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Leopard Reference Library
Mac OS X includes a number of open source technologies. These include a number of command-line tools, various servers such as Apache, the X11 graphical environment, several widget toolkits like wxWidgets and Tcl/Tk, and a number of programming languages like Perl and PHP. Developers can leverage these technologies to improve their user experience, reduce development time, and develop and deploy powerful web-based, command-line, and graphical applications.

A guided introduction and learning path for developers new to open source.   Essential information about open source technologies.   API references organized by framework.
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64-Bit Transition Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the 64-bit features available in Mac OS X.
High Performance Computing, Porting Guides 2008-04-08
Accessing SQL Data in Apple Remote Desktop 2 (HTML)
Learn how to access the PostgreSQL database to help create custom applications.
Databases Articles 2005-02-21
Advertising a Bonjour service on a specific set of networking interfaces. (HTML)
QA1513: Explains how to register a Bonjour service only on a specific set of networking interfaces.
Networking Technical Q&As 2007-02-12
Authorization Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to add fine-grained control of privileged operations in an application.
Security Guides 2009-01-06
Bonjour Printer Subtype for HTTP (HTML)
QA1555: Describes how printer vendors can register their bonjour service such that Safari can see them.
Printing Technical Q&As 2008-03-25
Building an Open Source Universal Binary (HTML)
Learn to build a universal binary through this sample build that uses OpenSSL.
Porting Articles 2006-04-24
Building Universal Binaries from "configure"-based Open Source Projects (HTML)
TN2137: Describes some methods for building some existing "configure"-based Open Source packages as universal binaries.
Porting, Tools Technical Notes 2006-10-05
Bundle Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Foundation bundle objects to organize resources.
Porting Guides 2005-11-09
CCL Modem Scripting Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Networking Guides 2007-06-28
CCL Modem Scripting Release Notes (HTML)
Explains changes to modem CCLs for Mac OS X v10.5 and what to do to change existing and supersede older scripts.
Networking Release Notes 2007-10-31
CFNetwork Framework Release Notes (HTML)
Networking Release Notes 2007-10-31
CFNetwork Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Foundation networking functions to work with low-level BSD sockets.
Networking, Security Guides 2009-05-06
Code Signing Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how you can sign your code and why you should.
Security Guides 2008-11-19
Code Signing Release Notes (HTML)
Security Release Notes 2007-10-31
Collections Programming Topics for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to group objects in arrays, sets, or dictionaries in Core Foundation.
Porting Guides 2003-08-07
Compiling X11 / OpenGL applications on Mac OS X v.10.5 Leopard (HTML)
QA1567: Trying to compile X11 / OpenGL application on Mac OS X v.10.5 result on "ld: cycle in dylib re-exports with /usr/X11R6/lib/libGL.dylib""
Porting Technical Q&As 2007-10-30
Configuring and Running X11 Applications on Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn to set up and use X11 applications on your Mac OS X system.
Networking Articles 2005-01-17
Core Foundation Design Concepts (HTML) (PDF)
Explains the fundamental design concepts that underlie all Core Foundation programming interfaces.
Networking, Tools Guides 2005-08-11
Core Foundation Reference Update (HTML) (PDF)
Summarizes the symbols added to the Core Foundation framework.
Porting Release Notes 2007-07-18
Creating Cross-Platform Applications with Core Foundation and Open Source (HTML)
Learn how to import and export data types across a range of platforms using CF-Lite.
Porting Articles 2005-04-11
Cross-Development Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to build software for versions of Mac OS X other than the one the development tools are running on.
Tools Guides 2006-11-07
Darwin Notification API Reference (HTML)
Describes the Darwin API for interprocess notification.
Networking Reference 2008-04-08
Data Formatting Guide for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Foundation formatters to create and validate text in text fields and other cells.
Porting Guides 2006-12-21
Dates and Times Programming Guide for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to manage Core Foundation dates and times.
Porting Guides 2005-08-11
Debugging Programming Topics for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Tips and techniques for debugging Core Foundation code.
Porting, Tools Guides 2003-01-17
Developer Tools JBoss and Tomcat Do Not Start After Installing Java 1.4.2 Update (HTML)
QA1025: Describes how to re-enable JBoss and Tomcat after installing the Java 1.4.2 update.
Internet & Web, Mac OS X Server Technical Q&As 2004-03-04
Directory Service Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the Directory Service Framework.
Networking Reference 2008-04-08
DNS Service Discovery C Reference (HTML)
Describes the DNS Service Discovery API for implementing Bonjour in an application.
