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Leopard Reference Library
Networking capabilities in Mac OS X include support for the major protocols and services. Developers can gain access to them through sockets and Core Services, as well as through the higher-level Carbon and Cocoa APIs.

Provides a guided introduction to developing network-capable applications for Mac OS X.   Essential information for developers using Apple's networking environment.   API references organized by framework.
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Resolves may return an IPv6 address in Panther (HTML)
QA1298: Explains why you get an IP address of 0.0.0.0 when resolving a Bonjour service.
Core Foundation Technical Q&As 2005-01-10
SimpleDial (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates management of dialup connections, such as PPP, using System Configuration framework network connection API.
Core Foundation Sample Code 2005-07-26
SimpleReach (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates network host reachability testing using the System Configuration framework asynchronous network reachability API.
Core Foundation Sample Code 2005-07-26
T_DATA_REQ vs M_DATA TPI Message Blocks (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW42: Explains why OT passes data to a TPI module using M_DATA message blocks instead of M_PROTO+T_DATA_REQ.
Core Foundation Technical Q&As 1996-10-25
Updating the TXT record of a Bonjour service (HTML)
QA1302: Explains how to update a Bonjour TXT record while running on either Jaguar or Panther.
Core Foundation Technical Q&As 2004-07-14
Apple Filing Protocol Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes high-level concepts for Apple Filing Protocol commands.
Darwin Guides 2006-04-04
Apple Filing Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Apple Filing Protocol commands.
Darwin Reference 2006-05-23
Bonjour enforces the TXT record format in Panther (HTML)
QA1306: Explains how mDNSResponder enforces the proper TXT record format in Panther.
Darwin Technical Q&As 2004-07-14
Bonjour Printer Subtype for HTTP (HTML)
QA1555: Describes how printer vendors can register their bonjour service such that Safari can see them.
Darwin Technical Q&As 2008-03-25
CCL Modem Scripting Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Darwin Guides 2007-06-28
CFProxySupportTool (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to use the CFProxySupport APIs to decide whether a network connection should pass through a proxy.
Darwin Sample Code 2007-10-29
Darwin Notification API Reference (HTML)
Describes the Darwin API for interprocess notification.
Darwin Reference 2008-04-08
Descriptor Passing Problems (HTML)
QA1541: Describes how to work around common problems with descriptor passing.
Darwin Technical Q&As 2007-10-29
Discovering all advertised Bonjour service types (HTML)
QA1337: Explains how to discover all Bonjour service types being advertised on the local network.
Darwin Technical Q&As 2004-06-01
DNSServiceMetaQuery (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to discover Bonjour service types being advertised on the local network.
Darwin Sample Code 2005-06-01
GetMACAddressSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to retrieve the MAC address for each Ethernet interface from the Mac OS X I/O Registry.
Darwin Sample Code 2003-01-14
GetPrimaryMACAddress (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates retrieving the MAC address of the built-in Ethernet controller. Useful for uniquely identifying a Macintosh system.
Darwin Sample Code 2005-10-27
Getting a Packet Trace (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1176: Lists tools available for looking at the network packets on the wire.
Darwin Technical Q&As 2008-06-03
KPI Reference (HTML)
Provides information on the NKE Sustainable API in Headerdoc format.
Darwin Reference 2006-07-17
Mixing link-local IP addresses and routable IP addresses (HTML)
QA1357: Explains how to enable communication between devices with link-local addresses and devices with routable addresses.
Darwin Technical Q&As 2005-07-06
MoreIsBetter (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Library providing indispensable wrapers and workarounds for many areas of Mac OS programming.
Darwin Sample Code 2003-10-27
MoreSCF (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
High-level wrapper around System Configuration framework, making common operations easy.
Darwin Sample Code 2007-06-07
Network Kernel Extensions (legacy) (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to write a kernel extension for adding or modifying functionality of a networking stack (Mac OS X 10.3 and earlier).
Darwin Guides 2006-10-03
Network Kernel Extensions Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to write a kernel extension for adding or modifying functionality of a networking stack (Mac OS X 10.4 and later).
Darwin Guides 2009-03-02
Open Directory Plug-in Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to implement dynamically loaded libraries that respond to Open Directory client requests in Carbon.
Darwin Guides 2006-05-23
Open Directory Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to implement centralized storage and retrieval of information in Carbon.
Darwin Guides 2007-01-08
Open Directory Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Carbon API for using Open Directory.
Darwin Reference 2006-05-23
QISA (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates the basics of writing an Internet setup assistant for traditional Mac OS and Mac OS X.
Darwin Sample Code 2003-05-15
SimpleDial (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates management of dialup connections, such as PPP, using System Configuration framework network connection API.
Darwin Sample Code 2005-07-26
SimplePing (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Sample provides simple API to programatically ping a remote host without admin privileges
Darwin Sample Code 2003-10-27
SimpleReach (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates network host reachability testing using the System Configuration framework asynchronous network reachability API.
