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Leopard Reference Library
Networking capabilities in Mac OS X include support for the major protocols and services. Developers can gain access to them through sockets and Core Services, as well as through the higher-level Carbon and Cocoa APIs.

Provides a guided introduction to developing network-capable applications for Mac OS X.   Essential information for developers using Apple's networking environment.   API references organized by framework.
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Internet Config Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the legacy technology for managing Internet preferences in Classic Mac OS.
Carbon Reference 2003-05-01
Internet Connect Speed (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1165: Describes how to get the modem connection speed from the System Configuration framework dynamic store.
Carbon, Internet & Web Technical Q&As 2003-03-26
IODeviceTree and the I/O Registry (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1120: Describes the IODeviceTree plane in the Mac OS X I/O Registry.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2008-09-18
IOKit Framework Headers (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1107: Describes the differences between the headers in IOKit.framework and the I/O Kit headers in Kernel.framework.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2002-01-15
Kerberos GSS (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Kerberos GSS-API Sample
Security Sample Code 2008-06-04
Kernel Core Dumps (HTML)
TN2118: Explains how to gather and use remote kernel core dumps.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Notes 2008-11-12
KPI Reference (HTML)
Provides information on the NKE Sustainable API in Headerdoc format.
Darwin Reference 2006-07-17
Launching the Default Internet Browser (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW60: Shows with sample code how to invoke a user's default browser to open a specific URL.
Internet & Web Technical Q&As 1999-10-11
Leopard Technology Series for Developers: OS Foundations (HTML)
Leopard Overview article on system-level updates.
Bonjour Articles 2007-09-04
ListMania (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates a variety of techniques for using Open Transport's list utility routines.
Carbon, Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2003-01-14
Living in a Dynamic TCP/IP Environment (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN1145: Describes some of the intricacies of dealing with TCP/IP in a dynamic environment, such as Open Transport.
Internet & Web Technical Notes 2002-08-27
LocalServer (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Sample demonstrates how a Classic process can communicate with a Mac OS X process using IP networking protocols.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-01-30
LSMSmartCategorizer (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates the Latent Semantic Mapping (LSM) framework by automatically categorize RSS feeds.
Internet & Web Sample Code 2007-05-09
Mac OS X Security Configuration Guide (PDF)
Describes how to configure Mac OS X to enhance security.
Security Guides 2008-06-09
Mac OS X Server Administrator Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Document that describes a variety of server administrator advanced operations.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2007-05-23
Mac OS X Server Command-Line Administration (PDF)
Explains how to use commands and configuration files to perform server administration tasks in a UNIX command shell.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2007-12-11
Mac OS X Server High Availability Administration (PDF)
Explains how to manage IP failover, link aggregation, and load balancing to ensure high availability of services.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2005-04-29
Mac OS X Server Network Services Administration (PDF)
Explains how to set up, configure, and administer DHCP, DNS, VPN, NTP, IP firewall, and NAT services on the server.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2008-06-09
Mac OS X Server Podcast Producer Administration (PDF)
Explains how to set up and manage Podcast Producer service to record, process, and distribute podcasts.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2007-10-31
Mac OS X Server Podcast Producer Workflow Tutorial (PDF)
Explains how to develop and customize Podcast Producer workflows.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2008-06-09
Mac OS X Server Security Configuration Guide (PDF)
Describes how to configure Mac OS X Server to enhance server and service security.
Mac OS X Server, Security Guides 2008-06-09
Mac OS X Server System Image and Software Update Administration (PDF)
Explains how to use network-resident startup disks and how to set up a software update server.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2007-10-31
Mac OS X Server Xgrid Administration and High Performance Computing (PDF)
Explains how to set up and manage computational clusters of Xserve systems and Mac computers.
Mac OS X Server Guides 2007-10-31
Mixing link-local IP addresses and routable IP addresses (HTML)
QA1357: Explains how to enable communication between devices with link-local addresses and devices with routable addresses.
Bonjour, Darwin, Hardware & Drivers, Printing Technical Q&As 2005-07-06
MoreIsBetter (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Library providing indispensable wrapers and workarounds for many areas of Mac OS programming.
Carbon, Darwin, Security Sample Code 2003-10-27
MoreSCF (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
High-level wrapper around System Configuration framework, making common operations easy.
Darwin Sample Code 2007-06-07
NameAndAddress (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
A single window utility that gets a host name from an IP address or an IP address from a hostname.
Cocoa Sample Code 2003-01-14
Network Device Driver Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Background and task information about developing network drivers for Mac OS X.