Networking Reference 2008-04-23
DNS Service Discovery Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use DNS Service Discovery in your application.
Networking Guides 2005-11-09
Dynamic Library Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to design, implement, and use dynamic libraries.
Porting, Tools Guides 2009-02-26
Enabling X11 Forwarding (HTML)
QA1383: Describes how to enable ssh clients to receive X11 communication from a Mac OS X system.
Internet & Web, Security, System Administration, Tools Technical Q&As 2004-10-25
File System Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Conceptual information and guidelines describing the structure and usage of the Mac OS X file system.
Porting, System Administration Guides 2008-07-11
GNU C 4.0 Preprocessor User Guide (HTML)
Describes the Apple version of the GNU C 4.0 Preprocessor.
Tools Reference 2007-10-31
GNU C 4.2 Preprocessor User Guide (HTML)
Describes the Apple version of the GNU C 4.2 Preprocessor.
Tools Reference 2008-01-23
GNU C/C++/Objective-C 3.3 Compiler (HTML)
Explains how to use the GNU compilers from the command line.
Tools Reference
GNU C/C++/Objective-C 4.0.1 Compiler User Guide (HTML)
Describes the Apple version of the GNU 4.0.1 compiler.
Tools Reference 2007-10-31
GNU C/C++/Objective-C 4.2.1 Compiler User Guide (HTML)
Describes the Apple version of the GNU 4.2.1 compiler.
Tools Reference 2008-01-23
HeaderDoc User Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to extract API reference documentation from commented header files.
Tools Guides 2008-04-08
How can I get both Subversion (SVN) and CVS on Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard)? (HTML)
QA1492: Explains where to find Subversion and CVS for installation.
Tools Technical Q&As 2007-11-15
Installing the W3C HTML Validator on Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn to create your own validator to test web pages within your firewall.
Internet & Web, Tools Articles 2005-08-09
Introduction to MPI Distributed Programming on Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn how to create tightly coupled, distributed algorithms to run on multiple computers using MPI.
High Performance Computing Articles 2005-02-14
Introduction to Open Source Scripting on Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn your scripting options for automating a wide range of tasks quickly.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2005-08-01
Is dlopen available on all versions of Mac OS X? (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1180: Describes how to dynamically link to libraries and plug-ins, typically done with dlopen.
Tools Technical Q&As 2008-08-19
Mac OS X ABI Dynamic Loader Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the functions used to access Mach-O files.
Tools Reference 2005-11-09
Mac OS X ABI Mach-O File Format Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the data structures that make up the Mach-O file format.
Tools Reference 2009-02-04
Mac OS X Man Pages (HTML)
HTML versions of the Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server, Xcode Tools, and CHUD man pages.
Databases, High Performance Computing, Internet & Web, Mac OS X Server, Networking, Porting, Printing, Scripting & Automation, Security, System Administration, Tools Reference 2008-04-29
Mac OS X Server Administrator Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Document that describes a variety of server administrator advanced operations.
Mac OS X Server, Networking, System Administration Guides 2007-05-23
Mac OS X Server Security Configuration Guide (PDF)
Describes how to configure Mac OS X Server to enhance server and service security.
Security, System Administration Guides 2008-06-09
MP3 Player (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to wrap a command-line UNIX/Linux application in a Cocoa GUI, calling a the command-line app through NSTask.
Porting, Tools Sample Code 2003-01-14
Multiple User Environments (HTML) (PDF)
Explains the system's user environment and gives guidance on writing programs for that environment.
Porting Guides 2005-07-07
MultiprecisionFP (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
How to utilize the gmp and arprec multiprecision floating point packages on Mac OS X
High Performance Computing, Porting Sample Code 2007-03-26
MySQL on Mac OS X: An Ideal Development Combination (HTML)
Learn why MySQL running on Mac OS X is such a natural combination.
Databases Articles 2006-05-01
Netwide Assembler Guide (HTML)
Describes the Netwide Assembler for Intel-based Macs.
Tools Reference 2008-06-19
Obtaining 16 Bits-Per-Color Data with CUPS Raster Printing (HTML)
TN2149: Obtaining 16 Bits-Per-Color Data with CUPS Raster Printing
Printing Technical Notes 2005-08-24
Open Directory Plug-in Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to implement dynamically loaded libraries that respond to Open Directory client requests in Carbon.
Networking Guides 2006-05-23
Open Directory Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to implement centralized storage and retrieval of information in Carbon.
