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Leopard Reference Library
Networking capabilities in Mac OS X include support for the major protocols and services. Developers can gain access to them through sockets and Core Services, as well as through the higher-level Carbon and Cocoa APIs.

Provides a guided introduction to developing network-capable applications for Mac OS X.   Essential information for developers using Apple's networking environment.   API references organized by framework.
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68K Open Transport Code on Power Macintoshes (HTML)
Deprecated - NW48: Explains why running Open Transport 68K code on a PowerPC may not always work.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1997-03-14
Aborting a OTConnect in Progress (HTML)
Deprecated - NW29: Describes the proper way to abort OTConnect, and why after calling OTSndDisconnect you may receive "kOTOutStateErr".
Carbon Technical Q&As 1996-05-14
Accessing HTTPS Proxy Settings (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1234: Describes how to programatically access Secure Web Proxy information.
Carbon, Mac OS X Server Technical Q&As 2003-02-19
Accessing SQL Data in Apple Remote Desktop 2 (HTML)
Learn how to access the PostgreSQL database to help create custom applications.
Mac OS X Server Articles 2005-02-21
Advertising a Bonjour service on a specific set of networking interfaces. (HTML)
QA1513: Explains how to register a Bonjour service only on a specific set of networking interfaces.
Bonjour Technical Q&As 2007-02-12
Allocate and Disk Full Error (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
FL12: Discusses a problem with AFP volumes displaying incorrect free space, and returning disk full errors.
Carbon, Cocoa Technical Q&As 1999-07-21
Apple Filing Protocol Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes high-level concepts for Apple Filing Protocol commands.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server Guides 2006-04-04
Apple Filing Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Apple Filing Protocol commands.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server Reference 2006-05-23
Apple Remote Desktop Administrator's Guide Version 3.2 (PDF)
Explains how to install and configure Apple Remote Desktop and use it to remotely control and manage client computers.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2007-12-04
Apple Remote Desktop Focus on Task Server (PDF)
Explains how to use Task Server to provide always-on, automated administration of client computers.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2006-08-07
Are the Name Registry device tree nodes unique? (HTML)
Deprecated - HW64: Discusses whether Name Registry nodes copied from the Open Firmware device tree are unique.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1999-10-11
AutoUpdater (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
This sample demonstrates Cocoa networking using the NSURL loading classes, NSURLConnection and NSURLDownload.
Cocoa Sample Code 2005-06-01
Availability of Quartz Composer Patches in Web Kit (HTML)
QA1505: Details which Quartz Composer patches are available in Web Kit
Internet & Web Technical Q&As 2007-03-05
Bonjour and wake from sleep (HTML)
QA1290: Explains why applications that use Bonjour should stay registered and continue browsing on sleep.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa Technical Q&As 2003-09-18
Bonjour enforces the service type format in Panther (HTML)
QA1198: Explains why registering a Bonjour service might fail on Panther.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa Technical Q&As 2004-03-23
Bonjour enforces the TXT record format in Panther (HTML)
QA1306: Explains how mDNSResponder enforces the proper TXT record format in Panther.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Darwin Technical Q&As 2004-07-14
Bonjour Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Apple's zero-configuration networking architecture in Cocoa applications.
Bonjour Guides 2006-05-23
Bonjour Printer Subtype for HTTP (HTML)
QA1555: Describes how printer vendors can register their bonjour service such that Safari can see them.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Darwin Technical Q&As 2008-03-25
Bonjour service types used in Mac OS X (HTML)
QA1312: Provides a list of common Bonjour service types used in Mac OS X.
Bonjour Technical Q&As 2004-07-14
Bonjour TXT record rate limiting in Panther (HTML)
QA1293: Explains how mDNSResponder implements TXT record rate limiting in Panther.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa Technical Q&As 2003-10-23
BSDLLCTest (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Program sample demonstrates how to send and receive raw LLC Ethernet packets.
Carbon, Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2003-06-12
Calling CloseOpenTransport When Writing an App (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - NW36: Identifies a bug in Open Transport 1.1 which means your application must CloseOpenTransport before quitting.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1996-07-03
CBGroupIdentity Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class for operating on user identities.
Cocoa, Security Reference 2007-05-14
CBIdentity Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to create and operate on identities.
Cocoa, Security Reference 2007-05-14
CBIdentityAuthority Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class used to manipulate identity authority databases.
Cocoa, Security Reference 2007-05-14
CBIdentityPicker Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class that manages the identity picker.
Cocoa, Security Reference 2007-05-14
CBUserIdentity Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class for operating on user identities.
Cocoa, Security Reference 2007-05-14
CCL Modem Scripting Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Darwin, Hardware & Drivers Guides 2007-06-28
CCL Modem Scripting Release Notes (HTML)
Explains changes to modem CCLs for Mac OS X v10.5 and what to do to change existing and supersede older scripts.
Hardware & Drivers Release Notes 2007-10-31
CFFTPSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A simple example showing how to use CFFTPStream to download and upload files.