Hardware & Drivers Guides 2008-03-11
Network Kernel Extensions (legacy) (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to write a kernel extension for adding or modifying functionality of a networking stack (Mac OS X 10.3 and earlier).
Darwin, Hardware & Drivers Guides 2006-10-03
Network Kernel Extensions Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to write a kernel extension for adding or modifying functionality of a networking stack (Mac OS X 10.4 and later).
Darwin, Hardware & Drivers Guides 2009-03-02
Network Services Location Manager (Legacy) (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Explains how to have a Carbon application discover available network services.
Carbon Guides 2006-05-23
NewsReader (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates use of the Publication Subscription framework to create a simple RSS reader application.
Cocoa, Internet & Web Sample Code 2007-06-01
NoCopyReceives (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates using no-copy receives under Open Transport.
Carbon, Hardware & Drivers, Internet & Web Sample Code 2003-01-14
NSCachedURLResponse Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a cached response to a URL load request.
Cocoa Reference 2008-05-02
NSHost Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a representation of a network host.
Cocoa Reference 2007-03-24
NSHTTPCookie Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an opaque set of data that represents state or configuration.
Cocoa Reference 2008-11-13
NSHTTPCookieStorage Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a collection of cookies shared across all applications.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSHTTPURLResponse Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a response to an HTTP request.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSInputStream Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a read-only data stream.
Cocoa Reference 2007-04-05
NSL and how it relates to Bonjour (HTML)
QA1299: Explains the relationship between NSL and Bonjour.
Bonjour Technical Q&As 2003-09-18
NSLMiniBrowser (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Uses the NSL API to find network services using SLP, NBP, and Directory Services.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-01-14
NSMessagePort Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an endpoint for distributed object connections or interprocess messaging.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSMessagePortNameServer Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a facility that accepts and returns message ports.
Cocoa Reference 2007-02-23
NSMutableURLRequest Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mutable request for a resource identified by a URL.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSNetService Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a network service that an application publishes or uses as a client.
Cocoa Reference 2009-04-08
NSNetServiceBrowser Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a query for published network services.
Cocoa Reference 2009-04-08
NSNetServices and CFNetServices Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to implement Bonjour in Cocoa or Carbon applications.
Bonjour, Cocoa Guides 2008-10-15
NSOutputStream Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a write-only data stream.
Cocoa Reference 2009-01-06
NSSocketPort Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a BSD socket for distributed object connections or raw messaging.
Cocoa Reference 2008-10-15
NSSocketPortNameServer Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a registrar of named TCP/IP sockets.
Cocoa Reference 2007-02-26
NSStream Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an interface for reading and writing data.
Cocoa Reference 2008-10-15
NSURL Additions Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes additions to support pasteboards.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURL Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a string that uniquely identifies a resource.
Cocoa Reference 2009-02-04
NSURLAuthenticationChallenge Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a challenge from a server requiring authentication from the client.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLAuthenticationChallengeSender Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for receiving authentication challenges.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLCache Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a collection of cached responses and data.
Cocoa Reference 2008-03-11
NSURLClient Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the deprecated class replaced by the classes NSURLConnection and NSURLDownload.
Cocoa Reference 2006-08-01
NSURLConnection Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class that provides support for retrieving data from a server in response to a URL load request.
Cocoa Reference 2007-04-01
NSURLCredential Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a credential used to authenticate a URL load request.
Cocoa Reference 2006-06-28
NSURLCredentialStorage Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mapping of credentials to their corresponding protection spaces.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLDownload Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a connection used to download data to a file.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLHandle Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a deprecated technology replaced by the NSURLDownload class.
Cocoa Reference 2009-02-04
NSURLHandleClient Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a deprecated technology replaced by the NSURLDownload class.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLProtectionSpace Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an area on a server that requires authentication of URL load requests.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLProtocol Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for protocol-specific loading of URL data.
Cocoa Reference 2007-04-01
NSURLProtocolClient Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface used by protocol objects to communicate with the URL loading system.
Cocoa Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLRequest Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a request for a resource identified by a URL.
Cocoa Reference 2007-04-01
NSURLResponse Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the metadata returned by a server for a load request.
Cocoa Reference 2007-12-11
Numerous Small Packet Exchanges Resultin Poor TCP Performance (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW26: Explains why numerous small package exchanges result in poor TCP performance.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1998-05-25
Open Directory Plug-in Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to implement dynamically loaded libraries that respond to Open Directory client requests in Carbon.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server Guides 2006-05-23
Open Directory Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to implement centralized storage and retrieval of information in Carbon.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server Guides 2007-01-08
Open Directory Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Carbon API for using Open Directory.