Networking Guides 2007-01-08
Open Directory Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Carbon API for using Open Directory.
Networking Reference 2006-05-23
Performance Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces the factors that determine performance.
High Performance Computing Guides 2006-10-03
Perl, Python, and Ruby Extensions Release Notes (HTML)
Describes how to create universal binary extensions for Perl, Python, and Ruby.
Porting, Scripting & Automation Release Notes 2007-10-31
PIDFromBSDProcessName (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Provides a simple API to do process PID lookup based on BSD process name.
Tools Sample Code 2003-02-13
Plug-ins (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the plug-in architecture provided by Core Foundation.
Porting Guides 2005-03-03
Porting Drivers to Mac OS X (HTML) (PDF)
Tips and code samples to help UNIX/Linux device driver developers bring their drivers to Mac OS X.
Porting Guides 2009-05-06
Porting UNIX/Linux Applications to Mac OS X (HTML) (PDF)
Conceptual information and tips about porting UNIX and Linux applications to Mac OS X.
Porting, Tools Guides 2008-04-08
Runtime Configuration Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Conceptual and reference information for dynamically configuring your software.
Porting Guides 2008-07-08
Safari CSS Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) properties that are supported by Safari and WebKit.
Internet & Web Reference 2008-11-19
Safari FAQ (HTML)
Learn how the Safari browser handles such things as user information, cookies, caching, and JavaScript.
Internet & Web Articles 2003-10-06
Safari HTML Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) tags and properties that are supported by Safari and WebKit.
Internet & Web Reference 2008-11-12
Security Overview (HTML) (PDF)
An introduction to computer security concepts and the security APIs in Mac OS X and iPhone OS.
Security Guides 2008-10-15
Shell Scripting Primer (HTML) (PDF)
A guided tour of (Bourne) shell scripting, including control structures, numerical computation, regular expressions, subroutines, and error handling.
Scripting & Automation Guides 2009-04-08
Static linking of user binaries on Mac OS X (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1118: Explains why static linking of user binaries is not supported on Mac OS X, and possible workarounds.
Porting, Tools Technical Q&As 2002-02-07
Strings Programming Guide for Core Foundation (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create, manipulate, and search strings in Core Foundation, and how strings interact with encodings and character sets.
Porting Guides 2008-03-11
System Startup Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains the boot process used to initialize the Mac OS X operating system.
Porting, Scripting & Automation, System Administration Guides 2008-11-19
Tiger Developer Overview Series: Developing 64-bit Applications (HTML)
Learn how Mac OS X Tiger breaks the limitations of 32-bit computing.
High Performance Computing Articles 2004-12-20
Universal Binary Programming Guidelines, Second Edition (HTML) (PDF)
Conceptual information and tips for writing code that runs on PowerPC-based and Intel-based Macintosh computers.
Porting, Tools Guides 2009-02-04
Using Open Source Tools to Filter Email on Mac OS X Server (HTML)
Learn how to identify, filter, and remove viruses from the Postfix mail server.
Internet & Web, Mac OS X Server, Security, System Administration, Tools Articles 2004-09-27
Using Python with Quartz 2D on Mac OS X (HTML)
New article on using the Python bindings in Mac OS X to access the Quartz 2D graphics API.
Scripting & Automation Articles 2007-07-10
Using Ruby on Rails for Web Development on Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn why Mac OS X is the preferred platform for Ruby on Rails.
Databases, Internet & Web, Scripting & Automation Articles 2007-06-06
WebKit DOM Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to use JavaScript in web content and WebKit-based applications.
Internet & Web, Scripting & Automation Guides 2008-10-15
WebKit Plug-In Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to develop and deploy browser plug-ins based on the WebKit architecture.
Internet & Web Guides 2008-10-15
Why is my Ruby on Rails application with FastCGI generating "'load error /etc/irbrc" errors? (HTML)
QA1494: Describes how to resolve an error encountered hosting Ruby on Rails applications on Mac OS X 10.5.
Internet & Web, Mac OS X Server, System Administration Technical Q&As 2007-11-28
Working with the WebKit Nightly Builds (HTML)
Learn how to track changes in the framework that may affect your web-based content or application.
Internet & Web Articles 2006-10-31
Writing Open Directory Plug-ins (HTML)
Learn how to write Open Directory plug-ins to help your application locate and manage network information.
Networking Articles 2004-09-13
X11CallCarbonAndCocoa (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates a double clickable X11 application which performs various "native" Mac OS X operations.
Internet & Web, Porting, Tools Sample Code 2003-07-28