data Management Technical Q&As 2003-08-29
Speech (HTML) (PDF)
Explains Cocoa's interfaces to the speech synthesis and speech recognition technologies.
Accessibility, User Experience Guides 2003-08-08
TextLinks (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Programmatically creates links to URLs and other objects and handles clicks in non-URL links.
Networking Sample Code 2003-07-29
CallMachOFramework (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows two ways of calling a Mach-O framework from a CFM application on Mac OS X.
Runtime Architecture Sample Code 2003-07-17
CFM_MachO_CFM (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
CFM application calls Mach-O routine, passing in a fixed up CFM function pointer as a callback parameter.
Runtime Architecture Sample Code 2003-07-17
CGImageRef contents are immutable (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1276: Explains that CGImageRef contents are considered immutable once created.
Graphics & Imaging Technical Q&As 2003-07-17
Cocoa CG aliasing demo (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to draw both aliased and anti-aliased text and graphics using Quartz and Cocoa.
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2003-07-17
Cocoa CG arc demo (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to draw both aliased and anti-aliased arcs using Quartz and Cocoa.
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2003-07-17
DeviceListener (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Uses the DiscRecording framework to listen for device plug/unplug events and media insertion events.
File Management Sample Code 2003-07-17
Monochrome Image (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Applies the NTSC color weighting formula to an image to generate a monochrome version of the image.
Graphics & Imaging Sample Code 2003-07-16