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The Reference Library is a comprehensive collection of Apple technical resources, including Articles, Guides, Reference, Release Notes, Sample Code, Technical Notes, and Technical Q&As. Each of the links below leads to the resources for a specific topic.

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NSURLAuthenticationChallengeSender Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for receiving authentication challenges.
Networking Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLCache Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a collection of cached responses and data.
Networking Reference 2008-03-11
NSURLClient Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the deprecated class replaced by the classes NSURLConnection and NSURLDownload.
Networking Reference 2006-08-01
NSURLConnection Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the class that provides support for retrieving data from a server in response to a URL load request.
Networking Reference 2007-04-01
NSURLCredential Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a credential used to authenticate a URL load request.
Networking Reference 2006-06-28
NSURLCredentialStorage Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a mapping of credentials to their corresponding protection spaces.
Networking Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLDownload Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a connection used to download data to a file.
Networking Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLHandle Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a deprecated technology replaced by the NSURLDownload class.
Networking Reference 2009-02-04
NSURLHandleClient Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a deprecated technology replaced by the NSURLDownload class.
Networking Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLProtectionSpace Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes an area on a server that requires authentication of URL load requests.
Networking Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLProtocol Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface for protocol-specific loading of URL data.
Networking Reference 2007-04-01
NSURLProtocolClient Protocol Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the interface used by protocol objects to communicate with the URL loading system.
Networking Reference 2006-05-23
NSURLRequest Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes a request for a resource identified by a URL.
Networking Reference 2007-04-01
NSURLResponse Class Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the metadata returned by a server for a load request.
Networking Reference 2007-12-11
Numerous Small Packet Exchanges Resultin Poor TCP Performance (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW26: Explains why numerous small package exchanges result in poor TCP performance.
Networking Technical Q&As 1998-05-25
Open Directory Plug-in Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to implement dynamically loaded libraries that respond to Open Directory client requests in Carbon.
Networking Guides 2006-05-23
Open Directory Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to implement centralized storage and retrieval of information in Carbon.
Networking Guides 2007-01-08
Open Directory Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Carbon API for using Open Directory.
Networking Reference 2006-05-23
Open Transport Error -3208: kEBADFErr (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW21: Explains why a call to OTSnd may result in a kEBADFErr -3208.
Networking Technical Q&As 1996-03-04
Open Transport Libraries (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW18: Lists the Open Transport libraries and what to link with for PowerPC and 68K.
Networking Technical Q&As 2000-11-03
Open Transport Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Carbon compatibility library for accessing TCP/IP networks at the transport level.
Networking Reference 2005-07-07
Open Transport STREAMS FAQ (HTML)
Deprecated - TN1117: Decribes writing STREAMS modules and drivers for use with Open Transport.
Networking Technical Notes 1997-12-01
Optimizing an Xserve for Web Hosting (HTML)
Learn how to configure and optimize an Xserve to ensure fast, robust web hosting.
Networking Articles 2003-08-06
OS Services Framework Release Notes (HTML)
Networking Release Notes 2007-10-31
OT Virtual Server (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Sample code which uses Open Transport and demonstrates real world issues.
Networking Sample Code 2003-01-14
OTEndpointInfo (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Demonstrates how to query an endpoint for its 'vital statistic' using OTGetEndpointInfo.
Networking Sample Code 2003-08-20
OTLookupNameTest (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Demonstrates how to lookup NBP entities on an AppleTalk network using Open Transport.
Networking Sample Code 2003-01-14
OTMP (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - A library for calling Open Transport synchronously from preemptively scheduled tasks (MP tasks).
Networking Sample Code 2003-07-22
OTPingSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Demonstrates how to implement ping on top of the Open Transport API.
Networking Sample Code 2003-07-22
OTScheduleDeferredTask When Task Running (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW52: Describes what happens when you use OTScheduleDefferedTask to schedule a task that is running.
Networking Technical Q&As 1997-10-13
OTScheduleSystemTask Cleanup (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - NW37: States the proper way to clean up any pending system tasks scheduled with OTScheduleSystemTask.
Networking Technical Q&As 1996-07-03
The "packages" node in the device tree (HTML)
HW90: Describes the "packages" node in the Open Firmware device tree.
Networking Technical Q&As 2006-02-22
PictureSharing (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use NSNetServices to advertise a service using Bonjour.
Networking Sample Code 2005-02-08
PictureSharingBrowser (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use NSNetServices to take advantage of Bonjour service discovery and name resolution.
Networking Sample Code 2005-02-08
PortMapper (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates Bonjour's NAT port-mapping API, and provides a higher-level Objective-C interface to it.
Networking Sample Code 2008-07-25
Power Management; Policy Maker vs. Power Controller (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1121: Describes the differences between a Power Management Policy Maker and a Power Management Power Controller.
Networking Technical Q&As 2002-02-13
PPPoE Server for Testing (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1252: Describes how to configure Mac OS X as a PPPoE server for testing purposes.