Core Foundation Sample Code 2006-10-13
CFFTPStream Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for communicating with FTP servers.
Core Foundation Reference 2008-07-11
CFHost Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for acquiring host information.
Core Foundation Reference 2008-07-11
CFHostSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Uses the CFHost API to do DNS hostname lookups and to determine host reachability.
Carbon, Core Foundation Sample Code 2004-04-20
CFHTTPAuthentication Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for applying authentication credentials to HTTP messages.
Core Foundation Reference 2007-05-15
CFHTTPMessage Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for creating, sending, receiving and manipulating HTTP messages.
Core Foundation Reference 2008-07-11
CFHTTPStream Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for working with HTTP connections.
Core Foundation Reference 2008-07-08
CFNetDiagnostics Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for diagnosing and fixing network related problems.
Core Foundation Reference 2008-07-11
CFNetServices Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for implementing Bonjour functionality in an application.
Core Foundation Reference 2008-07-08
CFNetwork Error Codes Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes error codes used by the CFNetwork API.
Core Foundation Reference 2008-10-15
CFNetwork Framework Release Notes (HTML)
General, Security Release Notes 2007-10-31
CFNetwork Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Foundation networking functions to work with low-level BSD sockets.
Core Foundation, General, Security Guides 2009-05-06
CFNetwork Reference Collection (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C APIs for performing a variety network tasks.
Carbon, General Reference 2008-07-15
CFNetworkHTTPDownload (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to download a URL using CFNetworking.
Carbon, Core Foundation Sample Code 2006-01-18
CFProxySupport Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the CFProxySupport API, which provides functions for managing network proxy information.
Core Foundation Reference 2008-07-07
CFProxySupportTool (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to use the CFProxySupport APIs to decide whether a network connection should pass through a proxy.
Core Foundation, Darwin Sample Code 2007-10-29
CFStream Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for creating streams.
Core Foundation Reference 2007-05-03
CFStream Socket Additions (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for using streams with sockets.
Core Foundation Reference 2008-07-08
Changing the TCP Window Size (HTML)
NW47: Describes how to change the TCP window size in Open Transport.
Carbon, Cocoa, Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1997-03-14
The "chosen" node in the device tree (HTML)
HW88: Describes how to find the "chosen" node in the Open firmware device tree.
Hardware & Drivers, Internet & Web Technical Q&As 2000-09-05
Clearing mDNSResponder's cached records (HTML)
QA1310: Clearing the Bonjour service cache (mDNSResponder's cached records) for testing purposes.
Bonjour Technical Q&As 2004-02-11
Closing the Connection: OpenTransport (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - NW20: Describes an orderly disconnect situation in Open Transport between two nodes.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1996-03-04
CocoaHTTPServer (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A Cocoa example showing how to write a very basic HTTP service.
Cocoa Sample Code 2005-06-01
Code Signing Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how you can sign your code and why you should.
Security Guides 2008-11-19
Code Signing Release Notes (HTML)
Security Release Notes 2007-10-31
Collaboration Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Objective-C API for monitoring and editing identities.
Cocoa, Security Reference 2007-05-14
Collaboration Reference Update (HTML) (PDF)
Summarizes the symbols added to the Collaboration framework.
Cocoa Release Notes 2007-07-18
Configuring and Running X11 Applications on Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn to set up and use X11 applications on your Mac OS X system.
Internet & Web Articles 2005-01-17
Core Services Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for many fundamental operating system services.
General Reference 2007-10-31
Core Services Identity Reference (HTML)
Describes the C API for creating, maintaining and finding users and groups.
Core Foundation, Security Reference 2008-04-08
Creating Secure Transactions on Mac OS X Server with SSL (HTML)
Learn how to provide a layer of public-key encryption over any TCP connection.
Internet & Web, Mac OS X Server, Security Articles 2004-01-12
CryptNoMore (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to authenticate a user using Open Directory (Directory Services).
Security Sample Code 2008-03-17
Darwin Notification API Reference (HTML)
Describes the Darwin API for interprocess notification.
Darwin Reference 2008-04-08
Deploying Mac OS X Computers for K-12 Education (PDF)
Explains how to configure and deploy Mac OS X Server and Mac OS X computers for K-12 education.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2006-07-24
Descriptor Passing Problems (HTML)
QA1541: Describes how to work around common problems with descriptor passing.
Darwin Technical Q&As 2007-10-29
Determining if a Drive is a Network Volume (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW09: Shows how to determine if a volume is mounted over the network.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1998-06-01
Difference between using Restart or Shut Down in the Finder's Special menu in Open Firmware (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW47: Explains the differences between using Restart or Shut Down on Open Firmware
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1999-02-15
Directory Service Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the Directory Service Framework.
General, Mac OS X Server Reference 2008-04-08
Directory Service Reference Update (HTML) (PDF)
Summarizes the symbols added to the Directory Service framework.
