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Leopard Reference Library
Carbon is a set of C APIs offering developers an advanced user interface tool kit, event handling, the Quartz 2D graphics library, and multiprocessing support. Developers have access to other C and C++ APIs, including the OpenGL drawing system and the Mach microkernel.

A guided introduction and learning path for developers new to Carbon.   Essential information for developers using procedural C.   C API references organized by framework.
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Software Delivery Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to distribute and install Mac OS X software using PackageMaker and Installer.
Tools, User Experience Guides 2006-07-24
Code Size Performance Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Guidelines for reducing the size of an application binary.
Performance Guides 2006-06-28
Memory Usage Performance Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Guidelines for improving the performance of memory-related code.
Performance Guides 2006-06-28
Quartz Display Services Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Shows how to configure and control display hardware using Quartz Display Services.
Graphics & Imaging Guides 2006-06-28
Network Services Location Manager (Legacy) (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Explains how to have a Carbon application discover available network services.
Networking Guides 2006-05-23
Address Book Programming Guide for Mac OS X (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to add, search, remove, and customize Address Book records.
Apple Applications Guides 2006-04-04
Drawing Performance Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Guidelines for improving the speed of drawing code.
Performance Guides 2006-04-04
Launch Time Performance Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Guidelines for improving the launch performance of an application.
Performance Guides 2006-04-04
Spotlight Query Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to add Spotlight searching to your applications.
File Management Guides 2006-03-08
Mac OS X Printing System Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces Apple's printing architecture. Includes a road map for developing software.
Printing Guides 2006-02-07
Property List Programming Topics for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use structured, textual representations of data in Core Foundation.
Core Foundation, Data Management Guides 2006-02-07
Binary Data Programming Guide for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create and use Core Foundation data objects, object-oriented wrappers for byte buffers.
Core Foundation, Data Management Guides 2006-01-10
QuickTime Movie Basics (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces some of the basic concepts you need to understand when working with QuickTime movies.
QuickTime Guides 2006-01-10
QuickTime Music Architecture Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to enable synthesizing and playing of sounds and musical sequences.
Audio Guides 2006-01-10
Search Kit Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes Search Kit architecture and workflow, and how to add search capabilities to Carbon and Cocoa applications.
Data Management, Text & Fonts, User Experience Guides 2005-12-06
Bundle Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Foundation bundle objects to organize resources.
Core Foundation, Resource Management Guides 2005-11-09
Carbon Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Defines Carbon and the components of Carbon applications. Provides a whirlwind tour of Carbon APIs.
General Guides 2005-11-09
AltiVec/SSE Migration Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to convert PowerPC AltiVec code to Intel SSE code.
Intel-Based Macs Guides 2005-09-08
Core Foundation Design Concepts (HTML) (PDF)
Explains the fundamental design concepts that underlie all Core Foundation programming interfaces.
Core Foundation Guides 2005-08-11
Dates and Times Programming Guide for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to manage Core Foundation dates and times.
Core Foundation, Data Management, Internationalization Guides 2005-08-11
HIArchive Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to store data objects using HIArchive. Also includes information to make custom HIObjects archivable.
Human Interface Toolbox, Interapplication Communication, User Experience Guides 2005-08-11
QuickTime Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces the main concepts and services of QuickTime.
QuickTime Guides 2005-08-11
Carbon Event Manager Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Essential information for implementing Carbon events.
Events & Other Input Guides 2005-07-07
Code Speed Performance Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Guidelines for improving the performance and efficiency of code.
Performance Guides 2005-07-07
Color Management Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces basic concepts and defines color spaces.
Graphics & Imaging Guides 2005-07-07
Creating Printing Presets for iPhoto (HTML) (PDF)
Rules for creating and installing printer-specific collections of settings. Includes a sample file.
Apple Applications, Printing Guides 2005-07-07
File-System Performance Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Guidelines for improving the performance of file-related code.
Performance Guides 2005-07-07
Handling Carbon Windows and Controls (HTML) (PDF)
A guidebook for implementing windows and controls in Carbon applications.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Guides 2005-07-07
HIToolbar Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create toolbars in Carbon applications.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Guides 2005-07-07
Pasteboard Manager Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to create and manage pasteboards in Carbon applications.
Interapplication Communication Guides 2005-07-07
Programming With the Text Encoding Conversion Manager (HTML) (PDF)
Explains character encodings, Unicode conversion, and custom converter plug-ins. Lists encoding variants.
Internationalization, Text & Fonts Guides 2005-07-07
Supporting Unicode Input (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces international text in Mac OS X and lists the tasks an application needs to perform.
