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The Reference Library is a comprehensive collection of Apple technical resources, including Articles, Guides, Reference, Release Notes, Sample Code, Technical Notes, and Technical Q&As. Each of the links below leads to the resources for a specific topic.

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Optimizing with Shark: Big Payoff, Small Effort (HTML)
Learn to improve your application's performance by sampling a real application using Shark.
Performance, Tools Articles 2004-01-19
Creating Secure Transactions on Mac OS X Server with SSL (HTML)
Learn how to provide a layer of public-key encryption over any TCP connection.
Mac OS X Server, Networking, Security Articles 2004-01-12
Web Page Development: Best Practices (HTML)
Learn how to design, modify, and validate your website to work properly in all major browsers.
Internet & Web Articles 2003-12-15
Customer-focused Software Design: Marratech Turns a Java App into a Mac App (HTML)
Learn how Marratech used the Apple Developer Connection to help port its Java-based application.
Internet & Web, Java, Porting Articles 2003-11-10
Optimizing for the Power Mac G5 (HTML)
Learn how to optimize your code for the Power Mac G5.
Performance Articles 2003-10-24
Switching from Code Warrior to Xcode (HTML)
Learn how to import your projects from CodeWarrior.
Carbon, Porting, Tools Articles 2003-10-24
Safari FAQ (HTML)
Learn how the Safari browser handles such things as user information, cookies, caching, and JavaScript.
Apple Applications, Internet & Web, Open Source Articles 2003-10-06
Using Xserve for a Small Business LAN (HTML)
Learn how to host your business LAN on Xserve.
Mac OS X Server Articles 2003-09-30
Optimizing an Xserve for Web Hosting (HTML)
Learn how to configure and optimize an Xserve to ensure fast, robust web hosting.
Internet & Web, Mac OS X Server, Networking Articles 2003-08-06
Server-Side Java with the Struts Framework on Mac OS X (HTML)
Learn how to combine such things as Servlets, JSP, and custom Struts tag libraries using Struts.
Internet & Web, Java, Tools Articles 2003-07-17
Maximizing Mac OS X Application Performance (HTML)
Learn how to achieve better performance on Mac OS X.
Carbon, Cocoa, Graphics & Imaging, Performance, Tools Articles 2003-06-23
Core Data Overview (HTML)
Describes a roadmap for learning Core Data.
Cocoa Getting Started 2009-03-04
Binary Data Programming Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create and use Cocoa data objects, object-oriented wrappers for byte buffers.
Cocoa Guides 2009-05-06
CFNetwork Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Foundation networking functions to work with low-level BSD sockets.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Networking, Open Source, Security Guides 2009-05-06
HID Class Device Interface Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to develop applications to communicate with or control HID class devices.
Darwin, Hardware & Drivers Guides 2009-05-06
Image Unit Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to write image processing kernels and package them for distribution.
Carbon, Cocoa, Games, Graphics & Imaging Guides 2009-05-06
Key-Value Observing Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains the Cocoa key-value observing protocol.
Cocoa Guides 2009-05-06
Memory Management Programming Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to allocate and deallocate objects in Cocoa.
Cocoa Guides 2009-05-06
The Objective-C 2.0 Programming Language (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces object-oriented programming and describes the main programming language used for Cocoa development.
Cocoa, Tools Guides 2009-05-06
Porting Drivers to Mac OS X (HTML) (PDF)
Tips and code samples to help UNIX/Linux device driver developers bring their drivers to Mac OS X.
Darwin, Open Source, Porting Guides 2009-05-06
Porting to Mac OS X from Windows Win32 API (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to port your Windows Win32 applications to Mac OS X.
Porting Guides 2009-05-06
Predicate Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to specify queries in Cocoa.
Cocoa Guides 2009-05-06
Stream Programming Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the Cocoa stream classes to read data from and write data to streams.
Cocoa, Networking Guides 2009-05-06
Shell Scripting Primer (HTML) (PDF)
A guided tour of (Bourne) shell scripting, including control structures, numerical computation, regular expressions, subroutines, and error handling.
