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Leopard Reference Library
Networking capabilities in Mac OS X include support for the major protocols and services. Developers can gain access to them through sockets and Core Services, as well as through the higher-level Carbon and Cocoa APIs.

Provides a guided introduction to developing network-capable applications for Mac OS X.   Essential information for developers using Apple's networking environment.   API references organized by framework.
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Security Framework Error Codes (HTML)
QA1499: Explains how to interpret errors returned by the Security Framework with an overview of Security error handling.
Security Technical Q&As 2006-11-16
CFFTPSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A simple example showing how to use CFFTPStream to download and upload files.
Core Foundation Sample Code 2006-10-13
Network Kernel Extensions (legacy) (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to write a kernel extension for adding or modifying functionality of a networking stack (Mac OS X 10.3 and earlier).
Darwin, Hardware & Drivers Guides 2006-10-03
The state of mDNSResponder (HTML)
QA1339: Explains how to obtain information regarding the internal state of mDNSResponder.
Bonjour, Darwin, Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2006-10-03
Apple Remote Desktop Focus on Task Server (PDF)
Explains how to use Task Server to provide always-on, automated administration of client computers.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2006-08-07
Smart Card Setup Guide (PDF)
Explains how to configure Mac OS X version 10.4 to use smart cards.
Security Guides 2006-08-07
NSURLClient Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the deprecated class replaced by the classes NSURLConnection and NSURLDownload.
Cocoa Reference 2006-08-01
IdentitySample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
IdentitySample builds a utility which demonstrates how to use the CoreServices Identity API to manage system-wide identities
Core Foundation Sample Code 2006-07-27
Deploying Mac OS X Computers for K-12 Education (PDF)
Explains how to configure and deploy Mac OS X Server and Mac OS X computers for K-12 education.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2006-07-24
KPI Reference (HTML)
Provides information on the NKE Sustainable API in Headerdoc format.
Darwin Reference 2006-07-17
URL Access Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the legacy C API for transferring data to and from a URL from within an application. Replaced by CFNetwork.
Carbon, Internet & Web Reference 2006-07-13
NSURLCredential Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a credential used to authenticate a URL load request.
Cocoa Reference 2006-06-28
Apple Filing Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Apple Filing Protocol commands.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server Reference 2006-05-23
Bonjour Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Apple's zero-configuration networking architecture in Cocoa applications.
Bonjour Guides 2006-05-23
Network Services Location Manager (Legacy) (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Explains how to have a Carbon application discover available network services.
Carbon Guides 2006-05-23
NSHTTPCookieStorage Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a collection of cookies shared across all applications.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSHTTPURLResponse Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a response to an HTTP request.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSMessagePort Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an endpoint for distributed object connections or interprocess messaging.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSMutableURLRequest Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mutable request for a resource identified by a URL.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURL Additions Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes additions to support pasteboards.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLAuthenticationChallenge Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a challenge from a server requiring authentication from the client.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLAuthenticationChallengeSender Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for receiving authentication challenges.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLCredentialStorage Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mapping of credentials to their corresponding protection spaces.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLDownload Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a connection used to download data to a file.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLHandleClient Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a deprecated technology replaced by the NSURLDownload class.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLProtectionSpace Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an area on a server that requires authentication of URL load requests.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLProtocolClient Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface used by protocol objects to communicate with the URL loading system.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
Open Directory Plug-in Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to implement dynamically loaded libraries that respond to Open Directory client requests in Carbon.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server Guides 2006-05-23
Open Directory Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Carbon API for using Open Directory.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server Reference 2006-05-23
Xsan Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes managing files and storage pools with Xsan.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2006-05-23
Xsan Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Xsan API commands.
Mac OS X Server Reference 2006-05-23
Uniquely Identifying a Macintosh Computer (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN1103: How to identify a specific Macintosh computer.
Hardware & Drivers, Security Technical Notes 2006-04-25
Apple Filing Protocol Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes high-level concepts for Apple Filing Protocol commands.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server Guides 2006-04-04
The "packages" node in the device tree (HTML)
HW90: Describes the "packages" node in the Open Firmware device tree.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2006-02-22
System Configuration Programming Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use system configuration services for network configuration and management, including determining reachability and getting connected.
Darwin, General Guides 2006-02-07
CFNetworkHTTPDownload (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to download a URL using CFNetworking.
Carbon, Core Foundation Sample Code 2006-01-18
DNS Service Discovery Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use DNS Service Discovery in your application.
Bonjour Guides 2005-11-09
GetPrimaryMACAddress (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates retrieving the MAC address of the built-in Ethernet controller. Useful for uniquely identifying a Macintosh system.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server, Security Sample Code 2005-10-27
enetlognke (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Interface filter based on supported Kernel Programming Interfaces for Tiger.
Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2005-08-10
SocketCancel (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to safely cancel threads that are blocked within BSD sockets calls.