Events & Other Input, Internationalization, Text & Fonts Guides 2005-07-07
Using PostScript Printer Description Files (HTML) (PDF)
Information for printer vendors. Includes installing files, PPD/PDE binding, and grouping features.
Printing Guides 2005-07-07
Plug-ins (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the plug-in architecture provided by Core Foundation.
Core Foundation, Process Management, Runtime Architecture Guides 2005-03-03
XML-RPC and SOAP Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to make remote procedure calls from applications or from AppleScript scripts.
Interapplication Communication, Internet & Web, Scripting & Automation Guides 2005-03-03
Supporting Printing in Your Carbon Application (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to support printing in Carbon applications. Includes creating PDFs and porting from Mac OS 9.
Graphics & Imaging, Printing Guides 2004-08-31
Upgrading to the Mac OS X HIToolbox (HTML) (PDF)
A porting guide for Carbon developers seeking to adopt Mac OS X HIToolbox features such as nib-based windows and HIViews.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Guides 2004-06-28
Creating Carbon Menus (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to create menus in Carbon applications.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Guides 2004-02-23
Unarchiving Interface Objects With Interface Builder Services (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to reconstitute user interface elements in Carbon applications.
User Experience Guides 2004-02-17
Navigation Services for Carbon: An Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces changes to the Navigation Services API for CarbonLib and Carbon in Mac OS X.
File Management, User Experience Guides 2003-12-10
Setting Up Your Carbon Application to Use the Services Menu (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to make a Carbon application share functionality with other applications.
Interapplication Communication, User Experience Guides 2003-12-10
OpenGL Extensions Guide (HTML)
Information about OpenGL functionality supported in Mac OS X.
Graphics & Imaging Guides 2003-09-10
Collections Programming Topics for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to group objects in arrays, sets, or dictionaries in Core Foundation.
Core Foundation, Data Management Guides 2003-08-07
Using Ink Services in Your Application (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how Ink Services works and how to customize handwriting recognition.
Events & Other Input, Text & Fonts Guides 2003-07-24
Programming With the Language Analysis Manager (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how morpholgical analysis is performed by the system.
Internationalization Guides 2003-05-01
Using the Japanese Analysis Engine and Access Method (HTML) (PDF)
Describes dictionary access and the environments used by the Japanese Analysis Engine.
Internationalization Guides 2003-05-01
Obtaining and Using Icons With Icon Services (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to obtain and display icons for a Carbon application or extension.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Guides 2003-02-01
Debugging Programming Topics for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Tips and techniques for debugging Core Foundation code.
Core Foundation, Performance Guides 2003-01-17
Understanding Text Input and the Text Services Manager in Carbon (HTML) (PDF)
Discusses keyboard input, including Unicode, and explains how events are routed and handled.
Events & Other Input, Internationalization, Text & Fonts Guides 2002-12-11
QuickTime Audio (HTML)
Explains how to enable recording and playback of various audio media.
Audio Guides 2002-09-17
Standard Sound Dialog Component (HTML)
Describes the QuickTime component that lets the user make audio parameter settings.
Audio Guides 2002-09-17
Desktop Icons (HTML)
Explains how to provide custom icons for a Carbon application and its documents.
User Experience Guides 2002-08-19
Providing Help Tags in Carbon (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to add contextually sensitive help content to an application's user interface.
User Experience Guides 2002-07-01
Programming with the Appearance Manager (HTML)
Explains how to make an application's user interface look like the Mac OS user interface.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Guides 2001-11-20
Drag Manager Programmer's Guide (PDF)
Explains how to add support for drag and drop to a Carbon application.
Interapplication Communication Guides 1995-12-11
CFAttributedString Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an immutable character string and its associated attributes.
Data Management, Text & Fonts Reference 2009-05-06
CFMutableAttributedString Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mutable character string and associated set of attributes.
Data Management, Text & Fonts Reference 2009-05-06
Search Kit Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for supporting user searches of textual content.
Data Management, Text & Fonts, User Experience Reference 2009-05-06
Speech Synthesis Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for converting text into synthesized speech.
Accessibility, User Experience Reference 2009-04-08
Mac OS X ABI Mach-O File Format Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the data structures that make up the Mach-O file format.
Runtime Architecture Reference 2009-02-04
Quartz Window Services Reference (HTML)
Describes the interface for capturing the contents of a window.
Graphics & Imaging Reference 2009-01-15
vDSP Single-Vector Operations Reference (HTML) (PDF)
This document describes the C API for performing common routines on a single vector in vDSP.