Enterprise IT, Mac OS X Server, Open Source, Scripting & Automation, Tools Guides 2009-04-08
Text System Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how the Cocoa text system works. Includes a tutorial.
Cocoa, Text & Fonts Guides 2009-04-08
Keychain Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
This document explains how to use Keychain Services to store and retrieve passwords.
Carbon, Cocoa, Security Guides 2009-03-12
Cocoa Bindings Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to rapidly develop sophisticated user interfaces using Cocoa binding technology.
Cocoa Guides 2009-03-08
Low-Level File Management Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains the low-level ways Cocoa applications can interact with files.
Cocoa Guides 2009-03-05
Audio Device Driver Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to develop kernel-resident drivers for audio devices.
Audio, Darwin, Hardware & Drivers Guides 2009-03-04
Color Programming Topics for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how applications specify colors and how users choose colors in Cocoa.
Cocoa, Graphics & Imaging Guides 2009-03-04
Core Data Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to manage objects using the Core Data framework.
Cocoa Guides 2009-03-04
Core Data Snippets (HTML) (PDF)
Snippets of code that you can use when writing a program that uses Core Data.
Cocoa Guides 2009-03-04
Core Data Utility Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
A hands-on guide to creating a command-line utility using low-level features of Core Data.
Cocoa Guides 2009-03-04
Dashcode User Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Dashcode to create Dashboard widgets.
Apple Applications, Scripting & Automation, Tools, User Experience Guides 2009-03-04
Dock Tile Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to provide an icon and contextual menu in Carbon applications.
Carbon, Cocoa, User Experience Guides 2009-03-04
Error Handling Programming Guide For Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Describes NSError objects, related Application Kit support for error handling, and how to use these features in your code.
Cocoa Guides 2009-03-04
64-Bit Transition Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to port Cocoa projects to 64-bit addressing.
Cocoa Guides 2009-03-03
Network Kernel Extensions Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to write a kernel extension for adding or modifying functionality of a networking stack (Mac OS X 10.4 and later).
Darwin, Hardware & Drivers, Networking Guides 2009-03-02
Dynamic Library Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to design, implement, and use dynamic libraries.
Darwin, Open Source, Tools Guides 2009-02-26
Archives and Serializations Programming Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to put Cocoa objects into and remove them from a representation suitable for archiving.
Cocoa Guides 2009-02-04
Cocoa Event-Handling Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces event mechanisms and the types of events in Cocoa and describes how to handle events of each type.
Cocoa Guides 2009-02-04
Collections Programming Topics for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to group objects in arrays, sets, or dictionaries in Cocoa.
Cocoa Guides 2009-02-04
Dashboard Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains Dashboard and WebKit technologies used in widgets.
Apple Applications, Cocoa, Internet & Web, Scripting & Automation, Tools, User Experience Guides 2009-02-04
Dialogs and Special Panels (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to create alert panels. Includes links to documents about other types of panels.
Cocoa, User Experience Guides 2009-02-04
Final Cut Pro XML Interchange Format (HTML) (PDF)
Describes Final Cut Pro XML Interchange Format version 4, providing access to contents of FCP projects.
Apple Applications Guides 2009-02-04
Key-Value Coding Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Conceptual information about how to access a Cocoa object's values using keys.
Cocoa Guides 2009-02-04
Mac OS X ABI Function Call Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the function-calling conventions used in the architectures supported by Mac OS X.
Carbon, Cocoa, Darwin, Tools Guides 2009-02-04
Mach-O Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains the use of the Mac OS X runtime architecture, including program types, loading and executing code, and using libraries and plug-ins.
Tools Guides 2009-02-04
NSPersistentDocument Core Data Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
Step-by-step instructions for building a simple but functionally rich application using NSPersistentDocument and Cocoa bindings.