Darwin Sample Code 2005-08-10
SimpleDial (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates management of dialup connections, such as PPP, using System Configuration framework network connection API.
Core Foundation, Darwin Sample Code 2005-07-26
SimpleReach (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates network host reachability testing using the System Configuration framework asynchronous network reachability API.
Core Foundation, Darwin Sample Code 2005-07-26
Open Transport Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Carbon compatibility library for accessing TCP/IP networks at the transport level.
Carbon Reference 2005-07-07
Mixing link-local IP addresses and routable IP addresses (HTML)
QA1357: Explains how to enable communication between devices with link-local addresses and devices with routable addresses.
Bonjour, Darwin, Hardware & Drivers, Printing Technical Q&As 2005-07-06
Problems getting Bonjour TXT record information (HTML)
QA1389: Explains why you might have problems retrieving TXT record information from a CFNetServiceRef or NSNetService.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation Technical Q&As 2005-07-06
AutoUpdater (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
This sample demonstrates Cocoa networking using the NSURL loading classes, NSURLConnection and NSURLDownload.
Cocoa Sample Code 2005-06-01
CocoaHTTPServer (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A Cocoa example showing how to write a very basic HTTP service.
Cocoa Sample Code 2005-06-01
DNSServiceMetaQuery (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to discover Bonjour service types being advertised on the local network.
Bonjour, Core Foundation, Darwin Sample Code 2005-06-01
GridCalendar (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to add a custom job submission UI to the GridSample project.
Cocoa Sample Code 2005-06-01
ImageClient (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use CFNetwork for synchronous and asynchronous operations, network diagnostics, proxy navigation, and authentication.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation Sample Code 2005-06-01
DNSServiceDiscovery Mach-Based API (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated.
Bonjour Guides 2005-04-29
Mac OS X Server High Availability Administration (PDF)
Explains how to manage IP failover, link aggregation, and load balancing to ensure high availability of services.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2005-04-29
Accessing SQL Data in Apple Remote Desktop 2 (HTML)
Learn how to access the PostgreSQL database to help create custom applications.
Mac OS X Server Articles 2005-02-21
DockBrowser (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use CFNetServices to take advantage of Bonjour service discovery and name resolution.
Bonjour Sample Code 2005-02-08
PictureSharing (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use NSNetServices to advertise a service using Bonjour.
Bonjour Sample Code 2005-02-08
PictureSharingBrowser (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use NSNetServices to take advantage of Bonjour service discovery and name resolution.
Bonjour Sample Code 2005-02-08
Configuring and Running X11 Applications on Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn to set up and use X11 applications on your Mac OS X system.
Internet & Web Articles 2005-01-17
Resolves may return an IPv6 address in Panther (HTML)
QA1298: Explains why you get an IP address of 0.0.0.0 when resolving a Bonjour service.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation Technical Q&As 2005-01-10
Sending an Email (HTML)
QA1084: Shows how to create an email in the user's prefered email application.
Internet & Web Technical Q&As 2004-11-05
Using Open Source Tools to Filter Email on Mac OS X Server (HTML)
Learn how to identify, filter, and remove viruses from the Postfix mail server.
Internet & Web, Mac OS X Server, Security Articles 2004-09-27
Writing Open Directory Plug-ins (HTML)
Learn how to write Open Directory plug-ins to help your application locate and manage network information.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server Articles 2004-09-13
Secure Transport Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for creating a Secure Sockets Layer session over any transport layer.
Security Reference 2004-08-31
Bonjour enforces the TXT record format in Panther (HTML)
QA1306: Explains how mDNSResponder enforces the proper TXT record format in Panther.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Darwin Technical Q&As 2004-07-14
Bonjour service types used in Mac OS X (HTML)
QA1312: Provides a list of common Bonjour service types used in Mac OS X.
Bonjour Technical Q&As 2004-07-14
Updating the TXT record of a Bonjour service (HTML)
QA1302: Explains how to update a Bonjour TXT record while running on either Jaguar or Panther.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Darwin Technical Q&As 2004-07-14
Discovering all advertised Bonjour service types (HTML)
QA1337: Explains how to discover all Bonjour service types being advertised on the local network.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Darwin, Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2004-06-01
CFHostSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Uses the CFHost API to do DNS hostname lookups and to determine host reachability.
Carbon, Core Foundation Sample Code 2004-04-20
Bonjour enforces the service type format in Panther (HTML)
QA1198: Explains why registering a Bonjour service might fail on Panther.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa Technical Q&As 2004-03-23
Use the Computer Name when registering your Bonjour service (HTML)
QA1228: Explains why you should use the Computer Name when advertising a Bonjour service.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa Technical Q&As 2004-03-05
Clearing mDNSResponder's cached records (HTML)
QA1310: Clearing the Bonjour service cache (mDNSResponder's cached records) for testing purposes.