Performance Reference 2009-01-07
vDSP Correlation, Convolution, and Filtering Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an interface for performing correlation, convolution, and filtering operations on real or complex signals.
Performance Reference 2009-01-06
vDSP Matrix Operations Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an interface for matrix arithmetic operations.
Performance Reference 2009-01-06
vDSP One-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transforms Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an interface for performing one-dimensional fast Fourier transforms on an input signal.
Performance Reference 2009-01-06
vDSP Vector-To-Scalar Operations Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes functions that receive a vector as input and compute scalars as output.
Performance Reference 2009-01-06
vDSP Vector-to-Vector Arithmetic Operations Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes functions that receive a vector as input and return a vector as output.
Performance Reference 2009-01-06
Web Services Core Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the client-side APIs for accessing web services.
Internet & Web Reference 2009-01-06
Certificate, Key, and Trust Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes services to read and evaluate certificates and to use cryptographic keys.
Security Reference 2008-11-19
Keychain Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Keychain Services API, used to create, find, modify, and delete keychain items.
Security Reference 2008-11-19
Quartz Display Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for configuring and controlling display hardware.
Graphics & Imaging Reference 2008-11-19
vDSP Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transforms Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Improved function discussions and corrections.
Performance Reference 2008-11-19
CTFontDescriptor Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a dictionary that fully specifies a font.
Text & Fonts Reference 2008-10-15
WebKit C Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for displaying web content in windows.
Internet & Web, User Experience Reference 2008-10-15
CFNetwork Reference Collection (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C APIs for performing a variety network tasks.
Networking Reference 2008-07-15
Audio File Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a C programming interface for reading and writing audio files.
Audio, File Management Reference 2008-07-08
Audio Queue Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a high-level programming interface for recording and playing back audio data.
Audio Reference 2008-07-08
Core Image Kernel Language Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the symbols for writing image-processing kernels.
Graphics & Imaging Reference 2008-06-09
CPlusTest Reference (HTML)
Describes the CPlusTest framework, which provides an API for creating unit tests for C and C++ code.
Tools Reference 2008-04-08
Data Browser Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API used to display data in list or column views similar to the Finder.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Reference 2008-04-08
Disc Recording Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the Objective-C and C API for burning audio and data CDs and DVDs.
Audio, File Management Reference 2008-04-08
Disc Recording UI Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the Objective-C and C API for presenting a user interface when burning audio and data CDs and DVDs.
Audio, File Management, User Experience Reference 2008-04-08
JavaScriptCore Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the API for evaluating JavaScript programs from within a C-based program
Internet & Web Reference 2008-04-08
Security Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for protecting information.
Security Reference 2008-03-12
Multiprocessing Services Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for creating preemptively scheduled tasks in Carbon applications.
Performance, Process Management Reference 2008-02-08
GNU C 4.2 Preprocessor User Guide (HTML)
Describes the Apple version of the GNU C 4.2 Preprocessor.
Tools Reference 2008-01-23
GNU C/C++/Objective-C 4.2.1 Compiler User Guide (HTML)
Describes the Apple version of the GNU 4.2.1 compiler.
Tools Reference 2008-01-23
Apple Type Services for Fonts Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for ATS-based font access and management.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-12-11
Dictionary Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes a deprecated technology replaced by Dictionary Services.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-12-11
Font Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for QuickDraw-based font access and management.
Graphics & Imaging, Text & Fonts Reference 2007-12-11
List Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the legacy C API for managing and displaying elements in a scrollable list. Replaced by the Data Browser.
Human Interface Toolbox, User Experience Reference 2007-12-11
PDEPanel Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the informal protocol used to implement custom panes in a printing dialog.
Printing Reference 2007-12-11
PDEPlugIn Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the informal protocol used to add custom panes to a printing dialog.
Printing Reference 2007-12-11
PDEPlugInCallbackProtocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the informal protocol used to access information about the current print job.
Printing Reference 2007-12-11
Scrap Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the legacy C API used to copy items to and from the Clipboard. Replaced by the Pasteboard Manager.
Interapplication Communication Reference 2007-12-11
Script Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes a deprecated technology replaced by Unicode facilities.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-12-11
Core Text Reference Collection (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an API providing text and font services.
Text & Fonts Reference 2007-12-04
Display Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the C API for dynamically changing the arrangement and display modes of attached monitors. Replaced by Quartz Display Services.
Graphics & Imaging, User Experience Reference 2007-12-04
Process Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for process management in Carbon applications.
Process Management Reference 2007-12-04
AGL Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Apple graphics library for Carbon applications that use OpenGL.
Graphics & Imaging Reference 2007-10-31