Darwin, Mac OS X Server Reference 2006-05-23
Open Transport Error -3208: kEBADFErr (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW21: Explains why a call to OTSnd may result in a kEBADFErr -3208.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1996-03-04
Open Transport Libraries (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW18: Lists the Open Transport libraries and what to link with for PowerPC and 68K.
Carbon Technical Q&As 2000-11-03
Open Transport Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Carbon compatibility library for accessing TCP/IP networks at the transport level.
Carbon Reference 2005-07-07
Open Transport STREAMS FAQ (HTML)
Deprecated - TN1117: Decribes writing STREAMS modules and drivers for use with Open Transport.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Notes 1997-12-01
Optimizing an Xserve for Web Hosting (HTML)
Learn how to configure and optimize an Xserve to ensure fast, robust web hosting.
Internet & Web, Mac OS X Server Articles 2003-08-06
OS Services Framework Release Notes (HTML)
Carbon Release Notes 2007-10-31
OT Virtual Server (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Sample code which uses Open Transport and demonstrates real world issues.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-01-14
OTEndpointInfo (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Demonstrates how to query an endpoint for its 'vital statistic' using OTGetEndpointInfo.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-08-20
OTLookupNameTest (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Demonstrates how to lookup NBP entities on an AppleTalk network using Open Transport.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-01-14
OTMP (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - A library for calling Open Transport synchronously from preemptively scheduled tasks (MP tasks).
Carbon Sample Code 2003-07-22
OTPingSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Demonstrates how to implement ping on top of the Open Transport API.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-07-22
OTScheduleDeferredTask When Task Running (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW52: Describes what happens when you use OTScheduleDefferedTask to schedule a task that is running.
Carbon, Cocoa, Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1997-10-13
OTScheduleSystemTask Cleanup (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - NW37: States the proper way to clean up any pending system tasks scheduled with OTScheduleSystemTask.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1996-07-03
The "packages" node in the device tree (HTML)
HW90: Describes the "packages" node in the Open Firmware device tree.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2006-02-22
PictureSharing (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use NSNetServices to advertise a service using Bonjour.
Bonjour Sample Code 2005-02-08
PictureSharingBrowser (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use NSNetServices to take advantage of Bonjour service discovery and name resolution.
Bonjour Sample Code 2005-02-08
PortMapper (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates Bonjour's NAT port-mapping API, and provides a higher-level Objective-C interface to it.
Bonjour Sample Code 2008-07-25
Power Management; Policy Maker vs. Power Controller (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1121: Describes the differences between a Power Management Policy Maker and a Power Management Power Controller.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2002-02-13
PPPoE Server for Testing (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1252: Describes how to configure Mac OS X as a PPPoE server for testing purposes.
Carbon, Cocoa Technical Q&As 2003-04-11
Problems getting Bonjour TXT record information (HTML)
QA1389: Explains why you might have problems retrieving TXT record information from a CFNetServiceRef or NSNetService.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation Technical Q&As 2005-07-06
PSetSelfSend in Classic AppleTalk vs. Open Transport AppleTalk (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW23: Describes the relationship between PSetSelfSend in Classic AppleTalk and Open Transport AppleTalk.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1996-05-14
Publication Subscription Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the Cocoa framework for publishing and subscribing to RSS and Atom feeds.
Internet & Web Reference 2008-04-08
QISA (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates the basics of writing an Internet setup assistant for traditional Mac OS and Mac OS X.
Carbon, Darwin Sample Code 2003-05-15
Raw IP and Open Transport 2.5.x (HTML)
Deprecated - NW63: Discusses Open Transport 2.5's change to the behavior of raw IP endpoints with IP_HDRINCL set.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1999-10-25
Receiving UDP Broadcasts (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - NW53: Explains why UDP endpoints may never receive UDP broadcast messages.
Carbon Technical Q&As 1997-11-17
Registering a Bonjour service multiple times (HTML)
QA1311: Explains why registering the same Bonjour service twice on the same machine doesn't cause a name conflict.
Bonjour Technical Q&As 2003-10-23
Resolves may return an IPv6 address in Panther (HTML)
QA1298: Explains why you get an IP address of 0.0.0.0 when resolving a Bonjour service.
Bonjour, Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation Technical Q&As 2005-01-10
Retain Counts of io_object_t Objects in IOKit.framework (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1195: Distinguishes between the retain counts of an I/O Kit kernel object and its io_object_t user space proxy.
Printing Technical Q&As 2008-09-24