Networking Technical Q&As 2003-04-11
Problems getting Bonjour TXT record information (HTML)
QA1389: Explains why you might have problems retrieving TXT record information from a CFNetServiceRef or NSNetService.
Networking Technical Q&As 2005-07-06
PSetSelfSend in Classic AppleTalk vs. Open Transport AppleTalk (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW23: Describes the relationship between PSetSelfSend in Classic AppleTalk and Open Transport AppleTalk.
Networking Technical Q&As 1996-05-14
Publication Subscription Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the Cocoa framework for publishing and subscribing to RSS and Atom feeds.
Networking Reference 2008-04-08
QISA (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates the basics of writing an Internet setup assistant for traditional Mac OS and Mac OS X.
Networking Sample Code 2003-05-15
Raw IP and Open Transport 2.5.x (HTML)
Deprecated - NW63: Discusses Open Transport 2.5's change to the behavior of raw IP endpoints with IP_HDRINCL set.
Networking Technical Q&As 1999-10-25
Receiving UDP Broadcasts (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - NW53: Explains why UDP endpoints may never receive UDP broadcast messages.
Networking Technical Q&As 1997-11-17
Registering a Bonjour service multiple times (HTML)
QA1311: Explains why registering the same Bonjour service twice on the same machine doesn't cause a name conflict.
Networking Technical Q&As 2003-10-23
Resolves may return an IPv6 address in Panther (HTML)
QA1298: Explains why you get an IP address of 0.0.0.0 when resolving a Bonjour service.
Networking Technical Q&As 2005-01-10
Retain Counts of io_object_t Objects in IOKit.framework (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1195: Distinguishes between the retain counts of an I/O Kit kernel object and its io_object_t user space proxy.
Networking Technical Q&As 2008-09-24
Safari User Guide for Web Developers (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the developer tools built into Safari for analyzing, testing, and debugging HTML, JavaScript, style sheets, and DOM structure.
Networking Guides 2009-01-06
Secure Transport Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for creating a Secure Sockets Layer session over any transport layer.
Networking Reference 2004-08-31
Security Framework Error Codes (HTML)
QA1499: Explains how to interpret errors returned by the Security Framework with an overview of Security error handling.
Networking Technical Q&As 2006-11-16
Security Overview (HTML) (PDF)
An introduction to computer security concepts and the security APIs in Mac OS X and iPhone OS.
Networking Guides 2008-10-15
Sending an Email (HTML)
QA1084: Shows how to create an email in the user's prefered email application.
Networking Technical Q&As 2004-11-05
Server Endpoint 'qlen' Limit (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - NW38: Tells how to determine the maximum 'qlen' value which limits the number of supported handoff endpoints.
Networking Technical Q&As 1996-08-21
Setting request headers in URL Access (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - QA1073: Explains how to work around a bug in URL Access when setting request headers.
Networking Technical Q&As 2002-09-10
SimpleDial (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates management of dialup connections, such as PPP, using System Configuration framework network connection API.
Networking Sample Code 2005-07-26
SimplePing (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Sample provides simple API to programatically ping a remote host without admin privileges
Networking Sample Code 2003-10-27
SimpleReach (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates network host reachability testing using the System Configuration framework asynchronous network reachability API.
Networking Sample Code 2005-07-26
Smart Card Setup Guide (PDF)
Explains how to configure Mac OS X version 10.4 to use smart cards.
Networking Guides 2006-08-07
SocketCancel (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to safely cancel threads that are blocked within BSD sockets calls.
Networking Sample Code 2005-08-10
The state of mDNSResponder (HTML)
QA1339: Explains how to obtain information regarding the internal state of mDNSResponder.
Networking Technical Q&As 2006-10-03
Stream Programming Guide for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the Cocoa stream classes to read data from and write data to streams.
Networking Guides 2009-05-06
Synchronous TCP OTConnect Client Call Completes Before Server Responds (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - NW24: Explains why an OTConnect call will complete before the server responds.
Networking Technical Q&As 1996-05-14
System Configuration Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the API for configuration of network resources, the reachability of target hosts, and connection to network services.
Networking Reference 2008-04-08
System Configuration Programming Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use system configuration services for network configuration and management, including determining reachability and getting connected.
Networking Guides 2006-02-07
System Configuration Reference Update (HTML) (PDF)
Summarizes the symbols added to the System Configuration framework.
Networking Release Notes 2007-07-18
T_DATA_REQ vs M_DATA TPI Message Blocks (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW42: Explains why OT passes data to a TPI module using M_DATA message blocks instead of M_PROTO+T_DATA_REQ.
Networking Technical Q&As 1996-10-25
TCP Application Acquires Different Port Address After Relaunch (HTML)
Deprecated - NW28: Explains why a server application acquires a different TCP/IP port address after restarting.
Networking Technical Q&As 1996-05-14
TCP Option Sizes (HTML)
Deprecated - NW27: Tells where to get more information on TCP Option sizes and setting TCP Options.