Mac OS X Server Release Notes 2007-05-02
Directory Services for Mac OS X Server v10.5 Release Notes (HTML)
Describes updates, changes, and workarounds for Directory Services for Mac OS X Server v10.5
Mac OS X Server Release Notes 2007-06-08
Discovering all advertised Bonjour service types (HTML)
QA1337: Explains how to discover all Bonjour service types being advertised on the local network.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Darwin, Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2004-06-01
Distributed Objects Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how Objective-C objects in different threads or different processes communicate.
Cocoa Guides 2007-06-06
DNS Service Discovery C Reference (HTML)
Describes the DNS Service Discovery API for implementing Bonjour in an application.
Bonjour, General Reference 2008-04-23
DNS Service Discovery Java Reference (HTML)
Describes DNS Service Discovery API features of ZeroConf networking for Java on Mac OS X in Javadoc format.
Bonjour Reference 2008-10-15
DNS Service Discovery Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use DNS Service Discovery in your application.
Bonjour Guides 2005-11-09
DNSServiceDiscovery Mach-Based API (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated.
Bonjour Guides 2005-04-29
DNSServiceMetaQuery (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to discover Bonjour service types being advertised on the local network.
Bonjour, Core Foundation, Darwin Sample Code 2005-06-01
DockBrowser (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use CFNetServices to take advantage of Bonjour service discovery and name resolution.
Bonjour Sample Code 2005-02-08
Don't forget to cancel your Bonjour resolve (HTML)
QA1297: Explains why it's important to cancel a Bonjour resolve operation.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa Technical Q&As 2007-08-30
Downloading through a proxy server in Mac OS X (HTML)
QA1296: Explains when downloading through a proxy server will work, and when it will fail.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation Technical Q&As 2003-10-29
Duplicate Bonjour services while browsing (HTML)
QA1333: Explains how to work with multiple network interfaces when browsing for Bonjour services.
Bonjour Technical Q&As 2004-02-06
Embedding Bonjour in Windows Applications (HTML)
TN2210: Details the proper steps necessary for a Windows Developer to include Bonjour for Windows in their application.
Bonjour Technical Notes 2008-01-17
enetlognke (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Interface filter based on supported Kernel Programming Interfaces for Tiger.
Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2005-08-10
Error -3168 (kOTStateChangeErr) and Handoff Endpoints (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - NW22: Explains why a kOTStateChangeErr -3168 occurs when there is a handoff endpoint involved.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1996-04-08
Extending and Troubleshooting Directory Services (HTML)
Explains how to extend Directory Services for Mac OS X Server v10.5 and how to troubleshoot problems.
Mac OS X Server Release Notes 2009-02-04
fBroadCastAddr Always Zero (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - NW58: Explains why the fBroadcastAddr field may be zero after a call to OTInetGetInterfaceInfo and includes the workaround.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1999-03-08
Generating a Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI) (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1264: Explains how to generate a non-maskable interrupt (NMI) on modern Macintosh systems.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2008-10-13
GetHWEthernetAddr (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Shows how to obtain the hardware Ethernet address of a machine.
Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2003-01-14
GetMACAddressSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to retrieve the MAC address for each Ethernet interface from the Mac OS X I/O Registry.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server, Security Sample Code 2003-01-14
GetPrimaryMACAddress (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates retrieving the MAC address of the built-in Ethernet controller. Useful for uniquely identifying a Macintosh system.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server, Security Sample Code 2005-10-27
GetSetOptions (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates a variety of uses of Open Transport's option management routines.
Carbon, Hardware & Drivers, Mac OS X Server Sample Code 2003-01-14
Getting a Packet Trace (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1176: Lists tools available for looking at the network packets on the wire.
AirPort/802.11, Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Darwin, Hardware & Drivers, Internet & Web, Mac OS X Server, Printing, Security Technical Q&As 2008-06-03
Getting the User and Computer Name (HTML)
QA1078: Describes how to get the user and computer name on Mac OS X.
Carbon, Core Foundation Technical Q&As 2001-10-30
GridCalendar (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to add a custom job submission UI to the GridSample project.
Cocoa Sample Code 2005-06-01
Handing Off TCP Connections to a Different Port (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW25: Explains that a passive TCP connection cannot hand off the connection to a different port address.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1996-05-14
How to use URL Access with proxy servers (HTML)
Deprecated - QA1074: Explains how to use URL Access with proxy servers.
Carbon Technical Q&As 2001-10-02
Identity Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how identities work and how to use them in applications.
Core Foundation, Security Guides 2008-10-15
Identity Services Reference Collection (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the APIs for using identities and the Identity Picker.
Cocoa, Core Foundation, Security Reference 2007-05-14
IdentitySample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
IdentitySample builds a utility which demonstrates how to use the CoreServices Identity API to manage system-wide identities
Core Foundation Sample Code 2006-07-27
ImageClient (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use CFNetwork for synchronous and asynchronous operations, network diagnostics, proxy navigation, and authentication.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation Sample Code 2005-06-01
Installing an I/O Kit KEXT Without Rebooting (HTML)
QA1319: Describes the state of the art of installing I/O Kit kernel extensions (KEXTs) without requiring a restart.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2003-10-28