Darwin Sample Code 2005-07-26
SocketCancel (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to safely cancel threads that are blocked within BSD sockets calls.
Darwin Sample Code 2005-08-10
The state of mDNSResponder (HTML)
QA1339: Explains how to obtain information regarding the internal state of mDNSResponder.
Darwin Technical Q&As 2006-10-03
System Configuration Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the API for configuration of network resources, the reachability of target hosts, and connection to network services.
Darwin Reference 2008-04-08
System Configuration Programming Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use system configuration services for network configuration and management, including determining reachability and getting connected.
Darwin Guides 2006-02-07
System Configuration Reference Update (HTML) (PDF)
Summarizes the symbols added to the System Configuration framework.
Darwin Release Notes 2007-07-18
Updating the TXT record of a Bonjour service (HTML)
QA1302: Explains how to update a Bonjour TXT record while running on either Jaguar or Panther.
Darwin Technical Q&As 2004-07-14
Writing Open Directory Plug-ins (HTML)
Learn how to write Open Directory plug-ins to help your application locate and manage network information.
Darwin Articles 2004-09-13
CFNetwork Framework Release Notes (HTML)
General Release Notes 2007-10-31
CFNetwork Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Foundation networking functions to work with low-level BSD sockets.
General Guides 2009-05-06
CFNetwork Reference Collection (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C APIs for performing a variety network tasks.
General Reference 2008-07-15
Core Services Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for many fundamental operating system services.
General Reference 2007-10-31
Directory Service Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the Directory Service Framework.
General Reference 2008-04-08
DNS Service Discovery C Reference (HTML)
Describes the DNS Service Discovery API for implementing Bonjour in an application.
General Reference 2008-04-23
System Configuration Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the API for configuration of network resources, the reachability of target hosts, and connection to network services.
General Reference 2008-04-08
System Configuration Programming Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use system configuration services for network configuration and management, including determining reachability and getting connected.
General Guides 2006-02-07
Are the Name Registry device tree nodes unique? (HTML)
Deprecated - HW64: Discusses whether Name Registry nodes copied from the Open Firmware device tree are unique.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1999-10-11
BSDLLCTest (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Program sample demonstrates how to send and receive raw LLC Ethernet packets.
Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2003-06-12
CCL Modem Scripting Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Hardware & Drivers Guides 2007-06-28
CCL Modem Scripting Release Notes (HTML)
Explains changes to modem CCLs for Mac OS X v10.5 and what to do to change existing and supersede older scripts.
Hardware & Drivers Release Notes 2007-10-31
Changing the TCP Window Size (HTML)
NW47: Describes how to change the TCP window size in Open Transport.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1997-03-14
The "chosen" node in the device tree (HTML)
HW88: Describes how to find the "chosen" node in the Open firmware device tree.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2000-09-05
Difference between using Restart or Shut Down in the Finder's Special menu in Open Firmware (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW47: Explains the differences between using Restart or Shut Down on Open Firmware
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1999-02-15
Discovering all advertised Bonjour service types (HTML)
QA1337: Explains how to discover all Bonjour service types being advertised on the local network.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2004-06-01
enetlognke (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Interface filter based on supported Kernel Programming Interfaces for Tiger.
Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2005-08-10
Generating a Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI) (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1264: Explains how to generate a non-maskable interrupt (NMI) on modern Macintosh systems.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2008-10-13
GetHWEthernetAddr (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Shows how to obtain the hardware Ethernet address of a machine.
Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2003-01-14
GetSetOptions (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates a variety of uses of Open Transport's option management routines.
Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2003-01-14
Getting a Packet Trace (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1176: Lists tools available for looking at the network packets on the wire.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2008-06-03
Installing an I/O Kit KEXT Without Rebooting (HTML)
QA1319: Describes the state of the art of installing I/O Kit kernel extensions (KEXTs) without requiring a restart.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2003-10-28
IODeviceTree and the I/O Registry (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1120: Describes the IODeviceTree plane in the Mac OS X I/O Registry.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2008-09-18
IOKit Framework Headers (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1107: Describes the differences between the headers in IOKit.framework and the I/O Kit headers in Kernel.framework.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2002-01-15
Kernel Core Dumps (HTML)
TN2118: Explains how to gather and use remote kernel core dumps.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Notes 2008-11-12
ListMania (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates a variety of techniques for using Open Transport's list utility routines.
Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2003-01-14
Mixing link-local IP addresses and routable IP addresses (HTML)
QA1357: Explains how to enable communication between devices with link-local addresses and devices with routable addresses.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2005-07-06
Network Device Driver Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Background and task information about developing network drivers for Mac OS X.
Hardware & Drivers Guides 2008-03-11
Network Kernel Extensions (legacy) (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to write a kernel extension for adding or modifying functionality of a networking stack (Mac OS X 10.3 and earlier).
Hardware & Drivers Guides 2006-10-03
Network Kernel Extensions Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to write a kernel extension for adding or modifying functionality of a networking stack (Mac OS X 10.4 and later).