Networking Technical Q&As 1996-05-14
TCP/IP Option Sizes (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
NW62: Enumerates the TCP/IP options and their sizes for Open Transport.
Networking Technical Q&As 1999-04-26
tcplognke (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates a TCP socket filter based on supported Kernel Programming Interfaces for Tiger
Networking Sample Code 2006-11-27
Uniquely Identifying a Macintosh Computer (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN1103: How to identify a specific Macintosh computer.
Networking Technical Notes 2006-04-25
Update: Borrowed AFP Sessions (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN1106: Shows how to borrow the session reference number of an AFP volume mounted by the Macintosh File System.
Networking Technical Notes 2000-08-14
Updating the TXT record of a Bonjour service (HTML)
QA1302: Explains how to update a Bonjour TXT record while running on either Jaguar or Panther.
Networking Technical Q&As 2004-07-14
URL Access and the Missing Progress Dialog (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - QA1140: Explains a known bug in URL Access related to progress dialogs.
Networking Technical Q&As 2002-09-23
URL Access Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the legacy C API for transferring data to and from a URL from within an application. Replaced by CFNetwork.
Networking Reference 2006-07-13
URL Access vs. CFNetwork (HTML)
QA1291: Explains when to choose URL Access or CFNetwork when downloading files from within your application.
Networking Technical Q&As 2003-10-29
URL CacheInfo (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates resource caching behavior using the Cocoa URL loading system.
Networking Sample Code 2008-06-05
URL Loading System (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to manipulate URLs and transfer URL contents.
Networking Guides 2008-05-06
Use empty string for Bonjour domains (HTML)
QA1331: Explains what to specify for the domain parameter when using Bonjour API's.
Networking Technical Q&As 2004-02-06
Use the Computer Name when registering your Bonjour service (HTML)
QA1228: Explains why you should use the Computer Name when advertising a Bonjour service.
Networking Technical Q&As 2004-03-05
Using Open Source Tools to Filter Email on Mac OS X Server (HTML)
Learn how to identify, filter, and remove viruses from the Postfix mail server.
Networking Articles 2004-09-27
Using the Web Services Core Framework and CFNetwork to Access Remote SOAP Services (HTML)
Learn how to access remote SOAP-based web services that require HTTP Basic or Digest authentication.
Networking Articles 2007-03-07
Web Services Core Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the new Web Services client-side frameworks available in Mac OS X.
Networking Guides 2009-01-06
What are snag keys in Open Firmware? (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW35: Explains Open Firmware snag keys, including examples of their function.
Networking Technical Q&As 1999-02-15
When to use PCMCIA, PC Card, and CardBus (HTML)
HW77: Explains the differences between PCMCIA, PC Card, and CardBus.
Networking Technical Q&As 1999-11-15
Writing Open Directory Plug-ins (HTML)
Learn how to write Open Directory plug-ins to help your application locate and manage network information.
Networking Articles 2004-09-13
Xsan Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes managing files and storage pools with Xsan.
Networking Guides 2006-05-23
Xsan Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Xsan API commands.
Networking Reference 2006-05-23
64-Bit Transition Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the 64-bit features available in Mac OS X.
Open Source Guides 2008-04-08
Accessing SQL Data in Apple Remote Desktop 2 (HTML)
Learn how to access the PostgreSQL database to help create custom applications.
Open Source Articles 2005-02-21
Advertising a Bonjour service on a specific set of networking interfaces. (HTML)
QA1513: Explains how to register a Bonjour service only on a specific set of networking interfaces.
Open Source Technical Q&As 2007-02-12
Authorization Services Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to add fine-grained control of privileged operations in an application.
Open Source Guides 2009-01-06
Bonjour Printer Subtype for HTTP (HTML)
QA1555: Describes how printer vendors can register their bonjour service such that Safari can see them.
Open Source Technical Q&As 2008-03-25
Building an Open Source Universal Binary (HTML)
Learn to build a universal binary through this sample build that uses OpenSSL.
Open Source Articles 2006-04-24
Building Universal Binaries from "configure"-based Open Source Projects (HTML)
TN2137: Describes some methods for building some existing "configure"-based Open Source packages as universal binaries.
Open Source Technical Notes 2006-10-05
Bundle Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Foundation bundle objects to organize resources.
Open Source Guides 2005-11-09
CCL Modem Scripting Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Open Source Guides 2007-06-28
CCL Modem Scripting Release Notes (HTML)
Explains changes to modem CCLs for Mac OS X v10.5 and what to do to change existing and supersede older scripts.
Open Source Release Notes 2007-10-31
CFNetwork Framework Release Notes (HTML)
Open Source Release Notes 2007-10-31
CFNetwork Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Core Foundation networking functions to work with low-level BSD sockets.
Open Source Guides 2009-05-06
Code Signing Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how you can sign your code and why you should.
Open Source Guides 2008-11-19