Bonjour Technical Q&As 2004-02-11
Duplicate Bonjour services while browsing (HTML)
QA1333: Explains how to work with multiple network interfaces when browsing for Bonjour services.
Bonjour Technical Q&As 2004-02-06
Use empty string for Bonjour domains (HTML)
QA1331: Explains what to specify for the domain parameter when using Bonjour API's.
Bonjour Technical Q&As 2004-02-06
Creating Secure Transactions on Mac OS X Server with SSL (HTML)
Learn how to provide a layer of public-key encryption over any TCP connection.
Internet & Web, Mac OS X Server, Security Articles 2004-01-12
Downloading through a proxy server in Mac OS X (HTML)
QA1296: Explains when downloading through a proxy server will work, and when it will fail.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation Technical Q&As 2003-10-29
URL Access vs. CFNetwork (HTML)
QA1291: Explains when to choose URL Access or CFNetwork when downloading files from within your application.
Carbon Technical Q&As 2003-10-29
Installing an I/O Kit KEXT Without Rebooting (HTML)
QA1319: Describes the state of the art of installing I/O Kit kernel extensions (KEXTs) without requiring a restart.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2003-10-28
MoreIsBetter (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Library providing indispensable wrapers and workarounds for many areas of Mac OS programming.
Carbon, Darwin, Security Sample Code 2003-10-27
SimplePing (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Sample provides simple API to programatically ping a remote host without admin privileges
Darwin, Internet & Web Sample Code 2003-10-27
Bonjour TXT record rate limiting in Panther (HTML)
QA1293: Explains how mDNSResponder implements TXT record rate limiting in Panther.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa Technical Q&As 2003-10-23
Registering a Bonjour service multiple times (HTML)
QA1311: Explains why registering the same Bonjour service twice on the same machine doesn't cause a name conflict.
Bonjour Technical Q&As 2003-10-23
Bonjour and wake from sleep (HTML)
QA1290: Explains why applications that use Bonjour should stay registered and continue browsing on sleep.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa Technical Q&As 2003-09-18
NSL and how it relates to Bonjour (HTML)
QA1299: Explains the relationship between NSL and Bonjour.
Bonjour Technical Q&As 2003-09-18
OTEndpointInfo (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Demonstrates how to query an endpoint for its 'vital statistic' using OTGetEndpointInfo.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-08-20
Optimizing an Xserve for Web Hosting (HTML)
Learn how to configure and optimize an Xserve to ensure fast, robust web hosting.
Internet & Web, Mac OS X Server Articles 2003-08-06
OTMP (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - A library for calling Open Transport synchronously from preemptively scheduled tasks (MP tasks).
Carbon Sample Code 2003-07-22
OTPingSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Demonstrates how to implement ping on top of the Open Transport API.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-07-22
BSDLLCTest (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Program sample demonstrates how to send and receive raw LLC Ethernet packets.
Carbon, Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2003-06-12
QISA (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates the basics of writing an Internet setup assistant for traditional Mac OS and Mac OS X.
Carbon, Darwin Sample Code 2003-05-15
Internet Config Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the legacy technology for managing Internet preferences in Classic Mac OS.
Carbon Reference 2003-05-01
PPPoE Server for Testing (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1252: Describes how to configure Mac OS X as a PPPoE server for testing purposes.
Carbon, Cocoa Technical Q&As 2003-04-11
Internet Connect Speed (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1165: Describes how to get the modem connection speed from the System Configuration framework dynamic store.
Carbon, Internet & Web Technical Q&As 2003-03-26
Accessing HTTPS Proxy Settings (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1234: Describes how to programatically access Secure Web Proxy information.
Carbon, Mac OS X Server Technical Q&As 2003-02-19
LocalServer (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Sample demonstrates how a Classic process can communicate with a Mac OS X process using IP networking protocols.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-01-30
GetHWEthernetAddr (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Shows how to obtain the hardware Ethernet address of a machine.
Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2003-01-14
GetMACAddressSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to retrieve the MAC address for each Ethernet interface from the Mac OS X I/O Registry.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server, Security Sample Code 2003-01-14
GetSetOptions (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates a variety of uses of Open Transport's option management routines.
Carbon, Hardware & Drivers, Mac OS X Server Sample Code 2003-01-14
ListMania (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates a variety of techniques for using Open Transport's list utility routines.
Carbon, Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2003-01-14
NameAndAddress (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A single window utility that gets a host name from an IP address or an IP address from a hostname.
Cocoa Sample Code 2003-01-14
NoCopyReceives (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates using no-copy receives under Open Transport.
Carbon, Hardware & Drivers, Internet & Web Sample Code 2003-01-14
NSLMiniBrowser (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Uses the NSL API to find network services using SLP, NBP, and Directory Services.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-01-14