Cocoa Guides 2009-02-04
NSPersistentDocument Core Data Tutorial for Mac OS X v10.4. (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Step-by-step instructions for building a simple but functionally rich application using NSPersistentDocument and Cocoa bindings.
Cocoa Guides 2009-02-04
Objective-C 2.0 Runtime Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Objective-C 2.0 runtime support library.
Cocoa Guides 2009-02-04
Toolbar Programming Topics for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Cocoa toolbars.
Cocoa, User Experience Guides 2009-02-04
Tree-Based XML Programming Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the NSXML classes of Cocoa to process, modify, and query XML data.
Cocoa, Internet & Web Guides 2009-02-04
Universal Binary Programming Guidelines, Second Edition (HTML) (PDF)
Conceptual information and tips for writing code that runs on PowerPC-based and Intel-based Macintosh computers.
Carbon, Cocoa, Darwin, Mac OS X, Open Source, Performance, Tools Guides 2009-02-04
WebObjects Tutorial (HTML) (PDF)
Steps for building a simple WebObjects application using Eclipse and the WOLips plug-in.
Internet & Web, Java, Mac OS X Server, Tools Guides 2009-02-04
Window Programming Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Cocoa windows and panels.
Cocoa, User Experience Guides 2009-02-04
Xcode Build System Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Provides a detailed description of the Xcode build system and shows how to customize it.
Tools Guides 2009-02-04
Xcode Design Tools for Class Modeling (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Xcode Design Tools for Class Modeling.
Carbon, Cocoa, Java, Tools Guides 2009-02-04
Document-Based Applications Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to design and implement Cocoa applications that manage multiple documents.
Cocoa Guides 2009-01-12
Authorization Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to add fine-grained control of privileged operations in an application.
Carbon, Cocoa, Darwin, Open Source, Security Guides 2009-01-06
Cocoa Drawing Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Cocoa to draw your application's user interface.
Cocoa, Graphics & Imaging Guides 2009-01-06
Documentation Set Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to integrate third-party documentation with the Xcode Documentation window.
Tools Guides 2009-01-06
Internationalization Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to support multiple languages in software.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Internationalization, Tools Guides 2009-01-06
PackageMaker User Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to use PackageMaker to create installation packages.
Tools Guides 2009-01-06
Quartz Composer WebKit Plug-in JavaScript Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the API for manipulating Quartz Composer compositions in webpages and Dashboard widgets via the Quartz Composer WebKit Plug-in.
Apple Applications, Graphics & Imaging, Internet & Web, Scripting & Automation Guides 2009-01-06
Resource Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to work with nib and bundle resources in Mac OS X applications.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation Guides 2009-01-06
Safari JavaScript Database Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the JavaScript Database, a SQLite database built into Safari that provides local storage accessible to JavaScript applications.
Apple Applications, Internet & Web Guides 2009-01-06
Safari User Guide for Web Developers (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the developer tools built into Safari for analyzing, testing, and debugging HTML, JavaScript, style sheets, and DOM structure.
Apple Applications, Internet & Web, Networking, Scripting & Automation Guides 2009-01-06
Web Services Core Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the new Web Services client-side frameworks available in Mac OS X.
Carbon, Cocoa, Internet & Web, Networking Guides 2009-01-06
What's New in Xcode (HTML) (PDF)
Provides an overview of new and improved features in the Xcode application.
Tools Guides 2009-01-06
Xcode Debugging Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Xcode debugging facilities and the recommended debugging techniques.
Performance, Tools Guides 2009-01-06
Xcode Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Xcode IDE and its major components, and provides and overview of the development process.
Carbon, Cocoa, Tools Guides 2009-01-06
Xcode Project Management Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Provides practical descriptions of the major development tasks developers perform with Xcode.
Carbon, Cocoa, Internationalization, Tools Guides 2009-01-06
Xcode Refactoring Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Shows how to improve readability of source code while retaining its functionality.
Tools Guides 2009-01-06
Xcode Source Management Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to manage source changes using source control and snapshots.
Tools Guides 2009-01-06
Xcode Workspace Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Provides an overview of the Xcode workspace, and shows how to use its components and features.