Hardware & Drivers Guides 2009-03-02
NoCopyReceives (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates using no-copy receives under Open Transport.
Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2003-01-14
Open Transport STREAMS FAQ (HTML)
Deprecated - TN1117: Decribes writing STREAMS modules and drivers for use with Open Transport.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Notes 1997-12-01
OTScheduleDeferredTask When Task Running (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW52: Describes what happens when you use OTScheduleDefferedTask to schedule a task that is running.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1997-10-13
The "packages" node in the device tree (HTML)
HW90: Describes the "packages" node in the Open Firmware device tree.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2006-02-22
Power Management; Policy Maker vs. Power Controller (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1121: Describes the differences between a Power Management Policy Maker and a Power Management Power Controller.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2002-02-13
The state of mDNSResponder (HTML)
QA1339: Explains how to obtain information regarding the internal state of mDNSResponder.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2006-10-03
T_DATA_REQ vs M_DATA TPI Message Blocks (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW42: Explains why OT passes data to a TPI module using M_DATA message blocks instead of M_PROTO+T_DATA_REQ.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1996-10-25
TCP/IP Option Sizes (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW62: Enumerates the TCP/IP options and their sizes for Open Transport.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1999-04-26
tcplognke (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates a TCP socket filter based on supported Kernel Programming Interfaces for Tiger
Hardware & Drivers Sample Code 2006-11-27
Uniquely Identifying a Macintosh Computer (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN1103: How to identify a specific Macintosh computer.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Notes 2006-04-25
What are snag keys in Open Firmware? (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW35: Explains Open Firmware snag keys, including examples of their function.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1999-02-15
When to use PCMCIA, PC Card, and CardBus (HTML)
HW77: Explains the differences between PCMCIA, PC Card, and CardBus.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1999-11-15
Availability of Quartz Composer Patches in Web Kit (HTML)
QA1505: Details which Quartz Composer patches are available in Web Kit
Internet & Web Technical Q&As 2007-03-05
The "chosen" node in the device tree (HTML)
HW88: Describes how to find the "chosen" node in the Open firmware device tree.
Internet & Web Technical Q&As 2000-09-05
Configuring and Running X11 Applications on Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn to set up and use X11 applications on your Mac OS X system.
Internet & Web Articles 2005-01-17
Creating Secure Transactions on Mac OS X Server with SSL (HTML)
Learn how to provide a layer of public-key encryption over any TCP connection.
Internet & Web Articles 2004-01-12
Getting a Packet Trace (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1176: Lists tools available for looking at the network packets on the wire.
Internet & Web Technical Q&As 2008-06-03
Internet Connect Speed (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1165: Describes how to get the modem connection speed from the System Configuration framework dynamic store.
Internet & Web Technical Q&As 2003-03-26
Launching the Default Internet Browser (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW60: Shows with sample code how to invoke a user's default browser to open a specific URL.
Internet & Web Technical Q&As 1999-10-11
Living in a Dynamic TCP/IP Environment (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN1145: Describes some of the intricacies of dealing with TCP/IP in a dynamic environment, such as Open Transport.
Internet & Web Technical Notes 2002-08-27
LSMSmartCategorizer (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates the Latent Semantic Mapping (LSM) framework by automatically categorize RSS feeds.
Internet & Web Sample Code 2007-05-09
NewsReader (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates use of the Publication Subscription framework to create a simple RSS reader application.
Internet & Web Sample Code 2007-06-01
NoCopyReceives (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates using no-copy receives under Open Transport.
Internet & Web Sample Code 2003-01-14
Optimizing an Xserve for Web Hosting (HTML)
Learn how to configure and optimize an Xserve to ensure fast, robust web hosting.
Internet & Web Articles 2003-08-06
Publication Subscription Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the Cocoa framework for publishing and subscribing to RSS and Atom feeds.
Internet & Web Reference 2008-04-08
Safari User Guide for Web Developers (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the developer tools built into Safari for analyzing, testing, and debugging HTML, JavaScript, style sheets, and DOM structure.
Internet & Web Guides 2009-01-06
Sending an Email (HTML)
QA1084: Shows how to create an email in the user's prefered email application.
Internet & Web Technical Q&As 2004-11-05
SimplePing (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Sample provides simple API to programatically ping a remote host without admin privileges
Internet & Web Sample Code 2003-10-27
T_DATA_REQ vs M_DATA TPI Message Blocks (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW42: Explains why OT passes data to a TPI module using M_DATA message blocks instead of M_PROTO+T_DATA_REQ.
Internet & Web Technical Q&As 1996-10-25
TCP/IP Option Sizes (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW62: Enumerates the TCP/IP options and their sizes for Open Transport.
Internet & Web Technical Q&As 1999-04-26
URL Access Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the legacy C API for transferring data to and from a URL from within an application. Replaced by CFNetwork.
Internet & Web Reference 2006-07-13
URL CacheInfo (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates resource caching behavior using the Cocoa URL loading system.
Internet & Web Sample Code 2008-06-05