Carbon, Cocoa, Internet & Web, Tools Guides 2009-01-06
Apple JavaScript Coding Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Provides an overview of the JavaScript language, its object-oriented features, and coding best practices.
Apple Applications, Internet & Web, QuickTime, Scripting & Automation, Tools Guides 2008-11-19
Certificate, Key, and Trust Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Shows how to evaluate trust for a certificate and recover from a trust failure.
Carbon, Cocoa, Security Guides 2008-11-19
Cocoa Fundamentals Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces the basic concepts, terminology, architectures, and design patterns of the Cocoa frameworks and development environment.
Cocoa, Mac OS X Guides 2008-11-19
Code Signing Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how you can sign your code and why you should.
Carbon, Cocoa, Darwin, Hardware & Drivers, Internet & Web, Java, Mac OS X Server, Networking, Open Source, Security, Tools Guides 2008-11-19
Garbage Collection Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the garbage collection system for Cocoa.
Cocoa Guides 2008-11-19
Interface Builder User Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Conceptual information and tasks explaining how to use the Interface Builder application to design user interfaces.
Carbon, Cocoa, Tools, User Experience Guides 2008-11-19
Object-Oriented Programming with Objective-C (HTML) (PDF)
Describes object-oriented programming from the perspective of an Objective-C developer.
Cocoa Guides 2008-11-19
Property List Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use structured, textual representations of data in Cocoa.
Cocoa Guides 2008-11-19
Safari Visual Effects Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes how to add visual effects to web content that is supported by Safari on the desktop and iPhone OS.
Internet & Web Guides 2008-11-19
System Startup Programming Topics (HTML) (PDF)
Explains the boot process used to initialize the Mac OS X operating system.
Darwin, Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server, Open Source, Scripting & Automation Guides 2008-11-19
Timer Programming Topics for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use timers for scheduling automatic, repeating message invocations in Cocoa.
Cocoa Guides 2008-11-19
Core Animation Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Introduces the main components and services of Core Animation.
Cocoa, Graphics & Imaging Guides 2008-11-13
Apple Publications Style Guide (PDF)
Describes style and usage of Apple terms, including user interface terms that should be used in applications.
User Experience Guides 2008-10-16
Animation Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the animation facilities provided by Mac OS X.
Carbon, Cocoa, Games, Graphics & Imaging Guides 2008-10-15
Button Programming Topics for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Cocoa buttons.
Cocoa, User Experience Guides 2008-10-15
Control and Cell Programming Topics for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains the relationship between Cocoa control and cell objects.
Cocoa, User Experience Guides 2008-10-15
Data Formatting Programming Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Cocoa formatters to create and validate text in text fields and other cells.
Cocoa Guides 2008-10-15
Handling Unicode Text Editing With MLTE (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Apple's multilingual text engine.
Carbon, Graphics & Imaging, Internationalization, Text & Fonts Guides 2008-10-15
HTML Scripting Guide for QuickTime (HTML) (PDF)
Defines the HTML tags and parameters used to communicate with the QuickTime browser plug-in, ActiveX control, and QuickTime Player.
Internet & Web, QuickTime, Scripting & Automation Guides 2008-10-15
Identity Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how identities work and how to use them in applications.
Core Foundation, Networking, Security, User Experience Guides 2008-10-15
Instruments User Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Instruments application and explains how to use it to examine program behavior.
Tools Guides 2008-10-15
Java Development Guide for Mac OS X (HTML) (PDF)
Describes what you need to take into account when developing and deploying a Java application on Mac OS X.
Internet & Web, Java, Mac OS X Server, Porting Guides 2008-10-15
Locales Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use locales to retrieve, interpret, and display localized information in Core Foundation.
Carbon, Core Foundation, Internationalization Guides 2008-10-15
Mac OS X Server Open Directory Administration (PDF)
Explains how to manage directory and authentication services.
Mac OS X Server, Security Guides 2008-10-15